LNG Plant EquipmentSeminar with Supplier Association MurmanshelfMurmansk, 15 May 2012Jostein Pettersen
Outline• Gas/liquid separation equipment
• Absorbers, columns, towers
• Heat exchangers
− Shell and tube
− Kettle
− Plate and frame
− Air cooled
− Special cryogenic exchangers
• Compressors
− Centrifugal
− Axial
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Gas/liquid separation equipmenmt
• Compressor suction drums
• Phase separators
• Reflux drums
• Gas scrubbers
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Source: Amistco
Separation equipment
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Aker
Separation equipment - internals
Absorption column (Acid gas removal)
Sources: SULZER, hyper-tvt.ethz.ch
Upward vapour flowwith reducedconcentration
Mass transferAbsorptionDiffusion
Downward amine filmflow withincreasedconcentration
Reaction Mass transport
Surface area
Structured PackingContactor
Increase contact area
Increased efficiency
Reduced flooding and pressure drop
Reduce height, diameter and weight
Typical contactor
Rich amine outlet
Lean
Amine
inlet
Gas inlet
Gas outlet
Demister
Liquid
distributor
Packing material
Chimney tray
Support grid
Chimney tray outlet
Source: SULZER
Vane distributor
Source: DOW Chemicals
Absorbers
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Source: SULZER
Scrub column for LPG extractionFractionation train
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Fractionationtower
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Shell and tubeexchangers• TEMA classification
• Extensive experience
• Several design programs available
− ASPEN (HTFS-TASC)
− HTRI
• Important issue:
− Flow induced vibration
www.amerindustrial.com
Shell and tube exchangers
• Compressor intercoolers
• Compressor aftercoolers
• Desuperheater
• Subcooler
• Feedgas cooler
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www.chrisexeter.en.made-in-china.com
Cross flow condensation(Propane condenser)
Source : knowledgepublications.com
Kettle re-boiler as process cooler
Source wermac.org
Source ASPENTECH
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Kettle type heat exchanger• Shell and tube exchanger with
separator function
• Flooded
• Tube bundle submerged in boiling liquid
Propane kettle exchangers in LNG plant4 pressure levels
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Core in kettle
1:Hot stream inlet
2: Hot stream inlet connection through shell and into PFHE core
3: PFHE core
4: Hot stream pipe from outlet of core
5: Hot stream outlet connection through shell
6: Hot stream outlet
8: Refrigerant inlet to shell
9: Shell side liquid level
10: Liquid/vapour separation space
11: Vapour outlet nozzle
12: Manway (Typically 20-30 inch)
Source: Chart Energy and Chemicals, Inc.
• Tube bundle replaced by plate fin heat exchanger core
• Compact and efficient geometry
Classification: Internal 2010-11-01
Air cooled exchangers
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Air cooled condensers
Plate and frame exchanger
Source: Alfa Laval
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Cryogenic Heat Exchangers
Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
Spiral-Wound Heat Exchangers
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Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger (SWHE)• Picture showing Snøhvit
subcooler
• Specialized ”proprietary” type of heat exchanger
• Large capacity in one unit
• Reasonably robust, and well proven in gas liquefaction
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Spiral Wound LNG Heat Exchanger (Linde)
Spiral wound exchanger (Air Products)
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Plate fin (PFHE)• Stack of plain and folded plates• Brazed in vacuum furnace• Compact, multi stream capability• Pressures up to ca 120 bar• Exposed to thermal stress• Needs clean fluids
Ca 1.5 m
Fin height 5-10 mm
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Block or CoreHeaderNozzleWidthStacking heightLengthPassage outletCover sheetParting sheetHeat transfer finDistribution finSide barEnd bar
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CentrifugalcompressorHorizontally split casing
Source: GE
Source: Siemens
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CentrifugalcompressorBarrel type casing
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Centrifugal compressors (GE)
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Axial compressor (GE)
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Normal boiling points:
Propane: - 42.1 oC
Ethane: - 88.7 oC
Methane: -161.6 oC
Nitrogen: -195.9 oC
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LNG Plant Equipment
Jostein PettersenAdvisor LNG [email protected]: +4790952718
www.statoil.com
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