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Living and Working in Germany
Shin Daniel Cho
Thessaloniki, October 2011
Seite 2
Facts about GermanyGermany – an overview
Unemployment Rate
Labour Market Information
Working in GermanyWorking Conditions
Salaries
Social Security
Taxes
Some interesting facts for Engineers
Finding a JobHow to find job offers
How to apply
Overview
Seite 3
Facts about Germany
Germany – an overview
Unemployment Rate
Labour Market InformationDemographical Change & Challenges
Labour Market Trends
Top 10 Vacancies
Surpluses & Shortages: Who are we looking for?
Some facts for Engineers
Where are the jobs located in Germany?
Some Profiles of Foreign Applicants – Some Experiences
Kapitel 1 / 5
Seite 4
Facts about GermanySurface Area: 357.000 km²
Population: ~82 Mio. (2010)
Population with migrational background: ~15 Mio. *
Immigrants with Greek nationality: ~400.000 *
Capital: Berlin (3,4 million inhabitants)
16 Federal States
* Source: Ungenutzte Potentiale, Berlin-Institut 2010
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Unemployment Rates & Employment Figures
September 2011 Germany 7%
Western Germany 6% Eastern Germany 10,9%
Unemployed people2,8 Mio. (as of September 2011)
Employments41,2 Mio. (as of July 2011)
Registered openings 501,000 (as of September 2011)
Seite 6
Demographical Change – Challenges for the Labour Market
The demographical change – a major challenge for the German Labour Market
Shrinkage of the population about 8 Mio. people (9,5%) in Germany in 2040
Substitutional demand due to retirements will increase considerably in the next years
Currently every seventh employee is aged over 55 years
The structural change of the Labour Market to a service society is proceeding
The demand of highly skilled workforce continues to ascend
Lack of approx. 5,2 Mio. labour forces in 2030 – thereof 2,4 Mio graduates (Prognos AG)
International Placement Services (ZAV) 2011 © Bundesagentur für Arbeit
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Share of Population of Working Age decreases continuosly Population by Age, share in %, Germany ,
2008 - 2040
19,0 17,0 16,7 16,0
60,659,6
54,5 51,9
20,4 23,328,8 32,1
2008 2020 2030 2040
65 years and older
20 to 64 years
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt
under 20 years
International Placement Services (ZAV) 2011 © Bundesagentur für Arbeit
Seite 8
The Number of employees with university grade one-fifth higher in 2009 compared to 2000Development of employments subject to social insurance dinstinguished by level of qualification, Germany 2000 to 2009 (year 2000 = 100)
Source: Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit
International Placement Services (ZAV) 2011 © Bundesagentur für Arbeit
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
graduates (overall)+21%
vocational training / apprenticeship -7%
100
low-skilled workforce / without apprenticeship -22%
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Till 2030 lack of up to 5,2 Mio labour forces expectedif status quo maintainsMismatch of supply of labor vs requests for labour (in thousand)
Germany, 2010 till 2030
lack of university graduates:2,4 Mio
lack of unqualifiedpersonnel: 0,6 Mio
lack of skilled workforce :2,2 Mio
International Placement Services (ZAV) 2011 © Bundesagentur für Arbeit
Source: Prognos AG, 2010
without qualification
with apprencticeship / vocational training
with university degree
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Seite 10
TOP 10 of vacancies September 2011
Potentielle
Seite 11
Labour Market - SurplusesCurrent surpluses in the following professions:
Architects and Civil Engineers
Bachelors/Masters of Arts and Social Sciences
Geographers and Geologists
Biologists
Graduates in Business Studies
Construction Workers
Unskilled Workers
Seite 12
Whom we are looking for?
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Labour Market – Shortages in Germany Medical Doctors all specialisations: assistant doctor & medical specialists
Nurses surgery intensive care geriatric care / elderly care graduated nurses
Hotel and Gastronomy (saisonal) Hotel Clerks / Waiter/Waitresses / Specialists Cooks Chambermaids
Engineers Mechanical Engineers Electrical Engineers
Qualified Metal Workers CNC Operators
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BerlinBremen
Dortmund Erfurt
Frankfurt
Hamburg
Köln
Magdeburg
München
Nürnberg
Rostock
Saarbrücken
Stuttgart
Trier
Dresden
Karlsruhe
Leipzig
Freiburg
Hannover
Essen
New German states
Rural regions
Where are the jobs located?
Throughout Germany
mainly in:
Hamburg
NurembergBerlin
MunichStuttgart
Seite 15
Medical Doctorsmainly applications for Assitant Doctors
countries of origin: mainly Eastern Europe, Greece, Austria
main problems: lack of German Language Proficiency
certification of license to practise medicine for Greeks not problematic at all
Nursesmainly applicants of new EU Member States
oftentimes with working expirience of many years
German Language Proficiency varies Use of Technial Language often leads to problems
Big Issue: Recognition of profession / educational training
Profiles of Foreign Applicants – Some Experiences (1)
Seite 16
Engineersmainly graduates of job starters
lack of work experiences and lack of branch knowledge
German Language Proficiency often at low level
general problem: discrepancy between demands of employers and qualification of applicants
Hotel & Catering / Servicejob seekers are quite flexible (mobility, availabilty)
good qualifications and work experiences
partly good command of German Language
until now no experience with Greece
Profiles of Foreign Applicants – Some Experiences (2)
Seite 17
Working in Germany
Working conditions
Some facts for Engineers
Kapitel 1 / 5
Seite 18
Working Conditions in Germany
Wages
Social security
Taxes
Seite 19
Wages & Minimum Wages
Average salary approx. 41.000 € gross/year
Engineers: approx. 47.000 € (average yearly income)
Hotel- and Catering Staff: approx. 15.000 to 21.000 € (depending on Federal State): 15.000,- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 21.000,- Bayern, Baden-Württemberg, Hessen
There are no regulations on minimum wages! Exceptions for selected branches e.g. cleaning sector, temporary employment
Seite 20
Social SecurityFive pillars of the German Social Security System:
(Contributions Employer – Employee = 50 : 50)
rates:Health Insurance 15,5 %
Unemployment Insurance 3,0 %
Pension 19,9 %
Long-Term Care Insurance 1,95 %
Work Accident Insurance paid by employer
For detailed information in English and French see www.deutsche-sozialversicherung.de
Seite 21
Taxes
Income tax 14 % - 42 %
Church tax 8 % - 9 % of income tax
Solidarity tax 5,5 % of income tax
Automatically deducted from employee’s salary
general rule for total deduction: 35-45% from gross salary
Seite 22
Labour Market and Employment situation are continuously solid
currently more than 800.000 employed Engineers, thereof 55% in the industrial sector
5 % with foreign nationality (57% EU)
number of graduates is at a low level (ascending tendency, but every year appr. a lack of 12.000 graduates)
over all quite low unemployment rate (3%)
Engineers in Germany – some facts (1)
Seite 23
high number of Engineers, who are about to retire
• more than 40% of employed Engineers are aged 45 years and older
• appr. 100.000 retirements in the next 10 years
number of reported vacancies is rising
relatively long time duration until placement of one reported vacancy (~105 days)
appr. 80% unlimited contracts, 20% are temporary contracts
Engineers in Germany – some facts (2)
Seite 24
Reported vacancies mainly in the following fields
Mechanical Engineering
Automotive Engineering
Electric/Electronical Engineering
High demands come from the following sectors:
Temporary Employment Agencies (25%)
Engineering / Consulting (20%)
Public Sector (15%)
Engineers in Germany – some facts (3)
Seite 25
Salaries for Engineers, period of first 6 months 2010
Sector entry level (€) average salary (€)Mechanical Engineering 41.600 58.066Automotive Engineering 43.025 59.150Electronic Engineering 42.000 58.237Energy Supply 42.075 55.511Chemical- and Pharmaceutical Industry 44.920 66.652Civil Engineering (Construction) 36.025 47.275Engineering (consultant’s) Offices 38.115 44.312Information Technology 39.996 51.010Average 41.235 54.900
Source: VDI www.ingenieurkarriere.de
Engineers in Germany – some facts (4)
Seite 26
How to find a job
Websites
Application
Contacts
Seite 27
How to find a job
Internet
EURES – www.eures.europa.eu
German Federal Employment Agency www.arbeitsagentur.de > Jobbörse
Specific websites for different branches see www.ba-auslandsvermittlung.de)
Company websites
Newspapers, yellow pages, private job agencies, international chambers of commerce …
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Websites
Seite 29
Other useful websitesEmployment:• www.crosswater-systems.com (“all about work”)• www.karrierefuehrer.de
Language courses:• www.vhs.de (“Volkshochschule”)• www.goethe.de
Accommodation:• www.mitwohnzentrale.de• www.wohnung-jetzt.de• www.meinestadt.de (“my city“)
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Application
Basic rules1. Cover letter: short and precise 2. If possible, e-mail application3. Date of birth to be mentioned in CV4. Photo in CV5. If a certain position is known to applicant, he/she should refer to it6. No grammar and spelling mistakes7. Including copies of diplomas and letters of reference from employers
Help for application process is offered:www.bewerbungsdschungel.dewww.europass-info.de (CV)
Seite 31
Contact us!
Bundesagentur für Arbeit
Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung (ZAV)
Team Incoming
Villemombler Str. 76
53123 Bonn
Germany
Telephone: +49 228 713 1570
FAX: +49 228 713 270 2224
E-mail: [email protected]