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How to identify an unknown fiber

Fiber identification by solubility

Acetone 10 min @ RT

If soluble

Cyclohexane 2 min @ boil

S I

Chlorinated PVC Acetic acid 2 min

@ boil

S I

Acetate Modacrylic

S- soluble

I- InsolubleM- Medium

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Acetone 10 min @ RT

If insoluble

5% NaOH 2 min @ boiling temperature

S M I

Acidify HCl Saran

Lead Acetate

formic acid 2 min @ RT

S I

Silk Wool

S I

Methylene Chloride 2 min @ RT DMF 2 min @ RT

S I S

CH3Cl @ RTTriacetate Acetic acid 2 min @ boiling

S I S I

Nylon Vinal

Nytrile Vinyon

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Simple identification for fibers

Cotton

1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble

Nylon

1) 20% HCl - soluble2) 60% H2SO4 -soluble3) 75% H2SO4 -soluble

Polyester1) Conc. H2SO4 -soluble2) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble3) 75% H2SO4 -soluble4) Phenolic H2SO4 @ 500Csoluble5) M. cresol @ 900Csoluble

Acrylic

1)60% H2SO4 -soluble2)75% H2SO4 -soluble

6) DMF @600C -solubleViscose

1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble

Wool

1)60% H2SO4 -insoluble

2) 75% H2SO4 -insoluble

3) NaOCl - soluble

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Acetate

1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble3) Acetone -soluble

Flex

1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble

Silk

1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble

Polypropelene

1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble2) 75% H2SO4 -insoluble3) DMF -insoluble4) Phenol -insoluble

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AATCC Test Method 15-2009Colorfastness to Perspiration

Purpose and Scope

This test method is used to determine the fastness of colored textiles to the effects

of acid perspiration. It is applicable to dyed, printed or otherwise colored textile

fibers, yarns and fabrics of all kinds and to the testing of dyestuffs as applied to

textiles.

Principle

A specimen of colored textile in contact with other fiber materials (for color

transfer) is wet out in simulated acid perspiration solution, subjected to a fixed

mechanical pressure and allowed to dry slowly at a slightly elevated temperature.After conditioning, the specimen is evaluated for color change and the other fiber

materials are evaluated for color transfer.

Apparatus and material

Perspiration tester Specimens measuring 40 mm x 100 mm, one dyed and two bleached.Oven, maintained at 370C 2

0.5 g of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate ;5 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)5 g of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate

(Na2HPO4.12H2O

P e r s p i r o m e t e r

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P r o c e d u r e :

The composite specimen laid out smooth in a flat-bottomed dish and cover with the solution .One

composite specimen is thoroughly wet in the alkaline solution at pH 8 at a liquor ratio of 50: 1,and allowed it to remain in the solution at room temperature for 30 min .It is pressed and moved

from time to time to ensure good and uniform penetration of the liquor. The solution is pour off

and wipes the excess liquor off the specimen between two glass rods. The composite specimen is

placed between two glass or acrylic resin plates, under a pressure of 12.5 kPa. Separate

apparatus is used for the acid test. Tester is placed in oven containing

composite specimen in the oven for 4 h at 370C.Each composite specimen is opened out

and dried it by hanging it in air at a temperature not exceeding 60oC with the two or

three parts in contact only at the line of stitching. Assess the change in color of each

specimen and the staining of the adjacent fabric(s) with the grey scales.

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Grey Scale for Assessing Change in Shade

This Grey Scale is for assessing the degree of change in shade caused to a dyedTextile fabric / yarn in color fastness tests. For example, the change of shade of

wool and cotton fabrics in the wash fastness, perspiration fastness, etc.

The scale consists of nine pairs of gray color chips each representing a visual

difference and contrast.

The fastness rating goes step-wise from:Note 5 = no visual change (best rating) to Note 1 = a large visual change (worst

rating).

The gray scale has the 9 possible values:

5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1.

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Grey Scale for Assessing Staining

This Grey Scale is for assessing the degree of staining caused by a dyed Textile /

yarn in color fastness tests. For example, the staining of wool and cotton fabrics in

the wash fastness, perspiration fastness, etc.

The scale consists of nine pairs of gray color chips each representing a visual

difference and contrast.

The fastness rating goes step-wise from:

Note 5 = no visual change (best rating) to Note 1 = a large visual change (worst

rating).

The grey scale has the 9 possible values:

5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1.

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AATCC test methodfor colour fastness to sea water

Purpose and Scope

This test method is designed to measure the resistance to sea water of dyed,

printed, or otherwise colored textile yarns and fabrics of all kinds.

Artificial sea water is used in this test because natural sea water is variable in

composition, and is often difficult to obtain.

Principle

The specimen, backed by multifiber test fabric, is immersed in artificial sea water

under specified conditions of pressure, temperature and time, and then placed

between glass or plastic plates under specificed conditions of pressure, temperature

and time. The change in color of the specimen and the staining of the attached

multifiber test fabric are observed.

Apparatus and material

Perspiration test Specimens measuring 40 mm x 100 mm, one dyed and two bleached.Oven, maintained at 370C 2 gray scale Per literNaCl30g MgCl25g

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P r o c e d u r e :

Immerse the specimen in the test solution at the room temperature with occasional

agitating to insure through wetting out. Remove the test specimen after about 2o

minutes and only pass between squeeze rolls to remove excess liquor when the wetweight of the test specimen is more than 3 times of the dry weight .

Place the test specimen between glass or plastic plates and insert in the specimen

unit of the perspiration tester. Adjust the perspiration tester to produce a pressureof 10 lb on the specimen.

Heat the loaded specimen in the oven for 18 hours. Remove the specimen from the

unit and complete drying. Then evaluate with the gray scale.

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Introduction

North Cloth, North Manufacturing, North sails 3DL Lanka and Southern Spars

International are subsidiaries of North Sails Group LLC, USA, the world's largest

producer of sails and sail technology leader.

A fully automated factory, North Cloth is equipped with state-of-the-art sail cloth

laminating facilities, RM & FG inspection and an in built racking system for

inventory control. With computer controlled production, in-house laboratories,

stringent quality control measures and automatic web guiding and edge trimming,

a competitive advantage is offered in producing sail cloth for export.

This is a report about the chemical testing currently undergone at the North Cloth

laboratory in order to ensure the quality of the products.

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Section 1-

Fiber

Structural, physical and chemical characterization Microscopic appearance Microscopic viewsPage Burning test Fiber burn chart Chemical identificationSolubility testSection 2-

Colour Fastness

Colour fastness to perspiration Colour fastness to sea water

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Content Page Number

Abstract 2

Action of fungi on sail clothes 3

Zinc Omadine 4-5

Vanquish 100 6-7

Laboratory procedure to test the efficiency of ZPT and BBIT 8

Alternative method for antifungal protection 9

Comparison of ECTFE and ZPT + BBIT 10

References 11

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Section 2-

Colour

Fastness

Colourfastness

to

perspira

tion Colour

fastness

to sea

water

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olour fastnes

iber identification

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Section1-

Fiber

Identification

Structural,physical and

chemical

characterization

Microscopicappearance

MicroscopicviewsPage

Burning test Fiber burn chart Chemical

identification

Solubility test