LIVING ON THE SLOPE

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HIS STORY (History)• 140 million years ago the Indian Plate formed part of the supercontinent Gondwanaland together with modern Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America.

• About 90 million years ago, subsequent to the splitting off from Gondwanaland of conjoined Madagascar and India, the Indian Plate split from Madagascar.

• Begun colliding with Asia between 55 and 50 million years ago

•The collision with the Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India and Nepal formed the orogenic belt that created the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya Mountains

(Source: wikipedia)

Westerly Wave(Mid Latitude Weather Systems)

Tracks of Monsoon & Winter Weather Systems (Courtesy PMD)Tracks of Monsoon & Winter Weather Systems (Courtesy PMD)

Monsoon

MonsoonalZone

SUPER FLOOD (2010) in Pakistan: Very Heavy Rainfall Over NW Pakistan

People Centerd Early Warning System-Key Elements

Dissemination and Communication

Communicate risk information and early

warnings

Risk Knowledge

Systematically collect data and undertake risk

assessments

Monitoring and Warning Service

Develop hazard monitoring and early

warning

Response Capability

Build national and community response

capability

Project Outline

Strategic Strengthening of Flood Warning and Management Capacity of Pakistan

Problem revealed by the flood 2010 and counter measures taken in this project

There was limited or no flood forecasting ability for the areas severely damaged by the floods

The flood devastated the areas where had no inundation experience in the past

Flood forecasting including upper-Indus will be introduced by a new system utilizing satellite data （ A1)

Updating flood hazard maps in lower Indus to cover the new inundated areas （ A2)

Upper Indus

Lower Indus

Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS)

Satellite information of Satellite information of basin featuresbasin features

(Elevation, Land use, Geology)(Elevation, Land use, Geology)

Input satellite rainfallInput satellite rainfall *Empirical self-correction method is also applicable. *Empirical self-correction method is also applicable.

Create runoff analysis model with GISCreate runoff analysis model with GIS

Conduct runoff analysis/forecast calculationConduct runoff analysis/forecast calculation

Reduce/Prevent Reduce/Prevent flood damageflood damage

Satellite-based rainfall dataSatellite-based rainfall data

(Quasi-real-time)(Quasi-real-time)

User friendly display

Rainfall observationRainfall observation

by satelliteby satellite

Available on internetAvailable on internet

Promoting safe evacuation

Flow/water level calculation

Rainfall observation Rainfall observation by rain gaugeby rain gauge

IIntegrated ntegrated FFlood lood AAnalysis nalysis SSystemystem

（ JAXA-GSMaP ）

Courtesy of JAXACourtesy of JAXA

Flood

forecasting/warning

TarbellaDam

Realtime flow hydrograph from Existing FEWS

Project Component （ 1/3 ）

Geographic area to be covered by Indus-IFAS (enclosed by dotted lines)

Indus-IFAS will be developed in collaboration with the government of Pakistan

Test operation in 2011

Validation and update in 2012

A1

IIntegrated ntegrated FFlood lood AAnalysis nalysis SSystemystem4

IFAS Introduction

Project Component （ 2/3 ）

Proposed Flood Hazard Mapping Area (enclosed by dotted lines)

Update flood hazard maps by using satellite data

Cover lower Indus including newly affected areas by the flood 2010

A2

Punjnad

Flood Hazard Mapping

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Project Component （ 3/3 ）

Parameter improvement and enhanced utilization of IFAS

Capacity development for IFAS introduction and flood hazard mapping, as well as for their sustainable use

B

C

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Software Platform for Transboundary and domestic data sharing

Human Capacity Development

Supplementation

A1

A2

Implementation FrameworkUNESCO

Project Implementation

ICHARMComponent: A1, C

PMDDevelopment of

Flood Forecasting system

Component: A1

SUPARCOFlood Risk

Hazard MappingComponent: A2

FFCCoordination for

flood management at provincial level

Component: B2

Indus River CommissionTransboundary

Data sharingComponent:B1

NDMA(Including NIDM)

National Policy and Flood Management

at National, Province, District level

Component: B2, C

ICIMODUniv. of Tokyo

UNESCO NetworkComponent: A1, A2

Model Validation

JAXAComponent: A1, A2

PakistanAuthorities

International Partners

Expert InputsGSMAP

Local Calibration

PMD Pakistan Meteological Department

SUPARCO Pakistan and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission

FCC Federal Flood Commission

NDMA National Disaster Management Authority

NIDM National Institute of Disaster Management

ICHARM International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management under the auspices of UNESCO

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development

JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

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