LME Governance and Socio-Economics Bibliography by Lawrence Juda of the University of Rhode Island

June 2006

This bibliography supports the URI-produced handbook on LME Governance and Socio-Economics, sponsored by GEF IW:LEARN, which is available for on-line download via the following Web addressed: http://www.crc.uri.edu and http://www.iwlearn.net/topics/lme. Acheson, J. M., Ed. (1994). Anthropology and Institutional Economics, University Press of America. Adams, C. M., E. Hernandez, et al. (2004). "The Economic Significance of the Gulf of Mexico Related to Population, Income, Employment, Minerals, Fisheries and Shipping." Ocean and Coastal Management 47: 565-580. Agardy, T. (2005). "Global Marine Conservation Policy Versus Site-Level Implementation: the Mismatch of Scale and its Implications." Marine Ecology Progress Series 300: 242-248. Alexander, L. (1993). "Large Marine Ecosystems: A New Focus for Marine Resources Management." Marine Policy 17: 186-198. Alexander, L. (1993). The Regional Approach to Large Marine Ecosystems. Large Marine Ecosystems: Stress, Mitigation, and Sustainability. K. Sherman, L. M. Alexander and B. Gold. Washington, D.C., American Association for the Advancement of Science: 225-226. Ambrose, R. (1997). Ecological Value in Restored Coastal Ecosystems. Saving the Seas: Values, Scientists, and International Governance. A. Brooks and S. D. VanDeveer. College Park, MD, Maryland Sea Grant College: 67-86. Andersen, P., J. Sutinen, et al. (1998). Paying for Fishery Management: Economic Implications of Alternative Methods for Financing Management. IXth Conference of the Intrnational Institute of Fishery Economics and Trade, Tromso, Norway. Andersen, P. and J. G. Sutinen (2003). Financing Fishery Management: Principles and Economic Implications. The Cost of Fisheries Management. W. Shrank, R. Arnason and R. Hannesson, Ashgate Publishing: 45-63. Anderson, L. G. and D. R. Lee (1986). "Optimal Governing Instruments, Operation Level, and Enforcement in Natural Resource Regulation: The Case of the Fishery." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68(3): 678-690.

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Balgos, M. C. (2005). "Integrated Coastal Management and Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines: Concurrent Developments." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 972-995. Bavinck, M., R. Chuenpagdee, et al. (2005). Interactive Fisheries Governance: A Guide to Better Practice. Delft, Centre for Maritime Studies (MARE). Bean, C. (1990). An Economic Analysis of Compliance and Enforcement in the Quahog Fishery of Narragansett Bay. Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island. Belausteguigoitia, J. C. (2004). "Causal Chain Analysis and Root Causes: The GIWA Approach." Ambio 33(1): 7-12. Belfiore, S., M. Balgos, et al. (2002). The Role of Indicators in Integrated Coastal Management, Center for the Study of Marine Policy, University of Delaware. (On line at <www.udel.edu/CMS/csmp/indicators/Indicator-Background-Paper.pdf>). Bennett, J., P. Lawrence, et al. (2005). "Adaptive Management and its Role in Managing Great Barrier Reef Water Quality." Marine Pollution Bulletin 50: 71-75. Bezaury-Creel, J. E. (2005). "Protected Areas and Coastal and Ocean Management in Mexico." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 1016-1046. Boesch, D. F. and S.-A. Macke (1995). Bridging the Gap: What Natural Scientists and Policymakers and Implementors Need to Know about Each Other. Improving Interactions between Coastal Science and Policy: Proceedings of the California Symposium. NRC. Washington, DC, National Academy Press: 33-48. Bowen, R. E., and C. Riley (2003). "Socio-economic Indicators and Integrated Coastal Management." Ocean and Coastal Management 46: 299-312. Boyce, M. S. and A. Haney, Eds. (1997). Ecosystem Management: Applications for Sustainable Forest and Wildlife Resources. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press. Bruch, C., L. Jansky, et al., Eds. (2005). Public Participation in the Governance of International Freshwater Resources. Tokyo, United Nations University Press. Buchanan, J. and G. Tullock (1962). The Calculus of Consent. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press. Buchanan, J. M. (1980). Rent-seeking Under External Diseconomies. Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society. J. M. Buchanan, R. D. Tollinson and G. Tullock. College Station, Texas, Texas A&M Press.

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Busch, W.-D. N., B. L. Brown, et al. (2003). Strategic Guidance for Implementing an Ecosystem-based Approach to Fisheries Management. Silver Spring, MD, United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NMFS: 62p. Caddy, J. F. and G. D. Sharp (1986). "An Ecological Framework for Marine Fishery Investigations." FAO Fish. Tech. Pap(283): 152pp. Cairns, J. J. (2004). "Eco-ethical Issues: Self-Regulating Versus Subsidized Ecosystems." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 24: 36-47. Caldwell, L. K. (1984). International Environmental Policy: Emergence and Dimensions. Durham, Duke University Press. Caton, A. and K. McLoughlin, Eds. (2000). Fishery Status Reports 1999: Resource Assessments of Australian Commonwealth Fisheries. Canberra, Australia, Bureau of Rural Sciences,. Cho, L. (2005). "Marine Protected Areas: a Tool for integrated Coastal Management in Belize." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 932-947. Christensen, N., A. M. Bartuska, et al. (1996). "The Report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management." Ecological Applications 6: 665-691. (On line at <www.esa.org/pao/esaPositions/Papers/ReportOfSBEM.php>). Christie, P., K. Lowry, et al. (2005). "Key Findings from a Multidisciplinary Examination of Integrated Coastal Management Process Sustainability." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 468–483. Christie, P. (2005). "Is Integrated Coastal Management Sustainable?" Ocean & Coastal Management: 208–232. Chua, T. E. (1993). "Essential Elements of Integrated Coastal Management." Ocean and Coastal Management 21: 81-108. Cicin-Sain, B. (1993). "Sustainable Development and Integrated Coastal Management." Ocean and Coastal Management 21: 25-26. Cicin-Sain, B. and R. Knecht (1998). Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concepts and Practice. Washington, D.C., Island Press. Cicin-Saina, B. and S. Belfiore (2005). "Linking Marine Protected Areas to Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: A Review of Theory and Practice." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 847-868.

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Clark, J. (1996). Coastal Zone Management Handbook. Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers. Commission on Marine Science Engineering and Resources (Stratton Commission) (1969). Our Nation and the Sea: A Plan for National Action. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office. (On line at <www.lib.noaa.gov/edocs/stratton/title.html>). Costanza, R. (1997). "The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital." Nature 387: 253-260. Crawford, R., L. V. Shannon, et al. (1989). Characteristics and Management of the Benguela as a Large Marine Ecosystem. Biomass Yields and Geography of Large Marine Ecosystems. L. M. A. Kenneth Sherman. Washington, D.C., American Association for the Advancement of Science: 169-221. Cullinan, C., S. Munkejord, et al. (2005). Institutional Study Regarding the Establishment of a Regional Organisation to Promote Integrated Management and Sustainable Use of the BCLME, The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) and the BLME Programme. Daily, G. C., T. Soderqvist, et al. (2000). "The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value." Science 289: 395-396. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) (2001). Marine Protected Areas. Ottawa, Ontario. Dietz, T. and P. C. Stern, Eds. (2002). New Tools for Environmental Protection: Education, Information and Voluntary Measures. Washington, D.C., National Academy Press. Dietz, T., E. Ostrom, et al. (2003). "The Struggle to Govern the Commons." Science 12:1907-1911: 1907-1911. Dinneford, E., K. Iverson, et al. (1999). Changes under Alaska's Halibut IFQ Program, 1995 to 1998. Juneau, Alaska, Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Dinneford, E., K. Iverson, et al. (1999). Changes under Alaska's Sablefish IFQ program, 1995 to 1998. Juneau, Alaska, Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Done, T. J. and R. E. Reichelt (1998). "Integrated Coastal Zone and Fisheries Ecosystem Management: Generic Goals and Performance Indices." Ecological Applications (Supplement) 8(1): S110-S118. Duda, A. M. and D. L. Rache (1997). "Joint Instititutional Arrangements for

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Addressing Transboundary Water Resources Issues-Lessons for the GEF." Natural Resources Forum 21(2): 127-137. Duda, A. M. and K. Sherman (2002). "A New Imperative for Improving the Management of Large Marine Ecosystems." Ocean and Coastal Management 25: 797-833. Duda, A. (2002). Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators for GEF International Waters Projects, GEF Corporate Monitoring and Evaluation Team. Duda, A. M. (2005). "Targeting Development Assistance to Meet WSSD Goals for Large Marine Ecosystems and Small Island Developing States." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 1-14. Ehler, C. (2003). "Indicators to measure governance performance in integrated coastal management." Ocean and Coastal Management 30: 335-345. Eisma, R.-L. V., P. Christie, et al. (2005). "Legal Issues Affecting Sustainability of Integrated Coastal Management in the Philippines." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 336-359. El-Ashry, M. T., A. M. Duda, et al. (2000). Integrating the Management of Freshwater Basins, Coastal Areas, and Oceans though the Global Environment Facility. Ocean Yearbook. E. M. Borgese, A. Chircop, M. McConnell and J. R. Morgan. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 14: 272-290. Enemark, J. (2005). "The Wadden Sea Protection and Management Scheme—Towards an Integrated Coastal Management Approach?" Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 996-1015. European Fisheries Ecosystem Plan Project (n.d.). The North Sea Fisheries Ecosystem Plan. (On line at <www.efep.org/FEP_pages/FINAL_PDF_FEP.pdf>). FAO (1995). Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Rome, FAO. On line at (<www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/005/v9878e/v9878e00.htm>). FAO (1996). Integration of Fisheries into Coastal Area Management. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. Rome. (On line at <www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/003/W3593E/W3593E00.HTM>). FAO (1998). Integrated Coastal Area Management and Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. Rome, FAO. (On line at <www.fao.org/docrep/W8440e/W8440e00.htm>).

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FAO (2003). "Fisheries Management: The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries." (On line at <www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y44470E.HTM>). FAO (2004). The State of World Fisheries. (On line at <www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/007/y5600e/y5600e00.htm>). Felt, L., B. Neis, et al. (1997). Comanagement. Northwest Atlantic Groundfish: Perspectives on a Fishery Collapse. J. Boreman, B. S. Nakashima, J. A. Wilson and R. L. Kendall. Bethesda, MD, American Fisheries Society: 185-194. Fernandes, L., D. James, et al. (1996). A Conceptual Framework for Measuring the Sustainability of the Use of the North Sea. Ocean Yearbook 12. E. M. Borgese, N. Ginsburg and J. R. Morgan, University of Chicago Press. 12: 358-377. Fowler, C. W. (2003). "Tenets, Principles, and Criteria for Management: The Basis for Systemic Management." Marine Fisheries Review 65(2): 1-55. Franklin, J. F. (1997). Ecosystem Management: An Overview. New Haven, Yale University Press. Freeman, A. M. (1993). The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values: Theory and Methods. Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future. French, P. W. (1997). Coastal and Estuarine Management. London, Routledge. Frid, C., O. Paramor, et al. (2005). "Ecosystem-based fisheries management:progress in the NE Atlantic." Marine Policy 29: 461-469. Furlong, W. J. (1991). "The Deterrent Effect of Regulatory Enforcement in the Fishery." Land Economics 67(1): 116-129. Gallagher, A., D. Johnson, et al. (2004). "Constructs of sustainability in coastal management." Marine Policy 28: 249–255. Garcia, S. M. (1994). "The Precautionary Principle: Its Implications in Capture Fisheries Management." Ocean and Coastal Management 22: 99-125. Gauvin, J. (1988). An Econometric Estimation of Compliance Behavior in the Massachusetts Inshore Lobster Fishery. Resoource Economics, University of Rhode Island. Global Environment Facility (1994). Instrument for the Establishment of the Restructured Global Environmental Facility. Washington, D.C., GEF. (On line at

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<gefweb.org/public/instrume/instrume.htm>). Global Environment Facility (1995). Operational Strategy of the Global Environmental Facility. Washington, D.C., GEF. (On line at <gefweb.org/public/opstrat/ops.htm>). Global Environment Facility (1995). Operational Strategy of the Global Environmental Facility: International Waters. Washington, D.C., GEF. (On line at <gefweb.org/public/opstrat/ch4.htm#chapter4>). Global Environment Facility (1995). Operational Strategy of the Global Environment Facility: Policy Framework. Washington, D.C., GEF. (On line at <gefweb.org/public/opstrat/ch1.htm#chapter1>). Global Environment Facility (1998). Valuing the Global Environment: Actions and Investments for a 21st Century. Washington, D.C., Global Environment Facility. Global Environment Facility (2000). Operational Program #12 Integrated Ecosystem Management. (On line at <thegef.org/Operational_Policies/Operational_Programs/OP_12_English.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2000). GEF Contributions to Agenda 21: The First Decade. Washington, D.C., GEF. (On line at <www.gefweb.org/outreach/Outreach-PUblications/Agenda_21_.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2001). Strategic Collaboration and a Framework for GEF Action on Capacity Building for the Global Environment. (On line at <www.gefweb.org/Documents/Enabling_Activity_Projects/CDI/CapacityBuildingBookEnglish.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2001). Operational Guidelines for Expedited Funding of National Self Assessments of Capacity Building Needs. (On line at <www.gefweb.org/Documents/Enabling_Activity_Projects/Operational_Guidelines_-_English.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2001). A Guide for Self-Assessment of Country Capacity Needs for Global Environmental Management. (On line at <www.gefweb.org/Documents/Enabling_Activity_Projects/NCSA_Guidebook_-_English.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2003). Operational Program Number 8: Waterbody-Based Operational Program. Washington, D.C., GEF. (On line at <www.thegef.org/Operational_Policies/Operational_Programs/OP_8_English.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2003). Strategic Approach to Enhance Capacity

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Building. Global Environment Facility (2003). Program Performance Indicators for GEF International Waters Programs. (On line at <thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C22/C.22.Inf,8>). Global Environment Facility (2004). Scope and Coherence of the Land Degradation Activities in the GEF. (On line at <www.gefweb.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C24/C.24.6>). Global Environment Facility (2004). Strategic Options and Priorities in Groundwater Resources. (On line at <thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C24/C.24.Inf.13>). Global Environment Facility (2004). Elements for a New GEF Monitoring and Evaluation Policy. (On line at <thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C24/ME.C.24.1-Elements_for New_GEFME_Policy_FINAL.doc>). Global Environment Facility (2004). Program Study on International Waters. (On line at <thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C24/ME.C.24.Inf3-IW_Program_Study.pdf>). Global Environment Facility (2004). Principles for Engaging the Private Sector. (On line at <thegef.org/Documents/Council_Documents/GEF_C23/C.23.11>). González-Laxe, F. (2005). "The Precautionary Principle in Fisheries Management." Marine Policy 29: 495-505. Goulder, L. H. and D. Kennedy (1997). Valuing Ecosystem Services: Philosophical Bases and Empirical Methods. Daily, Gretchen (ed.), Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. G. C. Daily. Washington, D.C., Island Press: 23-47. Grafton, R. Q. (2005). "Social Capital and Fisheries Governance." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 753-766. Grenier, R. (2000). "Incentive Instruments for the Sustainable Use of Marine Resources." Ocean and Coastal Management 43: 11-28. Grigalunas, T. A. and J. J. Opaluch (1998). Sustainable Financing for Ship-Based Pollution Prevention and Management in the Malacca Straits. Manila, UNDP/IMO/GEF Regional Programme for Marine Pollution and Management in East Asian Seas. Grumbine, R. E. (1993). "What is Ecosystem Management?" Conservation

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Biology 8(1): 27-38. Grynberg, R. (2003). "WTO Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations, Implications for Fisheries Access Arrangements and Sustainable Management." 27: 179-193. Hall-Arber, M. and A. C. Finlayson (1997). Role of Local Institutions in Groundfish Policy. Northwest Atlantic Groundfish: Perspectives on a Fishery Collapse. J. Boreman, B. S. Nakashima, J. A. Wilson and R. L. Kendall. Bethesda, MD, American Fisheries Society: 111-138. Hanna, S. S. (1995). Efficiencies of User Participation in Natural Resource Management. Property Rights and the Environment - Social and Ecological Issues. Washington, D.C., Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics and the World Bank. Hanna, S. S. (1998). "Institutions for Marine Ecosystems: Economic Incentives and Fishery Management." Ecological Applications 8 (Supplement): S170-174. Hannesson, R. (2004). The Privatization of the Oceans. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. Hatcher, A. and K. Robinson (1999). The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries, Center for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources, University of Portsmouth. Healey, M. and T. Hennessey (1994). "The Utilization of Scientific Information in the Management of Estuarine Ecosystems." Ocean and Coastal Management 23: 167-191. Healey, M. C. and T. Hennessey (1998). "The Paradox of Fairness: The Impact of Escalating Complexity on Fishery Management." Marine Policy 22: 117. Hempel, G. and K. Sherman, Eds. (2003). Large Marine Ecosystems of the World-Trends in Exploitation, Protection and Research. Elsevier Science. Hempel, G. and D. Daler (2004). "Why a Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA)?" Ambio 33(1): 2-6. Hennessey, T. (1994). "Governance and Adaptive Management for Estuarine Ecosystems: The Case of Chesapeake Bay." Coastal Management 22: 119-145. Hennessey, T. and D. Soden (1999). Ecosystem Management: The Governance Dimension. Handbook of Global Environmental Policy and Administration. D. Soden and B. Steele. New York, Marcel Decker. Hennessey, T. and J. Sutinen, Eds. (2005). Sustaining Large Marine

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Ecosystems: The Human Dimension. Large Marine Ecosystems Series. Amsterdam, Elsevier. Hirshfield, M. F. (2005). "Implementing the Ecosystem Approach: Making Ecosystems Matter." Marine Ecology Progress Series 300: 253-257. Holthus, P. (1999). "Sustainable Development of Oceans and Coasts: the Role of the Private Sector." Natural Resources Forum 23: 169-176. Horwood, J. W., J. H. Nichols, et al. (1998). "Evaluations of Closed Areas for Fish Stock Conservation." Journal of Applied Ecology 35: 893-903. Imperial, M. T. and T. Hennessey (1996). "An Ecosystem-Based Approach to Managing Estuaries: An Assessment of the National Estuary Program." Coastal Management 24: 115-139. Independent World Commission on the Oceans (1998). The Ocean Our Future. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (2001). Steps and Tools Towards Integrated Coastal Area Management. (On line at <unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001245/124596eo.pdf#xml=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?database=ged&set=3ECC9756_0_166&hits_rec=4&hits_lng=eng>). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (2003). A Reference Guide on the Use of Indicators for Integrated Coastal Management: 127 pp. (On line at < www.ioc.unesco.org/icam/files/Dossier.pdf >). International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (2005). Ecosystem Effects of Fishing: Impacts, Metrics, and Management Strategies. (On line at < www.ices.dk/products/crrs/CRR-272-WGECO_Report.pdf >). International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (1994). Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN. (On line at <app.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1994-007-En.pdf>). Jackson, J. B. C., M. X. Kirby, et al. (2001). "Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems." Science 293: 629-636. Jentoff, S. and B. McCay (1995). "User Participation in Fisheries Management." Marine Policy 19(3): 227-246. Jentoft, S. (2005). "Fisheries Co-management as Empowerment." Marine Policy 29: 1-7.

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Juda, L. and R. Burroughs (1990). "The Prospects for Comprehensive Ocean Management." Marine Policy 14(1): 23-25. Juda, L. (1999). "Considerations in Developing a Functional Approach to the Governance of Large Marine Ecosystems." Ocean Development and International Law 30: 89-125. Juda, L. and T. Hennessey (2001). "Governance Profiles and the Management of the Uses of Large Marine Ecosystems." Ocean Development and International Law 32: 43-69. Juda, L. (2003). "Changing National Approaches to Ocean Governance: The United States, Canada, and Australia." Ocean Development and International Law 34: 161-187. Kenchington, R. and D. Crawford (1993). "On the Meaning of Integration in Coastal Zone Management." Ocean and Coastal Management 21: 109-127. Kimball, L. A. (1999). Major Challenges of Ocean Governance: The Role of NGOs. Order for the Oceans at the Turn of the Century. D. Vidas and W. Ostreng. The Hague, Kluwer Law International: 389-405. Kimball, L. A. (2003). International Ocean Governance. Cambridge, UK, IUCN. Ko, J.-Y. and J. W. Day (2004). "A Review of Ecological Impacts of Oil and Gas Development on Coastal Ecosystems in the Mississippi Delta." Ocean and Coastal Management 47: 597-623. Kopp, R. and V. K. Smith (1993). Valuing Natural Assets: The Economics of Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Washington, D.C., Resources for the Future. Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Kumpf, H., K. Steidinger, et al., Eds. (1999). The Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. Malden, MA, Blackwell Science. Kurien, J. (1998). "Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Ecosystem Sustainability: New Meaning to Asian Coastal Proverbs." Ecological Applications suppl. 8(1): S2, S3. Laffoley, L., E. Maltby, et al. (2004). The Ecosystem Approach: Coherent Actions for Marine and Coastal Environments, English Nature. (On line at <www.english-

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nature.org.uk/pubs/publication/PDF/EcosystemApproach.pdf >). Larkin, P. A. (1996). "Concepts and Issues in Marine Ecosystem Management." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6: 139-164. Ledoux, L. and R. K. Turner (2002). "Valuing Ocean and Coastal Resources: a Review of Practical Examples and Issues for Further Action." Ocean and Coastal Management 45: 583-616. Lee, K. (1993). Compass and Gyroscope: Integrating Science and Politics for the Environment. Washington, D.C., Island Press. Lee, K. N. (1999). "Appraising Adaptive Management." Conservation Ecology 3(2). (On line at <www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol3/iss2/art3>). Levy, J.-P. (1988). "Towards an Integrated Marine Policy in Developing Countries." Marine Policy 12: 326-342. Lowry, K., A. White, et al. (2005). "National and Local Agency Roles in Integrated Coastal Management in the Philippines." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 314–335. MacDonald, J. (1995). "Appreciating the Precautionary Principle as an Ethical Evolution in Ocean Management." Ocean Development and International Law 26: 255-286. Malena, C. (1995). Working with NGOs, World Bank. Mare, W. K. d. l. (2005). "Marine Ecosystem-based Management as a Hierarchial Control System." Marine Policy 29: 57-68. McClanahan, T. R. and B. Kaunda-Arara (1996). "Fishery Recovery in a Coral-Reef Marine Park and its Effect on the Adjacent Fishery." Conservation Biology 10(4): 1187-1199. McClanahan, T. R., S. Mwagunib, et al. (2005). "Management of the Kenyan Coast." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 901-931. McGlade, J., K. Koranteng, et al., Eds. (2002). The Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem: Environmental Forcing and Sustainable Development of Marine Resources, Elsevier Science. McGoodwin, J. R. (1990). Crisis in the World's Fisheries: People, Problems, and Policies. Stanford, Stanford University Press. Meyers, R. A. and B. Worm (2003). "Rapid World-wide Depletion of Predatory

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Fish Communities." Nature 423: 280-283. Miles, E. L. (1989). "Concepts, Approaches, and Applications in Sea Use Planning and Management." Ocean Development and International Law 20: 213-238. Miles, E., A. Underdal, et al., Eds. (2002). Environmental Regime Effectiveness. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2003). Ecosystems and Human Well-being. Washington, D.C., Island Press. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report. (On line at <www.millenniumassessment.org/proxy/document.aspx?source=database&TableName=Documents&IdField=DocumentID&Id=356&ContentField=Document&ContentTypeField=ContentType&TitleField=Title&FileName=MA+General+Synthesis+-+Final+Draft.pdf&Log=True>). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Living Beyond Our Means: Natural Assets and Human Well-Being. (On line at <www.millenniumassessment.org/proxy/document.429.aspx>). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Opportunities and Challenges for Business and Industry. (On line at <www.maweb.org//proxy/document.353.aspx>). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well–being: Biodiversity Synthesis. (On line at <www.millenniumassessment.org/proxy/document.354.aspx>). Milliman, S. R. (1986). "Optimal Fishery Management in the Presence of Illegal Activity." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 13(4): 363-381. Milnea, N. and P. Christie (2005). "Financing Integrated Coastal Management: Experiences in Mabini and Tingloy, Batangas, Philippines." Ocean and Coastal Management 48: 427-449. Misund, O. A. and H. R. Skjoldal (2005). "Implementing the Ecosystem Approach: Making Ecosystems Matter." Marine Ecology Progress Series 300: 260-265. National Academy of Sciences (1997). Striking a Balance: Improving Stewardship of Marine Areas. Washington, D.C., National Academy Press. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2003). Large Marine

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