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Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reduction
Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila
The 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
ILRI’s strategy
Livestock research for food security
and poverty reduction
Strategy in context
• ILRI in the CGIAR
• Livestock in Africa
• Strategic issues
• Elements of strategy
• Topics for discussion
ILRI – a member of the CGIAR Consortium
CGIAR consortium
ILRI strategy
Global livestock issues
Why bother with the livestock sector in Africa?
3 out of 6 of the highest valueAfrican commodities are livestock
Source: FAOSTAT, 2013
FAO, 2012
Annual % growth in consumption of livestock products between 1995 and 2005
Strategic issuesPhoto ILRI/Collins
Strategic issues
Improve food security
Deliver at scale
Empower women
Employ diverse
approaches
Address health and
environmental problems
Use new science
Increase investments
Developcapacity
Ensure fit for purpose
Growth scenarios for livestock systems
• ‘Strong growth’– Where good market access and
increasing productivity provide opportunities for continued smallholder participation.
• ‘Fragile growth’– Where remoteness, marginal land
resources or agroclimatic vulnerability restrict intensification.
• ‘High growth with externalities’– Fast changing livestock systems
potentially damaging the environment and human health
• Different research and development challenges for poverty, food security, health and nutrition, environment
Mission (Purpose)
WHY ILRI exists
WHAT ILRI does
HOW the strategy is operationalized
Strategic objectives (informed by strategic issues
– external and internal environment))
Critical success factors performance areas
overlapping do NOT map to structure
Key elements
Mission and vision
ILRI envisions a world where all people have access to enough food and livelihood options to
fulfill their potential.
ILRI’s mission is to improve food and nutritional security and to reduce poverty in developing
countries through research for efficient, safe and sustainable use of livestock—ensuring better
lives through livestock.
What’s new?
• Long term strategy• Outcomes and impacts
(accountable; attribution; alignment)
• Diversity: trajectories; species; ILRI strengths; partners
• Livestock ‘goods’ and ‘bads’• Mainstreaming gender; human
health • Clientele: Beyond livestock
producers; partners; capacity development
ILRI acts in three (mutually reinforcing) areas
• To prove that better use of livestock can make a big difference in enough people’s lives through improved practice.
• To influence decision-makers so that they will increase investment in livestock systems.
• To ensure there is sufficient capacity in developing countries and among investors to use increased investment effectively and efficiently.
Strategic objective 1
ILRI and its partners will develop, test, adapt and promote science-based practices that—being sustainable and scalable—achieve better lives through livestock.
Strategic objective 2
ILRI and its partners will provide compelling scientific evidence in ways that persuade decision-makers—from farms to boardrooms and parliaments—that smarter policies and bigger livestock investments can deliver significant socio-economic, health and environmental dividends to both poor nations and households.
Strategic objective 3
ILRI and its partners will work to increase capacity amongst ILRI’s key stakeholders and the institute itself so that they can make better use of livestock science and investments for better lives through livestock.
The critical success factors
• The biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems
• Vulnerability and risk in drylands
• Food safety and aflatoxins
• Vaccine biosciences
• Mobilizing biosciences for a food-secure Africa
The biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems
The biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems
Why does it matter?• Increasing livestock populations are putting pressure on
demand for feed and increasing the competition for biomass
• Feed is at the interface of positive and negative effects of livestock
• Supports intensification , income and employment• Major input cost – feed:product price ratio increasing• Biomass production is major user of natural resources (land,
water)• Increased intensification increases feed efficiency and reduces
GHG emissions, water use, biomass use
The biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systemsWhat are we doing about it?Supporting sustainable intensification to produce more product from less biomass. Using a value chain approach to: 1) make better use of existing feed resources, 2) produce more and better feeds; 3) encourage and facilitate feed trading, processing and small scale business enterprises around feed
• Tools for assessing feed resources and for prioritizing feed interventions
• Select, breed and disseminate improved food-feed crops and forages and identify new feed ingredients
• Identify feed surplus: deficit areas, facilitate fodder markets and design context specific feed processing approaches
• Consider environmental impacts, including competition for biomass (e.g. soil OM) in smallholder systems and GHG and water implications of intensification.
The biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems
What is the next frontier?• What will the trajectory of demand be in Africa and what are the
implications for biomass use?• Transitions vs sustainability • Technical vs. institutional solutions e.g.
• Cellulolytic biomass upgrading?• More efficient livestock value chains?
• Questions for discussion• What are the options for sustainable intensification through livestock
feeding?• How can we best deal with the competition for biomass between livestock
feeding and soil fertility?
Vulnerability and risk in the drylands
Vulnerability and risk in drylands
Why does it matter?• Lots of livestock produced in the
drylands• E.g. 80% if red meat consumed in
Kenya• Risk inherent to dryland livestock
production and risks are increasing• Renewed commitment from
governments and donors to build resilience
• Complex systems require innovative solutions from research and development
Vulnerability and risk in drylands
What are we doing about it?• Hosting a Technical Consortium to support investment
plans for resilience• Active partner in the Drylands CRP• Piloting Index – Based Livestock Insurance
• Northern Kenya, Ethiopia• Promoting equitable commercialization• Fostering better land management
Vulnerability and risk in drylands
What is the next frontier?• How can commercial pastoral livestock production
lead to growth in risk-prone drylands?• Is there a long term role for livestock insurance in
pastoral production systems?
Food safety and aflatoxins
Food safety and aflatoxins
Why does it matter?• FBD is the most common
disease in the world• FBD is the most serious
agriculture associated disease
• FBD is not just about illness: also livestock sector, trade and environmental impacts
Food safety and aflatoxins
What are we doing about it?• Targeting interventions to 9
high value, high nutrition, high risk livestock & fish chains
• Working with crop-centers to strengthen public health aspects of aflatoxins
Food safety and aflatoxins
The big questions?• How to assure food safety
in informal markets where most of the poor buy & sell?
• How to wed food safety and nutrition?
• Do aflatoxins stunt children as well as killing and causing liver cancer?
Vaccine biosciences
ILRI will initially focus on five prioritized diseases African swine fever (ASF) – swine
African disease threatens the global $150 billion/year pig industry
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) – cattleRegional losses to CBPP amount to ~ $60 million/year
East Coast fever (ECF) – cattleRegional losses exceed $300 million/year; kills ~ 1million cattle/year
Peste de petits ruminants (PPR) – small ruminantsLosses in Kenya alone amount to ~ $13 million/year
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) – small ruminants, cattle and human2006/7 outbreak in Kenya cost ~ $30 million309 human cases in Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania; 140 deaths
Vaccines save livestock and contribute to food security and poverty alleviation
Importance of animal health control in Africa
Vaccine Biosciences: new science platforms, new opportunities
Optimizing existing vaccines Thermostabilization of attenuated viral vaccines Establishing quality control and process improvement
Reverse vaccinology and immunology
Identification of vaccine antigens Assessing protein and gene-based vaccine formulations
Pathogen & livestock genomics
Host and pathogen gene expression profiles Pathogen population structure
Synthetic genomics Manipulating bacterial genomes Attenuating viruses by genome engineering
Vaccinology capacity in Africa?
How do we stimulate and sustain an African vaccine R & D pathway to achieve impact?
How can we grow a biotech and vaccine manufacturing sector in Africa?
Mobilizing biosciences for a food-secure Africa
Building biosciences capacity in Africa
Why?• Small holder agriculture is crucial for Africa• For the last 25 years the productivity of
small farmers has declined• Availability and widespread use of quality
farm inputs & technologies developed through biotechnology can improve productivity
Building biosciences capacity in Africa
What?
Capacity buildingCollaborative research
Food safety & security
Income generation
Increased trade
Climate change Environmental
sustainability
Technologies and services
Building biosciences capacity in Africa
• How can we build bio-sciences capacity in Africa to move from research results to development impacts?
• How can we keep the BecA-ILRI Hub relevant to the research needs and context of African scientists?
The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
better lives through livestock
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