Liza falcipinnis

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TOPIC : LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP,

FECUNDITY ESTIMATES, GONAD GROWTH

AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIZA FALCIPINNIS

(SICKLE FIN MULLET) IN BADAGRY CREEK,

LAGOS, SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA.

INTRODUCTION

Liza falcipinnis, (Sickle-fin mullet) is a bony fish of the family Muglilidae.

The Mugilidae is the sole family in the sub-order Mugiloidei but have being

lumped into several groups. They are ray-finned fishes found worldwide in

temperate, tropical, coastal and freshwaters. Common genera include;

Chelon, Liza, Mugil and Valamugil . Liza dumerilli (grooved mullet),

L. grandisquamis (large-scale mullet), L. argentea (flat-tail mullet) and

L. triscuspider (stripped mullet) are some of the common members of the

genus Liza .

The family is mostly small-sized but large ones could reach 120cm. They are

readily recognizable with their thick yet streamlined bodies; forked tail,

hard-angled mouth, large, cycloid or faintly ctenoid scales, sub-abdominal

pelvic fin and two widely separated dorsal fin, the first containing only four

spines. They have no lateral line and adipose eyelid, pectoral fin is high on

body and mouth is small terminal or inferior with pre-maxillae protactile, the

teeth are small, feeble and could be hidden or absent. They possess a large

axillary scale but the Mugil genera have small axillary scale. Body is

elongated, cylindrical with broad flattened head with blunt snout. Colour of

species when alive could be blue, green or olive on the back, silvery on the





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from with majority of works carried out on other mullet species not

commonly found in Nigeria/West Africa, so the need for this investigation

which attempts to compliment existing studies by focusing of the length-

weight relationship, fecundity estimates and gonadal morphology anddevelopment of the L. falcipinnis in Badagry creek, Lagos Nigeria.

STUDY AREA

The Badagry creek (Figure 1) is a long stretch of fresh water body that runs

parallel to the Atlantic Ocean in the south; it extends from Lake Nokue near

Port-novo, Benin republic to Apapa area of Lagos before opening up into theAtlantic Ocean. Along the creeks the major occupation of the inhabitants is

fishing, crop farming, mat weaving and coconut sales most especially in the

Badagry area. Omotayo (1989) discovered that the volume of water in the

Badagry creek is fairly constant throughout the year thus making it a very

useful means of transportation. The works of Coker (1990) on the creek

recorded the following parameters; Salinity maximum at 15% o, Temperature

ranging between 26 oC and 31 oC and transparency at different periods of the

year ranging from 0.92m to 10.1m. There is diversity of fin and shell fishes

in the creek. The common fishes include; Ethmalosa fimbriata, Gobioides

spp., Cynoglossus spp. and Pomadasys jubelini . The less aboundant species

are Pseudolithus spp., Tilapia spp., Mugil spp., Clarias gariepinus, Selene

dorsalis e.t.c. Ethmalosa Fimbriata is however the most aboundant species.



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Figure 1: Map of Lagos state showing the Badagry Creek

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LGA_Lagos.png



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LITERATURE REVIEW

Mullets form one of the important fisheries in estuaries and coastal waters of

the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the Sea. They are very successful as

a result of their feeding habits and the abundance of their food (Kurian,

1975).

Length-Weight relationship are a useful tool for fisheries research because

they allow the conversion of growth in length equation to growth-in weight

equation for use in stock assessment model, allows for the estimation of

biomass from length observation, allows an estimate of the condition of the

fish and are useful for between regions comparism of life histories of certain

species (Goncalves et al. 1996, Forse and Pauly 1998, Moutopoulos and

Stergious 2000)

Bagenal and Tesch (1978) noted that length and weight measurement in

conjunction with age of fish can give information on stock composition, ageat maturity, life span, mortality and reproduction. Peterson method of age

determination makes use of length-frequency analysis in determining age of

fish. This method is often used in tropical regions due to problem

encountered in determining age of fish using the hard part such as spines,

opercula, vertebrae and otolith. However this method never provides

absolute age estimates. Moreso, the length-frequency analysis require less

equipment as Fagade and Olaniyan (1972) in Nigeria used it in determining

the age of Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga fish). Based on the investigation of

King (1996) in the Imo-river estuary, Qua-Iboe estuary, Cross-river estuary

and Bonny estuary: the length-weight of L. falcipinnis range between 3.4-



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29.7cm (TL) the relationship being W = 0.0096 + 2.9550 log L. The length

range is similar to the works of Whenu et al. (2005) which reported that

maximum length of L. falcipinnis to be 25.1cm (TL) based on work carried

out on the Badagry creek this however further confirms Fischer et al. (1981)finding which stated that the maximum size of L. falcipinnis was at least

33cm (TL) but common to 25cm (TL). Albaret (1992) reports that the

maximum size of L. falcipinnis to be 41.0cm (FL) while Dankwa and Blay

(2005) reports maximum weight to be 262g.

The determination of fecundity has been on for several centuries by

naturalist, laymen and fisheries scientist due to studies on population

dynamics, racial characteristics, production and stock-recruitment problem.

Fecundity is the number of ripening eggs found in the female just prior to

spawning (Bagenal, 1978) while Lowe (1995) defined it as ‘the number of

young produced during the lifetime of an individual but this is impossible to

determine and hence not a satisfactory definition. Bagenal (1978) classified

the eggs found in the ovaries of most fish species into:

• Recruitment stock: Numerous and small, white and opaque

• Maturing eggs: Larger, opaque and laden with yolk and could be

yellow, orange or green.

• Artretic eggs: Matured eggs which for one reason or the other may be

completely resorbed.

Fecundity can be regarded as absolute i.e. normal fecundity, relative

(number of eggs per unit weight) and population (the sum of the absolute

fecundities of all the breeding females and so the number of eggs laid by a

population in one season). Fecundity estimation is important because it gives



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the number of individuals at the start of a new generation and this estimate is

the starting point of many production and population studies. The

determination could be done by stripping of the eggs, so that the parents are

not killed but Pope et al. (1961) described this method as not constant, theextraction of the ovary itself by dissecting the female and counting the eggs

is more satisfactory. Fecundity estimation could also be done by weighing

the ovary, counting the known weight of the eggs and estimating total

fecundity by proportion. Kipling and Frost (1969) used a complicated

method based on the total weight of the ovary. The total number of eggs was

estimated from a conversion diagram which gave number of eggs per gram

of ovary plotted against diameter of maturing eggs. The use of automatic egg

counter could also be employed (Parish, 1960) but must be tested with

known number of eggs. Blay and Eyeson (1982) made use of the Lowesoft

electric egg counter to estimate the fecundity of 35 matured female fish of

E. fimbriata .

Fecundity as described by Bagenal (1978) could be affected by length,weight and age of fish but the effect of both length and weight as been

regarded as being considerable compared to age based on the works of

Simpson (1951), Bagenal (1957a), Pitt (1968) and Terlecki (1973) on Esox

licius (pike). Bagenal (1978), conclusively stated that fecundity increases

with size of the fish with F = al b where F = fecundity, L = Fish length, a & b

= Constants. So larger fishes produce more eggs than smaller fish both

absolutely and relatively to body size.

Ergene (1998), working on L. ramada (thin-lip grey mullet) in the Akgol-

paradeniz lagoon (Goksu Delta, Turkey) estimated 234,720-435,265 eggs

with an average egg weight of 18.66g (Age III) - 41.25g (Age V). He is of



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the strong view that apart from length and weight, that egg number increases

with age. However, works of various authors does not tow this line; Greely

et al. (1987) working on Mugil cephalus in Florida estimates between

250,000 to 2,200,000 eggs in a single female at age 2.5, this is similar to thework of Thompson et al. (1991) whose investigation also on M. cephalus

obtained an estimate of between 270,000 to 3,600,000 eggs with maturity

size of 23.0cm(FL) at age 2. From the studies of this various authors;

influence of age on fecundity estimates tend to be inconsistent but increase

in fecundity with length and weigh is consistent with the observations made

in the fish samples.

The reproductive cycles of fishes are closely tied to environmental changes,

particularly seasonal change in light and temperature. The two factor are

often most important because they can act directly or through sense organs

or glands that produce hormones which in turn produce the appropriate

physiological or behavioural responses. This can be demonstrated by

examining the reproductive cycle of the long-jaw mudsucker ( Gillichthysmirabilis ) in San Francisco bay, California (DeVlaming 1972a, b, c).

Gonadal growth and development of fishes are classified basically into

maturity stages (Nikolsky, 1963a) which could be immature, ripening (I),

Ripening (II), Ripe and Spent. Whenu et al. (2005) classified the maturity

stages of L. falcipinnis as virgin, immature, ripening (I), Ripening (II), Ripe

and Spent. They also reported the ovaries of recently spawned (spent) fish to

be flaccid.

Peter and Joseph (2000) reported that mudsucker testes and ovaries develop

between late September and Mid-November although ovarian development

continues through early December. Gonads of both sexes regress abruptly



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through August and September. Laboratory studies show temperature to be

the primary environmental factor regulating reproductive cycle in

mudsuckers although photoperiods also play a role, other factors that can

affect gonad maturation includes water chemistry, low PH created by acid

rain which can cause severe problem as experienced by Rainbow trout

(Weiner et al. 1986). However, internal gonadal maturation processes are

regulated by the production of gonadotropic releasing hormone by the

hypothalamus and gonadotropic hormones by the anterior portion of the

pituitary gland (Neurohypophysis) (Peter and Joseph, 2000).



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MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens of L. falcipinnis were collected from Ojo axis (marked X in

Figure 1) of the Badagry creek . The specimens were then preserved in 10%

formalin (formaldehyde solution) prior to the labouratory analysis except

those meant for histology.

Morphometric study

Measurements of morphometric features of the specimens such as Total

length (T.L), Eye diameter (E.D), Head depth (H.D), Head length (H.L) and

body depth (B.D) were determined using a metre rule.

Length-Weight Relationship

Body weights of the specimens were determined using a weighing balance

(Harvard trip balance).The length-weight relationships was represented by;

W= a + bL

Where, W= weight of fish (g)

L= Total length of fish (mm)

a & b = Regression constant

The intercept (‘a') was expressed as;

a = [ ∑Y - (b ∑X)]n n

The Slope (‘b’) as:

∑XY - ( ∑X) ( ∑Y)b = n

∑X2 - (∑X) 2

n



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The Correlation coefficient (‘r’) as:

[∑XY - ( ∑XY) ( ∑Y)]2

|r| = n√ [∑X2 - (∑X) 2] [∑Y2 - (∑Y) 2]

n n

Where X= Length of fish

Y= Weight of fish

n= Number of Fish samples

The same data was converted to linear form by logarithm transformation

Log 10 W = a + b Log 10L

Length Frequency Distribution

The analysis of the length frequency data was done to study the size modal

distribution over the period of study. A histogram was then obtained from

this distribution.

Condition Factor (K)Fulton’s condition factor (K) obtained for both sexes was expressed as

K = 100W

L3

Where: W= Weight of fish (g)

L= Length of fish (mm)

This factor was used to compare the condition, fatness or well-being of both

sexes of specimens in each month



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Reproductive Biology

The fecundity estimates, gonad morphology and development of

L.falcipinnis were carried out on fresh specimens. It was undertaken on the

basis of the study of Blay and Eyeson (1982). Sexes were determined bymacroscopic examination of gonads. Chi-square (X 2) test was used to

determine the statistical relationship between male and females.

Fecundity Estimates

For the determination of the fecundity, female specimens with ovary

containing clearly discernable eggs were considered to be ripe (stage IV and

V) were selected. The ovary was removed with forceps and the gonad

weight was determined separately.

Gonads were placed in Gilson fluid (100ml of 60% alcohol, 850ml of water,

15ml of 80% HNO 3, 18ml of glacial acetic acids and 20ml of mercuric

chlorides) for 7 days. Ovary was then washed several times with clean water

to free eggs from ovarian tissues. The volumetric method of fecundity

estimation was used. Eggs were put in a measuring cylinder and made up to

a known volume with water. Subsamples were then taken by shaking the

container until all the eggs were evenly distributed through the water in the

measuring cylinder, a subsample of known volume was withdrawn with a

pipette of known volume, and the number of eggs was determined.

Fecundity was then determined with the formula;



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F= nV/v

Where, F = Fecundity

n= number of eggs in the subsample

V = Volume to which total number of eggs where made up

v = Volume of subsample.

Gonadosomatic Index

This was expressed as a percentage of Gonad weight to body weight for the

freshly collected fish specimen. Thus,

GSI= GW x 100%BW

Where, GW= Gonad weight

BW= Body weight

Sex Ratio

The Sex ratio of male to female specimens for each month was determined

and tested statistically by chi-square (X 2) method as well as for the fresh

samples. Thus,

n∑ (O-E) 2

i=1 E

Where, O = ObservableE = Expected

Gonad Morphology and development

Gonad tissues of specimens with different maturation stages were fixed in

Bouins’ fluid. Various percentage of alcohol were used in dehydration of the

tissues, before being cleared in xylene and impregnated in paraffin wax at



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50-60 oC, section were cut with a microtome at 10µm thick and placed on

glass slides. Slides were cleared in xylene, hydrated in various concentration

of alcohol and finally stained with heamatoxylene and eosin and mounted in

DPX. Observation of Gonads was done under binocular microscopemounted with camera and photographs taken to observe various stages of

gonad development.



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RESULTS

Specimens caught from the Badagry creek during the period of study were

classified into 3 groups i.e. immature, males and females

Immature

The size of immature specimens of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek varied

between 115mm and 176mm (mean=147.83±12.28mm) total length and

body weight measurements of 12g-46.2g (mean= 25.66±6.24g). The Length-

weight relationship of this group is presented in Figure 2 and expressed as;

W=-33.41+0.3L (n=118, r=0.78)

The linear transformation of the length-weight relationship of this group ispresented in Figure 3 and expressed as;

LogW=-3.63+2.31LogL (n=118, r=0.79)



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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Lenght (mm)

W e i g h

t ( g )

n=118b=0.40

a=-33.41|r|=0.78

Figure 2: Scatter diagram of length-Weight Relationship of Immature

Specimens of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria



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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.05 2.1 2.15 2.2 2.25 2.3

Log L

L o g

W

LogW=-3.63+2.31LogL(r=0.79)

Figure 3 : The Log Transformation of Immature specimens of Length-Weight

relationship of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria



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Males

The total length measurements of male specimens of L. falcipinnis in the

Badagry creek, ranged from 100-227mm (mean=172.30±23.46mm) and

13.2-142.9g (mean=45.47g±19.85g) body weight. The length-weightrelationship is presented in Figure 4 and expressed as;

W=-75.61+0.70L (n=153, r=0.83)

The linear transformation of the length-weight relationship of this group is

presented in Figure 5 and expressed as;

LogW=-3.91+2.48LogL (n=153, r=0.87)



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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Lenght (mm)

W e i g

h t ( g )

n=153b=0.70a=-75.31|r|=0.83

Figure 4: Scatter diagram showing the Length-Weight relationship of Male

L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria



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0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

2.25

2.5

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75Log L

L o g

W

LogW=-3.91+2.48LogL(r=0.87)

Figure 5 : The Log Transformation of Length-Weight relationship of Male




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Females

Female specimens of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek varied between 121

and 260mm (mean=176.98±28.12mm) total length with body weight

measurements of between 17.8g and 241g (mean 53.03±32.9g). The length-weight relationship is presented in Figure 6 and expressed as;

W=-114.41+0.95L (n=173, r=0.81)

The linear transformation of the length-weight relationship is presented in

Figure 7 and expressed as;

LogW=-4.85+2.91LogL (n=173, r=0.89)



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0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Length (mm)

W e i g

h t ( g )

n=173b=0.95a=-114.41r=0.81

Figure 6 : Scatter diagram showing the Length-Weight Relationship of female




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0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Length (mm)

W e i g

h t ( g )

LogW=-4.89+2.91LogL(r=0.89)

Figure 7: The Log Transformation of Length-Weight relationship of female




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The growth relationship from the Figures 2,3,4,56,7 presented was positively

allometric. High correlation values of b=2.31, 2.48 and 2.91 for immature,

male and female respectively was near isometric (b=3.0). This indicates that

the fish became lighter for its length as it grows. High regression coefficientvalues of r=0.79,0.87 and 0.89 respectively for immature, male and females

is an indication that the increase in total length of the species gave a

corresponding increase in body weight, however it was noted that there was

a higher value of b and r values among females than immature and male

specimen.



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Length Frequency Distribution

The length of male specimens ranged between 100m and 227mm with a

mean of 172.30±23.46mm, while female specimen was between 121mm and

260mm with a mean of 176.98±28.12mm



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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Mean Length Class (mm)

% F

r e q u e n c y

109.5 129.5 149.5 169.5 189.5 209.5 229.5 249.5 269.5 289.5

Figure 8: Histogram of Length-Frequency distribution of L. falcipinnis in

Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria



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Condition factor (K)

The mean condition (K) factor of specimen is presented in Table 1.The

Condition (K) factor of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek varies in

immature, male and female specimens.Immature specimens with size range from 115-176mm were observed to

have a condition factor ranging from 5.1x10 -4 - 1.1x10 -3

(7.91x10 -4±7.3x10 -5), Male specimens with size range between 100-227mm

were shown to have a condition factor (K) ranging from 4.9x10 -4 - 2.4x10 -3

(mean=8.67x10 -4±5.9x10 -5) while female specimens with size range between

121-260mm had a condition factor ranging from 6.1x10 -4 - 1.3x10 -3 (mean=

9.7x10 -4±1.4x10 -4). The result indicates that female specimens of

L. falcipinnis have a higher condition factor than males.



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Table 1: Condition factor (K) of Immature, Male and Female specimens

of L. falcipinnis in Badagry creek Lagos, Nigeria

SexTotal length

(mm)Number ofspecimens Range of K-Values

Mean K-Values

Immature 115-176 115 5.1x10 -4 - 1.1x10 -3 7.9x10 -4

male 100-227 153 4.9x10 -4 - 2.4x10 -3 8.7x10 -4

Female 121-260 173 6.1x10 -4 - 1.3x10 -3 9.7x10 -4



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Fecundity Estimates

One (1) female specimen (200.2 body weight) in its ripe/running (V) stage

was examined. It was estimated to have 164,027eggs.

Gonadosomatic Index

In the Badagry creek, the GSI values of males ranged between 0.12 and

0.77% with a mean value of 0.30±0.30%. Female specimen GSI values

ranged from 0.07% to 6.52% with a mean value 0.70±1.42% was obtained.

The Length-Gonad weight relationships in both sexes of L. falcipinnis in the

Badagry creek is presented in figures 9 and 10



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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

total length (mm)

g o n a d w e i g

h t ( g )

GW=9.30-0.0028TL(n=20, r=-0.25)

Figure 9: Scatter diagram showing the length-Gonad weight relationship of female

L. falcipinnis in Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria



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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

total length (mm)

g o n a d w e i g

h t ( g )

GW=-0.76+0.005TL(n=10, r=0.70)

Figure 10: Scatter diagram showing the length-Gonad weight relationship of

Male L. falcipinnis in Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria



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The regression coefficient (r) differed with sex. Males (r=0.70) have a high

value which indicates that there is an increase in gonad weight with

corresponding increase in length, but for female specimens a negative

coefficient was obtained (r=-0.25) thus indicating that the females gonadweight was not increasing with increasing length.



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Sex Ratio

Altogether, 444 specimens of L. falcipinnis were collected from the Ojo axis

of the Badagry creek, 153 were males and 173 were females giving a sex

ratio of 1male:1.13female. The calculated Chi(X2) square on the sex ratio

gave a value of 50.46 which is highly significant at 5% level of significance.

The monthly sex ratio as indicated in Table 2 showed that females were

more than males except in July 2006, February 2007, May 2007 and June

2007 when 1:1 sex ratio was recorded. The highest sex ratio of 1:2.3 (male:

female) was recorded in August 2006. Statistically X 2 value of sex ratio was

significantly different in August and September (2006), May and June

(2007).



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Table 2: Monthly Sex ratio and Chi (X 2) square of L. falcipinnis in

Badagry creek Lagos, Nigeria (P ≤ 0.05)

Year MonthNo. of

SpecimensNo. of

femalesNo. ofmales Sex ratio X2

2006 July 49 14 25 1:1.8 4.6August 45 16 7 2.3:1 12.64September 46 17 12 1.4:1 6.76October 52 21 20 1.1:1 2.344November 29 13 11 1.2:1 0.999December 34 19 12 1.6:1 1.7

2007 January 25 13 10 1.3:1 1.3February 24 10 12 1:1.2 0.33March 22 11 9 1.2:1 0.38May 32 6 8 1.3:1 10.25June 42 13 13 1:1 6.08July 44 20 14 1.4:1 3.18



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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Sickle-fin mullet, L. falcipinnis were grouped into Immature, males and

females in the Badagry creek with size ranging from 100-260mm total

length and 12g- 241g body weight. There were variations in the size among

the three (3) groups viz; Immature, 115-176mm; Males, 100-227mm and

females 121-260mm TL. The larger size in females is an indication that

females attained higher growth and maturity before males. The maximum

size of matured L. falcipinnis studied was 260mm TL, this does not deviate

much from Whenu et al. (2005) which stated that the maximum size of

L. falcipnnis was 25.1cm and Fischer et al. (1981) who stated that commonsizes of L. falcipinnis was 25cm. Allometry and near Isometric growth of

b=2.31 for Immature, 2.48 for males and 2.91 for females indicated that the

weight of fish in this group were not too much for their body length (feebly

compressed) similar to the works of Grant et al. (1977) who reported same

for the Australian mullet. A positive correlation of r=0.79 for immature 0.87

for males and 0.89 for females indicated a strong relationship between total

length and body weight measurements of the fish i.e. there is an increase in

body weight with corresponding increase in length. These are however well

explained by the scattered diagrams in Figures 2, 3,4,5,6 and 7 which were

shown for all groups.

The length frequency distribution showed that small, medium and large sizes

of the fish were available in the creeks. However, sampling was dominated

by medium size between 150-230mm TL. The size with highest distribution

was between 149-170mm TL. From the length distribution chart only one

(1) peak was attained indicating the age of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry

creek to be +1.



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Condition factor (K) during the period of study males and females were

observed to have lowest condition factor (K) between June and October

2006, this could indicate period of reproduction when accumulated fat as

being used up as a result of spawning (Braga and Gemeni filho 1990), whilehigher values of K was observed between October 2006 and March 2007

when feeding would have resumed and gradual increase in accumulated fat,

suggesting preparation for a new reproductive period (Braga and Gemeni

filho 1988). The condition factor (K) of L.falcipinnis is similar to Fafioye

and Oluajo (2005) whose work on Chrysichthys walkeri , E. fimbriata and I.

africana in the Epe lagoon had likewise result, however this values are lesser

than values (2.9 to 4.8) documented by Bagenal and Tesch (1978) for mature

fresh water fish fresh body weight.

Fecundity estimates of 164,027 eggs for the specimen with 200.2g BW and

271 (TL). This is similar to Abou-seedo and Dadzie (2004) who had an

estimate of 88,896-185,929 when working on specimens of Klunzinger

mullet L. klunzigeri (180-220mm total length) in Kuwait. The

Gonadosomatic index of L. falcipinnis obtained from fresh specimens from

the Badagry creek indicated females had a higher GSI. Lawson (1999)

whose study on Periophthalmus papilio (mudsuckers) in the Lagos lagoon

observed higher GSI values for females than males. The sex ratio of L.

falcipinnis in the Badagry creek of 1.13females:1 male shows little

difference (P ≤0.05) from our expected value of 1female:1male. The worksof Whenu et al. (2005) and Silva and da Silva (1981) on L. falcipinnis also

indicated a ratio 1.25female:1male and 1female:1male respectively.



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The low Condition value of L. falcipinnis in the Badagry creek compared to

other freshwater indicates the water body may be unfavourable to fishes in

it. Therefore study of physico-chemical parameters of Badagry creek to

further analyze its sustainability is recommended. In conclusion, thecomposition of both sexes gave better over-view of Length-weight

relationship for the specie. The freshwater of Badagry creek produced fish of

lower b value, which may be attributed to pollution status or anthropogenic

activities that occur in it.



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REFERENCES

Abou-Seedo and Dadzie (2004): Reproductive cycle in the male and female

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41

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42

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43

APPENDIX I: FORMAT ON THE ASPECTS OF BIOLOGY OF FISHSPECIES

1 (a) Name of species……………………………….(b) Tag No. …………………………

2 Taxonomy, Racial study, Age determination and growth patterns(i) Eye diameter (ED)………………………mm(ii) Head length (HL)………………………..mm(iii) Head depth (HD)………………………..mm(iv) Body depth (BD)………………………..mm(v) Total length (TL)………………………..mm(vi) Body weight (BD)……………………….g

3. Reproductive biology(i) Sex: M/F ………………………….(ii) Gonad weight …………………….g(iii) Gonadosomatic index……………………..%(iv) Fecundity …………………………eggs(v) Maturity stage …………………….(vi) Oocyte diameter…………………..mm



44

APPENDIX II : Showing the Morphometric data, length, weight and sex of specimens

TAG. NO E.D (MM) H.L (MM) H.D (MM) B.D (MM) T.L (MM) B.D (g) SEX1 9 35 27 42 195 60 F

2 10 40 45 45 220 83.3 F3 8 37 30 40 194 57.9 M4 7 35 27 37 190 52.2 M5 8 27 25 37 185 50.4 F6 10 35 27 44 180 70.8 F7 11 40 30 45 215 80 F8 8 32 23 38 178 49.5 M9 8 27 26 35 150 33.6 F

10 8 27 28 36 168 33.9 M11 8 35 28 37 171 46.7 M12 8 35 26 37 190 53.4 F13 9 35 27 35 171 42.5 M14 7 26 25 32 170 42.2 F

15 9 37 28 39 290 73.3 M16 8 23 26 33 174 40.7 F17 9 37 28 45 200 57.8 M18 8 34 27 38 175 47 M19 9 38 30 43 205 63.9 M20 9 38 27 38 181 48.9 M21 8 30 26 36 175 40 M22 8 30 25 33 167 30.4 I23 9 31 24 36 170 32 I24 8 32 26 36 171 43.6 M25 7 27 28 29 162 25 I26 9 31 25 34 161 40.5 M27 7 30 25 32 165 35.8 M

28 8 31 25 33 161 35 I29 8 30 25 34 174 33.5 F30 8 31 25 33 178 33.9 M31 8 30 25 34 170 34.5 F32 8 26 24 34 152 30.7 I33 7 30 24 33 155 33.5 M34 8 27 24 32 167 31.2 F35 7 30 25 33 159 34.5 M36 7 29 24 33 152 23.8 I37 7 26 23 30 146 23.4 F38 8 29 25 32 156 31.6 I39 8 28 24 33 157 35.8 M40 8 27 25 31 156 32.4 F

41 7 27 23 30 147 32.3 M42 7 28 23 31 150 24.9 I43 7 28 23 32 151 25.3 M44 7 28 24 34 167 41.9 M45 8 28 25 32 159 34.4 M46 7 31 25 35 162 34.7 I47 7 29 23 32 148 24.8 M48 7 29 24 32 159 36.2 I49 8 32 25 33 160 36.8 M50 8 32 30 33 179 46.8 F



45

51 6 30 26 33 153 37.2 F52 7 35 26 35 181 45.4 F53 7 27 23 32 152 26.5 I54 7 30 26 32 140 34 F55 6 25 21 30 137 22 I56 7 21 25 33 163 34.3 I

57 8 27 25 44 155 32.2 M58 7 29 24 29 140 25.4 I59 8 28 25 33 145 35.3 F60 8 30 24 30 146 35.7 I61 7 27 23 31 144 22.5 M62 7 30 25 36 166 33.3 I63 8 30 26 34 158 33.7 I64 8 31 26 36 167 35.4 F65 7 29 23 31 157 24.1 I66 7 30 24 33 158 33.1 I67 8 28 24 32 159 35.1 F68 8 29 25 32 138 26.6 I69 7 31 26 34 163 35.6 M

70 8 28 25 31 141 35.6 F71 8 30 31 37 170 38.3 F72 6 24 19 27 133 12 I73 9 34 29 37 172 34.7 M74 9 31 27 35 162 32.4 M75 8 32 27 34 155 32.4 F76 7 27 23 32 143 25.3 I77 7 31 26 33 158 32.6 F78 8 30 24 31 148 28.2 I79 7 27 23 29 141 22.5 I80 8 29 23 29 141 22.7 I81 8 27 22 29 141 22.7 I82 9 35 29 40 189 56.7 F

83 7 27 24 29 141 24.3 F84 9 33 26 35 160 46.3 F85 8 31 28 36 170 36.7 I86 7 27 28 29 142 24.6 I87 7 30 25 35 156 32.8 F88 7 30 25 32 137 26.1 I89 7 27 24 30 130 14.9 I90 8 27 25 32 140 25.3 I91 7 20 23 30 161 22.7 I92 8 32 27 30 151 38.2 F93 8 29 27 33 168 35.8 M94 7 30 36 34 151 40.1 M95 8 32 25 33 170 35.9 F

96 9 F 32 44 220 73.1 M97 7 31 26 30 149 33.4 F98 7 29 24 32 151 32 M99 7 31` 29 39 177 57.2 F

100 9 40 30 44 222 86.5 F101 9 42 29 400 196 76.5 F102 10 44 37 43 237 137.5 F103 9 38 33 44 229 98.6 F104 8 33 25 35 162 37.3 F105 8 29 22 29 150 22.9 I



46

106 7 21 23 22 150 24.1 I107 7 27 29 30 159 26.9 I108 8 31 27 36 176 45.8 M109 7 30 23 31 153 28.8 I110 10 44 35 46 227 119.8 F111 9 28 29 28 190 78.5 F

112 7 28 24 33 157 25.6 I113 10 40 32 42 210 77.9 M114 7 29 25 33 161 26.8 I115 12 49 35 47 253 134.8 F116 6 22 19 25 119 14.3 I117 7 21 22 27 139 13.7 I118 6 22 22 29 130 15.4 I119 7 25 22 28 138 15.5 I120 8 31 27 34 165 26.4 M121 8 21 25 32 139 32.6 F122 8 30 26 32 151 34.6 M123 6 29 24 28 144 24.5 I124 6 25 24 28 132 16.3 I

125 9 26 22 34 158 241 F126 7 30 23 31 153 28.9 I127 9 40 30 45 212 78.1 M128 8 29 25 34 162 27.2 I129 9 39 32 43 220 78.7 F130 9 27 29 34 192 81.2 F131 7 29 23 32 155 30.2 I132 10 44 35 46 227 118.7 M133 8 31 28 36 180 45.8 M134 7 21 24 33 151 25.2 I135 8 29 22 34 151 23.9 M136 8 32 24 36 166 38.2 M137 7 28 23 32 151 25.3 I

138 7 28 24 34 167 41.9 F139 8 28 25 32 159 34.4 F140 7 31 25 35 162 34.7 M141 6 21 21 23 140 19.4 I142 6 24 22 23 141 30.6 M143 7 28 23 27 144 26.5 I144 6 24 21 27 136 24.7 F145 8 28 25 28 151 34.6 M146 6 24 22 27 127 16.1 I147 8 29 25 34 161 26.5 F148 6 24 22 27 127 16.1 I149 8 29 25 34 161 26.5 F150 8 30 25 33 166 42.4 F

151 6 21 18 23 116 13.2 M152 7 30 24 34 161 36 M153 7 32 25 35 176 43.2 M153 8 31 27 35 175 42.2 F154 7 30 25 32 165 35 M156 7 32 27 33 168 35.8 F157 7 28 25 32 159 33.8 M158 7 29 25 34 165 33.8 M159 7 28 24 29 152 22 F160 7 21 23 32 100 24.2 M



47

161 8 20 18 31 141 22.1 F162 7 28 24 33 151 23.4 F163 7 29 26 34 160 25.9 F164 9 40 30 44 220 80.1 F165 8 29 26 32 159 30.2 M166 8 31 26 37 177 46.7 F

167 8 32 28 35 161 36.4 M168 7 30 26 36 163 38.7 F169 7 29 24 34 158 28 I170 7 28 24 32 160 36.2 M171 7 23 18 30 157 31 M172 6 19 14 25 125 18.1 F173 7 20 17 30 149 24.1 M174 7 22 18 31 152 22.9 F175 7 21 17 29 134 19.2 I176 6 22 19 28 148 21.2 M177 6 22 18 30 155 23 M178 9 26 22 34 158 24.1 F179 7 23 19 27 121 17.8 F

180 7 21 16 26 118 17.8 M181 8 28 24 33 149 22 I182 7 20 16 24 115 16.5 I183 8 27 23 32 142 19.5 I184 7 24 20 31 142 18.7 I185 7 24 19 30 138 20.2 M186 6 22 22 24 141 19.2 F187 7 23 20 27 139 20.1 F188 7 21 17 22 137 18.3 I189 8 28 24 33 160 32.2 F190 6 20 16 23 140 30.4 M191 7 22 17 25 142 28.5 F192 7 22 18 25 141 27.6 M

193 7 36 32 33 189 79 M194 7 31 28 38 173 45.6 M195 8 37 32 42 221 76.3 F196 8 34 32 41 184 69.8 F197 8 33 27 38 170 45.7 F198 11 46 37 44 225 142.9 M199 7 29 25 30 151 32.3 I200 6 3 27 35 153 42 F201 9 41 31 39 220 83.9 M202 8 32 29 40 189 58.5 M203 7 31 29 39 176 47.3 M204 8 35 29 31 185 56.5 F205 8 30 29 35 161 45.9 F

206 10 39 32 43 213 115.9 F207 8 30 24 34 157 42.1 M208 7 28 24 34 164 35.4 M209 12 49 35 46 226 123.8 M210 7 30 27 35 173 43 M211 8 32 33 43 188 67.3 M212 9 39 33 48 220 100.9 F213 7 28 23 27 145 27.5 I214 8 29 26 35 162 27.5 I215 7 28 25 32 160 32.7 F



48

216 6 24 22 26 137 25.7 I217 8 31 25 33 167 41.6 F218 7 29 24 33 160 33.4 F219 8 40 31 43 221 81 F220 7 21 18 31 150 26.2 F221 9 26 22 34 158 24.1 I

222 8 33 26 35 165 43.4 F223 11 44 34 44 230 116.9 F224 7 42 29 40 170 43.8 M225 8 31 28 37 171 43.8 F226 8 32 29 37 198 78.6 F227 7 34 28 38 180 52.5 F228 8 31 27 35 178 51.9 F229 7 32 31 85 167 41.9 M230 8 29 26 32 153 42.6 F231 8 29 26 35 161 36.1 F232 7 30 24 34 162 36 M233 7 28 25 38 154 27.8 F234 7 22 18 31 152 24.2 I

235 7 29 24 35 160 29.2 F236 7 20 18 31 141 22.3 I237 8 32 26 38 176 45.2 I238 8 25 21 33 158 26.1 F239 8 30 29 36 161 45.9 F240 7 30 28 36 173 44 M241 7 36 32 33 170 44 M242 6 31 26 33 176 39.4 M243 6 31 26 33 165 34.8 M244 7 31 27 33 169 30.4 F245 7 32 28 36 176 46.5 F246 8 42 31 41 204 65.3 M247 7 31 28 31 163 36.3 M

248 7 34 28 38 175 45 M249 9 34 29 40 177 68 F250 8 32 26 35 167 51.8 M251 9 44 36 46 232 141 F252 8 38 27 34 166 45.7 M253 8 32 27 36 176 46 F254 8 28 26 36 164 44 F255 7 29 27 34 165 31.3 F256 9 39 32 49 222 99.2 F257 7 25 23 27 145 27.5 I258 8 29 25 36 163 30.5 M259 7 29 24 33 161 32.8 F260 6 24 20 26 135 25.8 I

261 8 31 26 34 170 41.8 F262 7 30 24 34 161 33.6 M263 8 39 32 45 212 81 F264 7 21 18 31 150 28.2 M265 8 27 22 35 160 26.2 F266 8 30 29 36 171 43.8 F267 8 41 29 40 172 43.8 F268 9 40 34 44 205 94.2 M268 8 33 27 36 166 43.4 M370 8 32 29 38 172 43.9 F



49

271 7 34 29 39 181 53.5 F272 7 32 31 36 166 41.9 M273 8 30 26 32 154 41.6 M274 8 30 27 36 162 39.2 F275 8 31 25 35 163 38 F276 7 28 25 30 154 27.8 M

277 8 32 25 34 165 37.2 F278 8 36 32 46 209 84 M279 9 35 31 44 209 83.2 M280 8 35 30 43 200 67.2 F281 9 38 29 41 192 81.4 M281 8 31 25 33 169 44.8 M283 8 31 24 30 159 34.2 M284 8 38 32 45 212 84 F285 7 28 27 35 168 31.7 M286 8 29 27 36 162 47 F287 8 32 27 37 180 47.2 F288 8 39 28 35 167 46.8 F289 7 23 19 30 153 25.2 I

290 7 21 19 32 143 23.2 I291 7 24 22 34 160 26.4 M292 8 32 26 39 176 45.2 F293 7 30 28 37 175 44.2 M294 7 36 32 30 170 45.1 M295 6 31 26 34 177 38.4 M296 7 29 27 33 168 30.4 M297 7 31 27 35 176 47.5 F298 9 45 37 47 235 151 F299 8 32 27 36 168 51.9 M300 9 35 30 41 181 68.5 M301 7 34 28 38 175 45 F302 7 31 29 32 165 37.5 F

303 8 42 32 40 205 65.5 M304 7 32 29 35 177 47.5 F305 8 30 27 30 170 43.6 F306 7 30 26 35 164 43 M307 8 39 30 43 194 62.3 F308 9 39 30 42 218 82.4 M309 7 31 26 37 173 45.6 F310 8 30 25 36 164 35.4 I311 7 36 31 34 190 79 M312 8 32 27 37 178 46.2 F313 8 35 33 40 192 68.3 M314 7 30 26 36 159 39.2 M315 7 29 28 36 154 43 F

316 8 32 29 41 190 59.2 M317 7 30 29 38 176.2 48.3 F318 8 36 29 38 190 57.5 F319 8 31 29 36 171 46.7 F320 9 39 32 44 218 116.7 F321 8 21 24 33 167 42.1 F322 7 27 24 35 165 36.4 M323 7 30 27 36 173 43 M324 8 32 33 43 189 67.3 M325 9 38 34 45 219 101.2 F



50

326 7 23 18 26 142 28.6 I327 7 21 18 26 142 28.7 F328 8 28 24 33 161 33.4 M329 7 21 18 27 138 19.2 I330 7 23 20 28 138 21.2 I331 7 25 21 32 144 20.2 I

332 8 26 22 33 145 20.3 I333 7 20 17 25 121 18.2 I334 8 28 24 34 151 23.1 I335 7 21 16 27 120 17.2 I336 7 22 18 27 122 18.4 I337 9 25 21 33 160 25.1 I338 7 22 18 30 157 23 I339 7 22 19 28 148 21.2 I340 7 21 18 29 134 19.1 I341 8 23 19 28 150 23.1 I342 8 31 25 33 169 42.8 M343 7 41 29 46 189 43.8 M344 7 34 27 37 182 52.5 F

345 7 32 31 35 167 49 M346 8 31 25 35 163 37.2 F347 6 20 17 24 140 20.5 I348 7 30 24 33 168 38.1 M349 7 31 24 34 177 43.1 F350 8 29 24 32 165 42.8 M351 7 32 28 37 185 46.5 M352 7 28 24 35 166 34.7 M353 7 28 23 31 153 24.1 I354 7 29 24 32 150 30 F355 6 18 13 26 122 17.9 I356 7 22 18 31 153 23.8 I357 7 21 17 29 132 19.2 I

358 8 28 24 33 145 28.6 F359 7 23 19 30 144 23.7 I360 7 24 19 29 140 21.3 I361 6 21 18 30 149 22.1 I362 7 22 18 31 153 26.9 M363 7 21 17 30 149 25.1 I364 8 22 17 29 160 32 F365 7 23 19 32 153 22.8 I366 7 21 18 29 141 21.2 I367 7 22 17 28 150 26.2 I368 7 29 25 33 162 34.8 M369 7 28 25 35 160 30.1 F370 7 29 25 35 164 39.7 M

371 8 31 27 34 168 36.4 M372 8 30 27 38 180 47.2 F373 8 28 25 31 160 31.2 I374 9 39 29 43 221 81.2 F375 7 28 25 33 160 27.9 I376 7 27 23 32 152 25.7 I377 8 20 18 29 142 23.2 I378 7 22 24 33 152 26.2 I379 7 34 29 40 181 47.8 M380 8 34 28 41 194 57.1 F



51

381 7 32 25 32 168 47 M382 8 35 30 40 185 44.7 M383 7 31 25 35 159 35 I384 8 36 30 41 195 67.2 M385 8 39 32 42 206 43 M386 7 34 29 38 173 46.4 I

387 9 37 31 41 202 77.1 F388 7 31 27 37 168 38.9 I389 7 34 29 38 184 46.5 M390 7 33 29 37 177 45.9 M391 8 31 26 34 174 36.8 F392 9 32 29 42 224 72.2 M393 7 31 26 30 150 34.2 F394 8 30 25 33 161 34 M39 5 7 31 28 38 179 60.2 F396 8 41 31 45 231 90.2 F397 10 44 37 43 251 140.2 F398 9 37 32 43 230 99.2 F399 8 32 25 36 170 38.2 F

400 8 30 23 34 161 23.9 I401 9 33 26 37 181 42.8 F402 9 31 28 39 200 81.2 M403 8 30 25 34 150 34.8 F404 7 30 25 33 152 36.1 M405 8 31 29 40 180 57.4 F406 9 39 29 45 230 89.2 F407 9 40 30 45 212 78.1 F408 8 29 25 34 162 27.2 I409 9 39 32 43 220 78.7 M410 9 27 29 34 192 81.2 F411 7 29 23 32 155 30.2 M412 10 44 35 46 227 118.7 F

413 8 31 28 36 180 45.8 M414 7 21 24 33 151 25.2 I415 8 29 22 34 151 23.9 I416 8 32 24 36 166 38.2 M417 9 37 32 45 230 99.2 F418 9 44 37 46 238 140.1 F419 7 31 28 38 178 57.2 F420 7 28 24 33 161 32.1 M421 7 30 27 34 151 33.5 F422 11 48 35 54 260 138.7 F423 7 24 22 28 134 17.2 I424 6 28 24 32 150 24.4 I425 8 29 26 33 152 35.7 M

426 7 27 25 32 140 32.7 F427 7 30 27 34 166 27.2 I428 7 25 22 28 140 15.7 I429 8 32 30 33 181 47.2 M430 6 30 26 33 156 38.1 I431 7 35 26 37 182 45.4 F432 7 26 23 31 154 27.5 I433 7 29 26 33 142 34.2 F434 7 26 25 32 164 34.3 F435 8 26 25 32 159 32.4 F



52

436 7 30 25 34 143 26.2 I437 8 28 25 34 146 36.2 M438 7 29 24 33 147 36.7 F439 7 30 25 36 167 33.4 M440 9 44 36 46 231 142 F441 8 31 25 34 168 53.2 M

442 8 41 31 45 206 69.1 M443 7 30 28 34 170 32.2 F444 7 36 32 40 181 42.1 M

Note: E.D- Eye DiameterH.L- Head lengthH.D- Head depthB.D- Body depthT.L- Total lengthB.W- Body weight

F.E- Fecundity EstimateGSI- Gonadosomatic indexG.W- Gonad Weight



53

Appendix III : Showing Length- Frequency data

n Length Class Interval Frequency % Frequency Mean Length1 100-119 5 1.13 109.52 120-139 30 6.76 129.5

3 140-159 143 32.21 149.54 160-179 165 37.16 169.55 180-199 46 10.36 189.56 200-219 22 4.95 209.57 220-239 29 6.53 229.58 240-259 2 0.45 249.59 260-279 1 0.23 269.5

10 280-299 1 0.23 289.5



54

Appendix IV : Showing the Length-Weight and linear transformation of

Length-Weight of Female specimens

Tag no X (l) (mm) Y (w) (g) SEX Log (X) Log (Y)1 195 60 F 2.290035 1.778151

2 220 83.3 F 2.342423 1.9206453 185 50.4 F 2.267172 1.7024314 180 70.8 F 2.255273 1.8500335 215 80 F 2.332438 1.903096 150 33.6 F 2.176091 1.5263397 190 53.4 F 2.278754 1.7275418 170 42.2 F 2.230449 1.6253129 174 40.7 F 2.240549 1.609594

10 174 33.5 F 2.240549 1.52504511 170 34.5 F 2.230449 1.53781912 167 31.2 F 2.222716 1.494155

13 146 23.4 F 2.164353 1.36921614 156 32.4 F 2.193125 1.51054515 179 46.8 F 2.252853 1.67024616 153 37.2 F 2.184691 1.57054317 181 45.4 F 2.257679 1.65705618 140 34 F 2.146128 1.53147919 145 35.3 F 2.161368 1.54777520 167 35.4 F 2.222716 1.54900321 159 35.1 F 2.201397 1.54530722 141 35.6 F 2.149219 1.5514523 170 38.3 F 2.230449 1.58319924 155 32.4 F 2.190332 1.510545

25 158 32.6 F 2.198657 1.51321826 189 56.7 F 2.276462 1.75358327 141 24.3 F 2.149219 1.38560628 160 46.3 F 2.20412 1.66558129 156 32.8 F 2.193125 1.51587430 151 38.2 F 2.178977 1.58206331 170 35.9 F 2.230449 1.55509432 149 33.4 F 2.173186 1.52374633 177 57.2 F 2.247973 1.75739634 222 86.5 F 2.346353 1.93701635 196 76.5 F 2.292256 1.88366136 237 137.5 F 2.374748 2.13830337 229 98.6 F 2.359835 1.99387738 162 37.3 F 2.209515 1.57170939 227 119.8 F 2.356026 2.07845740 190 78.5 F 2.278754 1.8948741 253 134.8 F 2.403121 2.1296942 139 32.6 F 2.143015 1.51321843 158 241 F 2.198657 2.38201744 220 78.7 F 2.342423 1.895975



55

45 192 81.2 F 2.283301 1.90955646 167 41.9 F 2.222716 1.62221447 159 34.4 F 2.201397 1.53655848 136 24.7 F 2.133539 1.39269749 161 26.5 F 2.206826 1.42324650 161 26.5 F 2.206826 1.42324651 166 42.4 F 2.220108 1.62736652 175 42.2 F 2.243038 1.62531253 168 35.8 F 2.225309 1.55388354 152 22 F 2.181844 1.34242355 141 22.1 F 2.149219 1.34439256 151 23.4 F 2.178977 1.36921657 160 25.9 F 2.20412 1.413358 220 80.1 F 2.342423 1.90363359 177 46.7 F 2.247973 1.66931760 163 38.7 F 2.212188 1.58771161 125 18.1 F 2.09691 1.257679

62 152 22.9 F 2.181844 1.35983563 158 24.1 F 2.198657 1.38201764 121 17.8 F 2.082785 1.2504265 141 19.2 F 2.149219 1.28330166 139 20.1 F 2.143015 1.30319667 160 32.2 F 2.20412 1.50785668 142 28.5 F 2.152288 1.45484569 221 76.3 F 2.344392 1.88252570 184 69.8 F 2.264818 1.84385571 170 45.7 F 2.230449 1.65991672 153 42 F 2.184691 1.62324973 185 56.5 F 2.267172 1.75204874 161 45.9 F 2.206826 1.66181375 213 115.9 F 2.32838 2.06408376 220 100.9 F 2.342423 2.00389177 160 32.7 F 2.20412 1.51454878 167 41.6 F 2.222716 1.61909379 160 33.4 F 2.20412 1.52374680 221 81 F 2.344392 1.90848581 150 26.2 F 2.176091 1.41830182 165 43.4 F 2.217484 1.6374983 230 116.9 F 2.361728 2.06781584 171 43.8 F 2.232996 1.641474

85 198 78.6 F 2.296665 1.89542386 180 52.5 F 2.255273 1.72015987 178 51.9 F 2.25042 1.71516788 153 42.6 F 2.184691 1.6294189 161 36.1 F 2.206826 1.55750790 154 27.8 F 2.187521 1.44404591 160 29.2 F 2.20412 1.46538392 158 26.1 F 2.198657 1.416641



56

93 161 45.9 F 2.206826 1.66181394 169 30.4 F 2.227887 1.48287495 176 46.5 F 2.245513 1.66745396 177 68 F 2.247973 1.83250997 232 141 F 2.365488 2.14921998 176 46 F 2.245513 1.66275899 164 44 F 2.214844 1.643453

100 165 31.3 F 2.217484 1.495544101 222 99.2 F 2.346353 1.996512102 161 32.8 F 2.206826 1.515874103 170 41.8 F 2.230449 1.621176104 212 81 F 2.326336 1.908485105 160 26.2 F 2.20412 1.418301106 171 43.8 F 2.232996 1.641474107 172 43.8 F 2.235528 1.641474108 172 43.9 F 2.235528 1.642465109 181 53.5 F 2.257679 1.728354

110 162 39.2 F 2.209515 1.593286111 163 38 F 2.212188 1.579784112 165 37.2 F 2.217484 1.570543113 200 67.2 F 2.30103 1.827369114 212 84 F 2.326336 1.924279115 162 47 F 2.209515 1.672098116 180 47.2 F 2.255273 1.673942117 167 46.8 F 2.222716 1.670246118 176 45.2 F 2.245513 1.655138119 176 47.5 F 2.245513 1.676694120 235 151 F 2.371068 2.178977121 175 45 F 2.243038 1.653213122 165 37.5 F 2.217484 1.574031123 177 47.5 F 2.247973 1.676694124 170 43.6 F 2.230449 1.639486125 194 62.3 F 2.287802 1.794488126 173 45.6 F 2.238046 1.658965127 178 46.2 F 2.25042 1.664642128 154 43 F 2.187521 1.633468129 176.2 48.3 F 2.246006 1.683947130 190 57.5 F 2.278754 1.759668131 171 46.7 F 2.232996 1.669317132 218 116.7 F 2.338456 2.067071

133 167 42.1 F 2.222716 1.624282134 219 101.2 F 2.340444 2.005181135 142 28.7 F 2.152288 1.457882136 182 52.5 F 2.260071 1.720159137 163 37.2 F 2.212188 1.570543138 177 43.1 F 2.247973 1.634477139 150 30 F 2.176091 1.477121140 145 28.6 F 2.161368 1.456366



57

141 160 32 F 2.20412 1.50515142 160 30.1 F 2.20412 1.478566143 180 47.2 F 2.255273 1.673942144 221 81.2 F 2.344392 1.909556145 194 57.1 F 2.287802 1.756636146 202 77.1 F 2.305351 1.887054147 174 36.8 F 2.240549 1.565848148 150 34.2 F 2.176091 1.534026149 179 60.2 F 2.252853 1.779596150 231 90.2 F 2.363612 1.955207151 251 140.2 F 2.399674 2.146748152 230 99.2 F 2.361728 1.996512153 170 38.2 F 2.230449 1.582063153 181 42.8 F 2.257679 1.631444154 150 34.8 F 2.176091 1.541579156 180 57.4 F 2.255273 1.758912157 230 89.2 F 2.361728 1.950365

158 212 78.1 F 2.326336 1.892651159 192 81.2 F 2.283301 1.909556160 227 118.7 F 2.356026 2.074451161 230 99.2 F 2.361728 1.996512162 238 140.1 F 2.376577 2.146438163 178 57.2 F 2.25042 1.757396164 151 33.5 F 2.178977 1.525045165 260 138.7 F 2.414973 2.142076166 140 32.7 F 2.146128 1.514548167 182 45.4 F 2.260071 1.657056168 142 34.2 F 2.152288 1.534026169 164 34.3 F 2.214844 1.535294170 159 32.4 F 2.201397 1.510545171 147 36.7 F 2.167317 1.564666172 231 142 F 2.363612 2.152288173 170 32.2 F 2.230449 1.507856



58

Appendix V : Showing the Length-Weight and linear transformation of

Length-Weight of Immature specimens

Tag no X (l) (mm) Y (w) (g) SEX Log (X) Log (Y)174 167 30.4 I 2.222716 1.482874175 170 32 I 2.230449 1.50515176 162 25 I 2.209515 1.39794177 161 35 I 2.206826 1.544068178 152 30.7 I 2.181844 1.487138179 152 23.8 I 2.181844 1.376577180 156 31.6 I 2.193125 1.499687181 150 24.9 I 2.176091 1.396199182 162 34.7 I 2.209515 1.540329183 159 36.2 I 2.201397 1.558709184 152 26.5 I 2.181844 1.423246185 137 22 I 2.136721 1.342423186 163 34.3 I 2.212188 1.535294187 140 25.4 I 2.146128 1.404834188 146 35.7 I 2.164353 1.552668189 166 33.3 I 2.220108 1.522444190 158 33.7 I 2.198657 1.52763191 157 24.1 I 2.1959 1.382017192 158 33.1 I 2.198657 1.519828193 138 26.6 I 2.139879 1.424882194 133 12 I 2.123852 1.079181195 143 25.3 I 2.155336 1.403121

196 148 28.2 I 2.170262 1.450249197 141 22.5 I 2.149219 1.352183198 141 22.7 I 2.149219 1.356026199 141 22.7 I 2.149219 1.356026200 170 36.7 I 2.230449 1.564666201 142 24.6 I 2.152288 1.390935202 137 26.1 I 2.136721 1.416641203 130 14.9 I 2.113943 1.173186204 140 25.3 I 2.146128 1.403121205 161 22.7 I 2.206826 1.356026206 150 22.9 I 2.176091 1.359835207 150 24.1 I 2.176091 1.382017208 159 26.9 I 2.201397 1.429752209 153 28.8 I 2.184691 1.459392210 157 25.6 I 2.1959 1.40824211 161 26.8 I 2.206826 1.428135212 119 14.3 I 2.075547 1.155336213 139 13.7 I 2.143015 1.136721214 130 15.4 I 2.113943 1.187521215 138 15.5 I 2.139879 1.190332



59

216 144 24.5 I 2.158362 1.389166217 132 16.3 I 2.120574 1.212188218 153 28.9 I 2.184691 1.460898219 162 27.2 I 2.209515 1.434569220 155 30.2 I 2.190332 1.480007221 151 25.2 I 2.178977 1.401401222 151 25.3 I 2.178977 1.403121223 140 19.4 I 2.146128 1.287802224 144 26.5 I 2.158362 1.423246225 127 16.1 I 2.103804 1.206826226 127 16.1 I 2.103804 1.206826227 158 28 I 2.198657 1.447158228 134 19.2 I 2.127105 1.283301229 149 22 I 2.173186 1.342423230 115 16.5 I 2.060698 1.217484231 142 19.5 I 2.152288 1.290035232 142 18.7 I 2.152288 1.271842

233 137 18.3 I 2.136721 1.262451234 151 32.3 I 2.178977 1.509203235 145 27.5 I 2.161368 1.439333236 162 27.5 I 2.209515 1.439333237 137 25.7 I 2.136721 1.409933238 158 24.1 I 2.198657 1.382017239 152 24.2 I 2.181844 1.383815240 141 22.3 I 2.149219 1.348305241 176 45.2 I 2.245513 1.655138242 145 27.5 I 2.161368 1.439333243 135 25.8 I 2.130334 1.41162244 153 25.2 I 2.184691 1.401401245 143 23.2 I 2.155336 1.365488246 164 35.4 I 2.214844 1.549003247 142 28.6 I 2.152288 1.456366248 138 19.2 I 2.139879 1.283301249 138 21.2 I 2.139879 1.326336250 144 20.2 I 2.158362 1.305351251 145 20.3 I 2.161368 1.307496252 121 18.2 I 2.082785 1.260071253 151 23.1 I 2.178977 1.363612254 120 17.2 I 2.079181 1.235528255 122 18.4 I 2.08636 1.264818

256 160 25.1 I 2.20412 1.399674257 157 23 I 2.1959 1.361728258 148 21.2 I 2.170262 1.326336259 134 19.1 I 2.127105 1.281033260 150 23.1 I 2.176091 1.363612261 140 20.5 I 2.146128 1.311754262 153 24.1 I 2.184691 1.382017263 122 17.9 I 2.08636 1.252853



60

264 153 23.8 I 2.184691 1.376577265 132 19.2 I 2.120574 1.283301266 144 23.7 I 2.158362 1.374748267 140 21.3 I 2.146128 1.32838268 149 22.1 I 2.173186 1.344392268 149 25.1 I 2.173186 1.399674370 153 22.8 I 2.184691 1.357935271 141 21.2 I 2.149219 1.326336272 150 26.2 I 2.176091 1.418301273 160 31.2 I 2.20412 1.494155274 160 27.9 I 2.20412 1.445604275 152 25.7 I 2.181844 1.409933276 142 23.2 I 2.152288 1.365488277 152 26.2 I 2.181844 1.418301278 159 35 I 2.201397 1.544068279 173 46.4 I 2.238046 1.666518280 168 38.9 I 2.225309 1.58995

281 161 23.9 I 2.206826 1.378398281 162 27.2 I 2.209515 1.434569283 151 25.2 I 2.178977 1.401401284 151 23.9 I 2.178977 1.378398285 134 17.2 I 2.127105 1.235528286 150 24.4 I 2.176091 1.38739287 166 27.2 I 2.220108 1.434569288 140 15.7 I 2.146128 1.1959289 156 38.1 I 2.193125 1.580925290 154 27.5 I 2.187521 1.439333291 143 26.2 I 2.155336 1.418301



61

Appendix VI : Showing the Length-Weight and linear transformation of

Length-Weight of Male specimens

Tag no X (l) (mm) Y (w) (g) SEX Log (X) Log (Y)292 194 57.9 M 2.287802 1.762679

293 190 52.2 M 2.278754 1.717671294 178 49.5 M 2.25042 1.694605295 168 33.9 M 2.225309 1.5302296 171 46.7 M 2.232996 1.669317297 171 42.5 M 2.232996 1.628389298 290 73.3 M 2.462398 1.865104299 200 57.8 M 2.30103 1.761928300 175 47 M 2.243038 1.672098301 205 63.9 M 2.311754 1.805501302 181 48.9 M 2.257679 1.689309303 175 40 M 2.243038 1.60206

304 171 43.6 M 2.232996 1.639486305 161 40.5 M 2.206826 1.607455306 165 35.8 M 2.217484 1.553883307 178 33.9 M 2.25042 1.5302308 155 33.5 M 2.190332 1.525045309 159 34.5 M 2.201397 1.537819310 157 35.8 M 2.1959 1.553883311 147 32.3 M 2.167317 1.509203312 151 25.3 M 2.178977 1.403121313 167 41.9 M 2.222716 1.622214314 159 34.4 M 2.201397 1.536558315 148 24.8 M 2.170262 1.394452

316 160 36.8 M 2.20412 1.565848317 155 32.2 M 2.190332 1.507856318 144 22.5 M 2.158362 1.352183319 163 35.6 M 2.212188 1.55145320 172 34.7 M 2.235528 1.540329321 162 32.4 M 2.209515 1.510545322 168 35.8 M 2.225309 1.553883323 151 40.1 M 2.178977 1.603144324 220 73.1 M 2.342423 1.863917325 151 32 M 2.178977 1.50515326 176 45.8 M 2.245513 1.660865327 210 77.9 M 2.322219 1.891537328 165 26.4 M 2.217484 1.421604329 151 34.6 M 2.178977 1.539076330 212 78.1 M 2.326336 1.892651331 227 118.7 M 2.356026 2.074451332 180 45.8 M 2.255273 1.660865333 151 23.9 M 2.178977 1.378398334 166 38.2 M 2.220108 1.582063335 162 34.7 M 2.209515 1.540329



62

336 141 30.6 M 2.149219 1.485721337 151 34.6 M 2.178977 1.539076338 116 13.2 M 2.064458 1.120574339 161 36 M 2.206826 1.556303340 176 43.2 M 2.245513 1.635484341 165 35 M 2.217484 1.544068342 159 33.8 M 2.201397 1.528917343 165 33.8 M 2.217484 1.528917344 100 24.2 M 2 1.383815345 159 30.2 M 2.201397 1.480007346 161 36.4 M 2.206826 1.561101347 160 36.2 M 2.20412 1.558709348 157 31 M 2.1959 1.491362349 149 24.1 M 2.173186 1.382017350 148 21.2 M 2.170262 1.326336351 155 23 M 2.190332 1.361728352 118 17.8 M 2.071882 1.25042

353 138 20.2 M 2.139879 1.305351354 140 30.4 M 2.146128 1.482874355 141 27.6 M 2.149219 1.440909356 189 79 M 2.276462 1.897627357 173 45.6 M 2.238046 1.658965358 225 142.9 M 2.352183 2.155032359 220 83.9 M 2.342423 1.923762360 189 58.5 M 2.276462 1.767156361 176 47.3 M 2.245513 1.674861362 157 42.1 M 2.1959 1.624282363 164 35.4 M 2.214844 1.549003364 226 123.8 M 2.354108 2.092721365 173 43 M 2.238046 1.633468366 188 67.3 M 2.274158 1.828015367 170 43.8 M 2.230449 1.641474368 167 41.9 M 2.222716 1.622214369 162 36 M 2.209515 1.556303370 173 44 M 2.238046 1.643453371 170 44 M 2.230449 1.643453372 176 39.4 M 2.245513 1.595496373 165 34.8 M 2.217484 1.541579374 204 65.3 M 2.30963 1.814913375 163 36.3 M 2.212188 1.559907

376 175 45 M 2.243038 1.653213377 167 51.8 M 2.222716 1.71433378 166 45.7 M 2.220108 1.659916379 163 30.5 M 2.212188 1.4843380 161 33.6 M 2.206826 1.526339381 150 28.2 M 2.176091 1.450249382 205 94.2 M 2.311754 1.974051383 166 43.4 M 2.220108 1.63749



63

384 166 41.9 M 2.220108 1.622214385 154 41.6 M 2.187521 1.619093386 154 27.8 M 2.187521 1.444045387 209 84 M 2.320146 1.924279388 209 83.2 M 2.320146 1.920123389 192 81.4 M 2.283301 1.910624390 169 44.8 M 2.227887 1.651278391 159 34.2 M 2.201397 1.534026392 168 31.7 M 2.225309 1.501059393 160 26.4 M 2.20412 1.421604394 175 44.2 M 2.243038 1.64542239 5 170 45.1 M 2.230449 1.654177396 177 38.4 M 2.247973 1.584331397 168 30.4 M 2.225309 1.482874398 168 51.9 M 2.225309 1.715167399 181 68.5 M 2.257679 1.835691400 205 65.5 M 2.311754 1.816241

401 164 43 M 2.214844 1.633468402 218 82.4 M 2.338456 1.915927403 190 79 M 2.278754 1.897627404 192 68.3 M 2.283301 1.834421405 159 39.2 M 2.201397 1.593286406 190 59.2 M 2.278754 1.772322407 165 36.4 M 2.217484 1.561101408 173 43 M 2.238046 1.633468409 189 67.3 M 2.276462 1.828015410 161 33.4 M 2.206826 1.523746411 169 42.8 M 2.227887 1.631444412 189 43.8 M 2.276462 1.641474413 167 49 M 2.222716 1.690196414 168 38.1 M 2.225309 1.580925415 165 42.8 M 2.217484 1.631444416 185 46.5 M 2.267172 1.667453417 166 34.7 M 2.220108 1.540329418 153 26.9 M 2.184691 1.429752419 162 34.8 M 2.209515 1.541579420 164 39.7 M 2.214844 1.598791421 168 36.4 M 2.225309 1.561101422 181 47.8 M 2.257679 1.679428423 168 47 M 2.225309 1.672098

424 185 44.7 M 2.267172 1.650308425 195 67.2 M 2.290035 1.827369426 206 43 M 2.313867 1.633468427 184 46.5 M 2.264818 1.667453428 177 45.9 M 2.247973 1.661813429 224 72.2 M 2.350248 1.858537430 161 34 M 2.206826 1.531479431 200 81.2 M 2.30103 1.909556



64

432 152 36.1 M 2.181844 1.557507433 220 78.7 M 2.342423 1.895975434 155 30.2 M 2.190332 1.480007435 180 45.8 M 2.255273 1.660865436 166 38.2 M 2.220108 1.582063437 161 32.1 M 2.206826 1.506505438 152 35.7 M 2.181844 1.552668439 181 47.2 M 2.257679 1.673942440 146 36.2 M 2.164353 1.558709441 167 33.4 M 2.222716 1.523746442 168 53.2 M 2.225309 1.725912443 206 69.1 M 2.313867 1.839478444 181 42.1 M 2.257679 1.624282



65

Appendix VII: Showing Condition factor (K) from July 2006-July 2007 for each group (Immature, male

Immature Male

Year MonthSample

Size Range (Min-Max) MeanSample

size Range (Min-Max) MeanSampl

siz2006 July 10 5.9E-4 - 9.0E-4 7.60E-04 25 3.0E-4 - 1.1E-3 8.10E-04 14 6

August 22 5.1E-4 - 1.1E-3 8.16E-04 7 6.8E-4 - 1.2E-3 8.30E-04 16 7September 17 5.1E-4 - 8.4E-4 7.10E-04 12 5.9E-4 - 1.0E-3 8.20E-04 17 7

October 11 6.5E-4 - 1.1E-3 7.70E-04 20 6.2E-4 - 2.4E-3 9.30E-04 21 6November 5 6.1E-4 - 1.0E-3 8.20E-04 11 7.9E-4 - 1.3E-3 9.70E-04 13 7December 3 6.9E-4 - 8.3E-4 7.70E-04 12 7.2E-4 - 1.1E-3 8.70E-04 19 6

2007 Janurary 2 9.0E-4 - 1.1E-3 9.60E-04 10 7.0E-4 - 1.1E-3 9.00E-04 13 6

Feburary 2 7.0E-4 - 7.9E-4 7.40E-04 12 6.4E-4 - 1.1E-3 8.60E-04 10 8March 2 8.0E-4 - 1.0E-3 9.01E-04 9 7.9E-4 - 1.2E-3 9.20E-04 11 May 18 5.9E-4 - 1.0E-3 7.70E-04 8 6.5E-4 - 1.1E-3 8.30E-04 6

June 16 5.7E-4 - 9.0E-4 7.50E-04 13 4.9E-4 - 9.9E-4 7.80E-04 13 7July 10 5.7E-4 - 1.0E-3 7.30E-04 14 7.1E-4 - 1.2E-3 8.80E-04 20



66

Appendix VIII : Showing the Morphometric data of specimens obtained for Reproductive biology

Tag no E.D(mm) H.L(mm) H.D(mm) B.D(mm) T.L(mm) B.W(mm) Sex G.W(g) GSI % F.E 1 10 34 44 50 232 114.6 M 0.143 0.12478185

2 12 41 43 54 272 183.8 F 1.807 0.983133841 3 12 43 48 59 291 193.6 F 0.63 0.325413223 4 12 39 49 49 260 154.7 M 0.53 0.342598578 5 12 36 48 51 251 143 M 0.71 0.496503497 6 12 39 41 50 231 136 F 0.813 0.597794118 7 12 42 48 53 262 167.5 F 0.921 0.549850746 8 12 39 42 53 270 150 F 1.498 0.998666667 9 12 43 43 57 312 261 F 0

10 13 42 52 61 284 203.2 F 2.076 1.021653543 11 13 39 49 49 270 158.3 F 1.12 0.707517372 12 11 42 43 53 271 157.8 F 1.144 0.724968314 13 11 39 49 51 262 138.1 F 1.001 0.724837075 14 10 45 49 52 242 119.6 F 1.157 0.967391304 15 10 32 41 45 226 87.3 M 0.67 0.767468499 16 10 59 42 57 305 225 F 0 17 12 41 50 57 271 200.2 F 13.042 6.514485514 164,02718 13 60 43 54 302 230 M 0 19 13 61 47 58 329 272 F 0 20 12 55 40 51 294 178.8 M 0 21 14 66 48 61 344 351 M 1.02 0.290598291 22 11 56 41 53 290 240 F 0 23 12 61 42 52 306 212 F 0 24 13 56 43 57 297 260 F 0

25 12 55 39 51 288 215 F 0 26 12 59 42 85 307 224 M 0.95 0.424107143 27 14 58 44 57 311 271 F 0 28 13 50 40 51 277 167.7 M 0.363 0.216457961 29 12 55 40 51 284 178.2 M 0.69 0.387205387 30 13 61 44 57 327 272 F 0.195 0.071691176



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