Excel business academy Bangalore [Type text] Page 1 Litrature surveys: Rain water harvesting is existing from last many years. The water harvested from rain used for many purposes even for drinking water also.Consuption of water is too much in urban areas than the rural areas. So in order to prevent the water cricis and fulfill the demand of the people many companies , institutions, school collages and government are involved . MODEL PROJECTSCSE is constantly deluged with quer ies, opinions and ideas from people who are concerned about the prevailing water crisis and are keen to play an active role in managing water. The Sixteen model projects provide the a nswers, at least to some of them. These also act as effective tools to establish the fact that rainwater harvesting can be taken up and implemented successfully in urban centers, by all concerned individuals who are looking for a wa y to fulfill thei r own water needs. As a part of the Centre for Science and Environment's (CSE) ca mpaign to spread awareness about community based rainwater harvesting techniques, the centre has identified Sixteen model projects in Delhi, from among those that have been designed by it. CSE has helped in the process of implementation of these and has been monitoring their impact on a regular basis. These Sixteen model projects have been constructed by enterprising citizens who sought CSE's help to setup rainwater harvesting structures in their colonies and institutions. The structures have a distinctive geographical and geological character istic; the Mira Model School model, forexample, has been constructed on a sedimentary terrain and the Shri Ram School project is on a hilly terrain. They also feature different forms of rainwater harvesting - roo ftop harvesting and surface water harvesting. The following are the selected sites: yMira Model School yJanki Devi Memorial College yJamia Hamdard University yThe Shri Ram School yPanchsheel Park colony yTex Corps Limi ted yFord Foundation ySri Aurobindo Ashram yThe TiharJail yGarden Estate yIndian Spinal Injury Centre yBPCL Housing Complex yDefence Colony yHero Honda Motors, Daruhera, Gurgaon yAnup Ahuja's Farm House, Sultanpur Estate ySurya Vihar Appartment, Gurgaon yMother Dairy F & V Unit's
Rain water harvesting is existing from last many years. The water harvested from rain used for
many purposes even for drinking water also.Consuption of water is too much in urban areas
than the rural areas. So in order to prevent the water cricis and fulfill the demand of the peoplemany companies , institutions, school collages and government are involved.
MODEL PROJECTS CSE is constantly deluged with queries, opinions and ideas from people who are concernedabout the prevailing water crisis and are keen to play an active role in managing water. TheSixteen model projects provide the answers, at least to some of them. These also act as effectivetools to establish the fact that rainwater harvesting can be taken up and implemented successfullyin urban centers, by all concerned individuals who are looking for a way to fulfill their ownwater needs.
As a part of the Centre for Science and Environment's (CSE) campaign to spread awarenessabout community based rainwater harvesting techniques, the centre has identified Sixteen model projects in Delhi, from among those that have been designed by it. CSE has helped in the processof implementation of these and has been monitoring their impact on a regular basis. TheseSixteen model projects have been constructed by enterprising citizens who sought CSE's help tosetup rainwater harvesting structures in their colonies and institutions. The structures have adistinctive geographical and geological characteristic; the Mira Model School model, for example, has been constructed on a sedimentary terrain and the Shri Ram School project is on ahilly terrain. They also feature different forms of rainwater harvesting - rooftop harvesting andsurface water harvesting.
The following are the selected sites:
y Mira Model Schooly Janki Devi Memorial Collegey Jamia Hamdard Universityy The Shri Ram Schooly Panchsheel Park colonyy Tex Corps Limitedy Ford Foundationy Sri Aurobindo Ashramy The Tihar Jaily Garden Estatey Indian Spinal Injury Centrey BPCL Housing Complexy Defence Colonyy Hero Honda Motors, Daruhera, Gurgaony Anup Ahuja's Farm House, Sultanpur Estatey Surya Vihar Appartment, Gurgaony Mother Dairy F & V Unit's
y New Friends Colony'sy Delhi Gymkhanay Nizamuddin East Colony'sy Royal Bhutanese Embassy's
IMPACTS: CSE has been constantly monitoring changes in the water levels in its 11model projects in Delhi and Gurgaon (Haryana). The impact of rainwater harvesting onthe quality and quantity of groundwater in the location has been remarkable, proving beyond doubt that rainwater harvesting is one of the most effective tools to arrest therapidly depleting groundwater reserves.
Here I would like to explore the harvesting system of some important institutions.
MIRA MODEL SCHOOL'S RAINWATER HARVESTING
SYSTEM
RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING:Total rooftop and surface area: 16,200 Square metres (Sq.m)
Average annual rainfall in Delhi : 611 millimetres (mm)
Total volume of rainwater harvested : 4,454 cubic metres (m³), or 44,54,000 litres
This is 45 per cent of the total water harvesting potential.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCE The non-potable water requirement is mainly fulfilled by the two borewells in the campus. Themunicipal water supply takes care of the drinking water requirements.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM Rooftop rainwater and surface runoff harvesting
WESTER N SIDE OF THE BUILDING
A part of the rooftop along with the surface runoff from the paved area near the playground isintercepted in a drain that is connected to a desilting chamber. The silt-free water from thechamber (measuring 300mm x 300mmx 300mm) enters a recharge structure of 1m x 1m x 1m. To facilitate recharge, a 15m deep borewell of 100mm diameter is provided inside the recharge well. A layer of pebbles and sandfilled inside the recharge well acts as filtering media, ensuring the quality of runoff that is beingrecharged.
EASTER N SIDE OF THE BUILDING Rooftop rainwater and surface runoff in the eastern side of the building is channelised through astormwater drain to a recharge structure measuring 2m x 2m x 3m. To facilitate recharge, an 8m
deep borewell of 100mm diameter is provided inside the recharge well.
THE FOOTBALL GROUND Runoff from the playground is captured on the northwestern corner of the playground in a
recharge well of 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m by means of a trench filled with pebbles surrounding the pit. The 14m deep borewell provided inside the recharge well facilitates recharging of theaquifer. Overflow from this structure drains into another recharge well of dimensions 2m x 2m x2m through a network of pipes linked through chambers.
The project was implemented in June 2001. The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting systemwas Rs 1.20 lakhs.
IMPACT
Water level data
Although water levels are very shallow in this area, they are declining rapidly due to the heavyexploitation of ground water.
JAMIA HAMDARD UNIVERSITY'S RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
Got 1st rank in Institutional category. Mr S. Ahmad, Vice Chancellor, Jamia HamdardUniversity receiving Rs 2 Lakh award from Chief minister
RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING
Total rooftop and surface area: 3,15,380 square metres (sq m)
Average annual rainfall in Delhi : 611 millimetres (mm)
Total volume of rainwater harvested: 67444 cubic meters (m³) or 6,74,44,000 litres.
This represents 35 per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential
WATER SUPPLY SOURCEThe daily water requirement of approximately six lakh litres is extracted from six borewells. Theremaining requirement is met through private water tankers.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMRainwater from various catchments, such as rooftop, surface runoff from open areas and runoff from the Jahanpanah Reserve Forest are harvested.
a) Rooftop rainwater harvesting at the library building
Rainwater from the library's rooftop is taken to a desilting chamber measuring 2m x 2m x 3mthrough a closed drain. A baffle wall divides the desilting chamber into two compartments--
settlement and filtering chambers. The rainwater first enters the desilting chamber where the siltgets collected and then overflows into the filtering chamber. The filtering chamber has pebbles,which further filters the rainwater before diverting it into the recharge well. The recharge wellmeasures 1.5m x 1.5m x 3m in size with a 30m deep recharge borewell measuring 100mm indiameter.
b) Rooftop rainwater harvesting at the girls' hostel
Rainwater from the hostel terrace is diverted to a circular recharge well 2m in diameter and 3mdeep through a closed channel. A desilting chamber is created by constructing a baffle wallinside the recharge well. The rainwater from the terrace flows into the desilting chamber, where
the silt gets deposited. The silt-free water overflows into the recharge well. The recharge wellencompasses a borewell which is 100mm in diameter and 30m deep.
2. SUR FACE RU NOFF HARVESTING
a) Surface runoff harvesting near library buildingSurface runoff from the paved and unpaved areas surrounding the library is collected in twotrenches located in the eastern part of the campus (near Gates 5 and 6). The runoff collected near Gate 5 is diverted into a recharge well. Similarly, the runoff from the northern side of the building is drained into an abandoned open dugwell near Gate 6.
b) Surface runoff harvesting from Jahanpanah Reserve ForestThe surface runoff from the Jahanpanah reserve forest collects in a pond from where it flowsthrough a stormwater drain adjacent to the Scholars' House. This runoff water is channelised intoa desilting chamber and then into a recharge well which measures 2m x 2m x 3m with the help of a 1m high diversion wall.
3. SUR FACE RU NOFF A ND ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING AT HAMDARDARCHIVES & RESEARCH CE NTREThe rooftop rainwater and the surface runoff are collected in an open drain which runs adjacentto the building. This drain, measuring 450mm in width and 300mm in depth carries the rainwater into the desilting chamber. The silt-free water is diverted to a recharge well which has a borewell
to recharge the groundwater.
The project was implemented in June 2001. The total cost for implementation of rechargestructures was Rs. 6.52 lakhs.
Before installing the rainwater harvesting system water levels in Jamia Hamdard were decliningat alarming rates. Most of the tube wells that are the only source of water supply in the 100-acrecampus were going dry every year. The water level in May 2002 was 47.5m below ground level(bgl). After successfully implementing rainwater harvesting in the campus at different locations,
the water level rose to 38.0m (bgl) in September 2002, after the monsoon. The water level inMay 2003 was around 45.0 m (bgl). The water level in July 2003 stands at 39.0 m (bgl),representing a net rise of 6m, or 19.68 feet.
HERO HONDA MOTORS RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING
Total rooftop area:11,080 square metres (sq m)Av
erage annual rainfall in Gurgaon:4577.8 millimetres (mm)
Total rainwater available from rainfall: 5,441 metre cubic (m 3 ) or 54,41,720 litres (Which is 85
per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential of these buildings.)
WATER SUPPLY SOURCEThe water requirements for potable and non potable purposes are met by four bore wells located in the factory premises.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
PHASE-I The rooftop rainwater from the Administrative building, the New Time Office, the Dispensary,the Canteen, the R & D Centre and the Export & Dispatch buildings is collected by a series of
collection chambers and interconnecting pipes. This water is diverted to recharge wellsconstructed at six different locations in the factory premise. The recharge wells are of the size of 3 m x 2 m x 3 m and are provided with recharge bore wells of 8 inch diameter and 40 m depth.The recharge wells are filled with three layers of pebbles ranging from 10 mm to 100 mm in size,which ensure efficient filteration. The implementation of phase-I was completed in June 2002.
The rooftop rainwater from the remaning part of the R & D Centre, the Canteen building, the Newly Constructed Gears & Shaft section and the New Alluminium Phase is also collected incollection chambers and through interconnecting pipes diverted to recharge wells at four different ocations. The design and dimensions of the recharge wells remain the same as in phase-I.
The implementation of phase-II was completed in February 2004. The groundwater level, as inFebruary 2004, was around 17 m below ground level (bgl).
The total cost incurred: Rs 12 lakhs
Garden estate Resident welfare association
RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING
Total area - 89,012 square metres (Sq m)
Average annual rainfall in Gurgaon - 577.8 millimetre (mm)
Total volume of water harvested - 23549.32 cubic metre (m³) or 2,35,49,320 litres
This represents 45.8 per cent of the total rainwater harvesting potential.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCEThe four borewells inside the colony provide around 5.5 lakh litres of water every day.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
Rooftop rainwater harvesting:
Rooftop rainwater from the MA 1/2 block is diverted into a recharge well through a series of chambers and interconnected pipes. This recharge well measures 2.5m x 1.25m x 3.5m indimension with two recharge bores, each 150mm in diameter and 20m deep. The recharge well isfilled with three layers of pebbles ranging from 10mm to 100mm in size, which act as filteringmedia.
The rooftop rainwater and surface runoff from the paved and unpaved areas in the colony arecollected in a series of interconnected collection chambers. This water is harvested by convertingthe 116 collection chambers into percolation pits by drilling a recharge bore of 100mm diameter and 15m deep. The quality of runoff water through these recharge bores is ensured through afilter media.
The implementation was completed on July 2001, and the water level on February 2003 wasrecorded at 39.6 m below ground level (bgl).
The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 5.9 lakh.
IMPACT
Water level data
This project showed it was possible to minimise water logging in colonies through rainwater harvesting. The roads of Garden Estate became waterlogged even after a short shower. The water level was recorded at 39.6m below ground level (bgl) in April 2003. Concerned with decliningwater tables and water logging, the Garden Estate Resident Welfare Association decided to adoptrainwater harvesting throughout the colony. After the successful implementation, the problem of water logging has been solved and the water level recorded in July 2003 was 37.9m (bgl),showing a net rise of 1.7m, or 5.57 feet.
TIHAR JAIL'S RAI RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING
Total area (Ward 1 and Ward 13): 4125 square meters (Sq m)
Average annual rainfall in Delhi: 611 millimeters (mm)
Total volume of water harvested: 1280 cubic meter (m³) or 12,80,000 litres
This represents 50.78 per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCEWater supply in these wards is fulfilled by two borewells located inside the jail premises.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
Rooftop rainwater and runoff from unpaved areas:
Ward 1In Ward 1, the rooftop rainwater from the barracks and the surface runoff from the unpaved areaare collected in a low-lying area between the buildings. This water is collected by a collectionchamber measuring 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m, which is covered by a perforated RCC slab. The water
collected in the chamber is diverted to recharge well measuring 1m x 1m x 2m with a recharge bore of 150mm diameter and 10m deep. The recharge well is filled with layers of pebbles andcoarse sand, which act as filtering media to improve the quality of the water harvested.
Ward 13
The rooftop rainwater from the buildings and the surface runoff from the open areas are collectedin a low-lying area located at southwest corner of the ward. This water is collected in a collectionchamber measuring 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m, which is covered by a perforated RCC slab. The water collected in the chamber is diverted to a recharge well measuring 1m x 1m x 2m in size with arecharge bore of 150mm diameter and 10m deep. The recharge well is filled with layers of pebbles and coarse sand, which act as filtering media to improve the quality of the water harvested.
The implementation was completed in November 2002 and the water level on February 2003was recorded at 9.40m below ground level (bgl).
The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 0.2 lakh
IMPACT
Water level data
Thsi project demonstrated that rainwater harvesting can help solve the problem of water logging.Tihar Jail's barracks used to remain flooded for hours after every rainfall. The water level in the jail was 14m below ground level (bgl) in April 2003. Concerned with flooding in the barracksand with sharply declining water levels in the area, the Tihar Jail authorities decided adoptrainwater harvesting in Central Jail No. 4.
TEX CORP LIMITED'S RAINWATER HARVESTING:
RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING
Total rooftop area - 4,000 square metres (Sq m)
Average annual rainfall in Gurgaon - 577.8 millimetre (mm)
Total volume of water harvested - 1962 cubic metre (m³) or
1962,000 litres
This represents 85 per cent of the total rainwater harvesting potential.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCEThe daily water requirement of about 90,000 litres for potable and non-potable purposes is met by two borewells and by private water tankers.
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMThe rooftop rainwater from the factory building is channelised through a network of pipes linkedthrough chambers to a settlement tank measuring 4.5m x 2m x 3m. The silt-free water from thissettlement tank is diverted to three storage tanks, each with a capacity of 40,000 litres. The
rainwater stored in the sub-surface tank along with groundwater from the borewell is used for industrial purposes.
The overflow water from these storage tanks is diverted to another settlement tank through anetwork of pipes and chambers. The silt-free water from the settlement tank is diverted to a borewell, which yields non-potable water.
The rainwater harvesting system was completed in August 2002. The water level as on February2003 was around 12 m below ground level (bgl).
The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 5.5 lakh.
IMPACT
Water level data
This project clearly shows that rainwater can be stored and used for industrial purposes. Groundwater is highly saline on the factory premises. The quality is so bad that it is neither fit for drinking nor for industrial purposes. There is no municipal supply in the area. The water requirements were met by private water tankers. Keeping in view that water quality was very poor and levels were rapidly declining in the area, Texcorp's authorities decided to take up
rainwater harvesting on the factory premises. The water level in the factory measured 12.2 m below ground level (bgl) in April 2003. After implementing the rainwater harvesting system, thewater level in July 2003 rose to 10.2m (bgl), representing a net rise of 2.0m, or 6.65 feet
FORD FOUNDATION'S RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
RAINWATER AVAILABLE FOR HARVESTING Totalarea - 12,500 square metres (Sq m)
Average annual rainfall in Delhi - 611 millimetre (mm)
Total volume of water harvested - 6491.8 cubic metre (m³)
or 64,91,875 litres
This is 85 per cent of total rainwater harvesting potential.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCEThe organisation's water requirement is fulfilled by two tubewells and is supplemented byMunicipal water supply. Approximately 15,000 litres of water is used for potable and non-
Rooftop rainwater and runoff water from paved and unpaved areas:
The rooftop rainwater from the northern portion of the U NDP building is diverted to a rechargewell located near the existing borewell through a network of pipes and collection chambers. Therecharge well is 2m in diameter and 3.5 m deep, with a recharge bore which is 100mm indiameter and 5m deep. The rooftop rainwater runoff from the southern part of the U NDP building is collected in a chamber and diverted to a 1m x 1m x 1m recharge well with a recharge bore of 100mm diameter and 5m deep. A layer of pebbles and sand filled inside the rechargewell acts as filtering media, ensuring the quality of water being recharged.
Surface water harvesting:Surface runoff from paved and unpaved sources and part of the rooftop rainwater are trapped by
constructing recharge troughs near Gates I, III, V and VI. These troughs are 5m long, 0.7m wideand 1.5m deep. Each trough is provided with recharge bores that are 100mm in diameter and 5mdeep.
Implementation of the system was completed on November 2000 and the water level onFebruary 2003 was recorded at 9.80m below ground level (bgl).
The cost of the entire rainwater harvesting system was Rs 4 lakh.
IMPACT
Water level data
This project clearly showed that was possible to arrest declining water levels through rainwater harvesting. The water level at the Ford Foundation premises stood at 14.7 m below ground level(bgl) in April 2003. Concerned with the sharply declining water levels in the area, authorities of the United Nations Development Program (Ford Foundation) decided to take up rainwater harvesting in the main building.
Coke completes rainwater harvesting projects in India The public-private partnership¶s water management efforts in Madhya Pradesh have the potentialto harvest 36 lakh liters of rainwater annually.
Atlanta-based Coca-Cola¶s subsidiary in India and its partners have completed 16 rain water harvesting projects in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, according to today¶sImagesFood.com, which covers the business of the Indian food industry.
Rooftop rainwater harvesting systems are now mandatory for new buildings in 18 of India¶s 28states and four of its seven federally-administered union territories, according to India¶s Press
Information Bureau.
Because of falling groundwater tables and the cost of developing surface supplies, new
government mandates and funding emphasize rainwater harvesting.
About 50 percent of the funds for India¶s rural employment act are being used for water harvesting systems, said the Minister for Rural Development to the Press Trust of India.
A rule requiring all new buildings in Bangalore to incorporate water harvesting systems will beextended to all cities in Karnataka state next year, according to DNA India. The state is alsoconsidering a water bill rebate for citizens who install such systems in their houses.
Rainwater harvesting would provide Bangalore¶s water needs for six months of the year, said thecity¶s water chief at a conference on urban water development last week.
Delhi¶s water board has a program to provide technical support and financial incentives for residents and businesses wanting to install a system. The city¶s government buildings are alreadyrequired to have harvesting systems, according to the Tribune India.
Even though regulations are being enacted, making sure the rainwater systems are actually builtis another matter. Mumbai¶s water supply operator made it mandatory in 2002 for new buildingswith an area of 1,000 square meters to have rainwater systems installed, but the rule has been poorly implemented because of a lack of monitoring, the Telegraph of India reported.
Most harvesting systems use a building¶s rooftop as a catchment area. After the rain falls, it is
channeled from gutters into pipes that lead to a storage tank. The captured water can be used for household use or for recharging groundwater.
AGlobeScan/Circle of Blue opinion survey in August 2009 found that Indian citizens consider water pollution and freshwater shortages the most serious environmental problems in thecountry.
The Centre for Science and Environment, a New Delhi based non-governmental organisation
( NGO) has been promoting the revival of traditional systems of water harvesting as a practical
solution for drought proofing the affected areas. The organisation has developed a
comprehensive strategy to further the impact of its campaign for participatory, equitable and
decentralised paradigm for water management. A look at the Jal swaraj campaign
