1. Tell something about loadrunner?1) Loadrunner is the industry standard automated performance and load testing tool2) HP acquired LoadRunner as part of its acquisition of Mercury Interactive3) Using loadrunner one can emulated hundreds and thousand of virtual users for performance and load testing4) Loadrunner supports wide range of industry standard applications for load testingThe key features of HP loadrunner are as follows:1. TruClient technology that simplifies and accelerates scripting for complex Rich Internet applications2. Enterprise load generation thatappliesmeasurableand repeatable loads whilemonitoring systemsand end-user transactions to identify issues3. Powerful analysis and reporting capabilities that help isolate performance bottlenecks quickly and easily4.Integrated diagnostics help pinpoint the root causes of application-level issues down to the code level2. What is a virtual user or VUser in loadrunner?Virtualuser or Vuser emulates the real user steps. The real user steps are recorded a test script.Duringthe recordingtime user steps (like posting the requests or accessing the pages) are recorded as test script. Whe the test script is played back the script is going to performthe useractions. The real user emulation by playing back the script is calledvirtualuser or vuser.The vusers are created as a process or a thread in loadrunner for multiple users.3. What is think time in loadrunner?Think time is nothing but the user delay between two subsequent requests.Assume that a user opened page1 and he is filling the data on page1. During filling the page the user has spent 10 sec, and he has submitted the page1, then page2 is loaded. In this case the user wait time between pag1 and page2 10 sec is called think time.4. What is a transaction in loadrunner?Transaction is defined as response time of one or more than one user steps.Transaction in loadrunner is used for measuring the response time of user steps. If one has to measure the response time one or more than one page, the measure statements will be inserted at the appropriate pages.lr_measure_start("trans1")Step 1Step 2lr_measure_stop("trans1")lr_measure_start("trans2)Step 3lr_measure_stop("trans2)Step 4trans1 and trans2 are transaction names. Which will have the response times to measure periodically. And those response times will be displayed from the graphs in controller during the load test execution and those transaction response times can be analyzed from loadrunner analysis after load test execution.5. What are the loadrunner components?Loadrunner has majorly 4 components1. Loadrunner VuGen - Virtual user generator - used for scripting purpose2. Loadrunner Controller - used for load test execution and monitoring purpose3. Loadrunner Load Generator - used for generating the load of multiple virtual users4. Loadrunner Analysis - used for analysis and reporting purposeLoadrunner vugen interview questions1. What are the languages supported by loadrunner vugen?The languages supported by VuGen are:1) C Language2) Visual Basic Scripting3) Visual Basic For Applications4) Java ScriptingThe default language supported by VuGen is "C". All the above mentioned languages can be chosen based on the protocols.For example:1) COM/DCOM type of application supports all the above mentioned languages.2) Web (HTTP/HTML) supports only "C" language2. How do you do scripting in loadrunner vugen?Scripting in loadrunner can be done in two ways1) By way of recording2) By writing the test scriptRecording is the mostly recommended ways of scripting. Since writing the test script involves lot of technical knowledge of theapplicationand loadrunner scripting knowledge respective to theprotocolorapplication.3. How do you choose a protocol for conducting the load test in loadrunner vugen?Protocolorapplicationtype is used for scripting in loadrunner vugen. There are two ways deciding which type ofprotocolis used for scripting.1) By talking to thearchitects:2) By looking into theapplicationdesign or architectural diagram3) By using the VuGenprotocoladviser. But,protocoladviser is available from loadrunner 9.5 version onwards.4. How to use protocol advisor in loadrunner vugen?Protocoladvisor in loadrunner is available from version 9.5 onwards. Follow the belowmentionedsteps to get benefit ofprotocoladviser1) Open the VuGen2) Select File ->Protocoladviser -> AnalyzeApplication3)ProtocolAdviser dialog box pops up4) Select theapplicationtype and otherapplicationdetails and press "OK" button.5) Perform the user actions on theapplication, till all the major areas of theapplicationflows are covered.6) Stop Analyzing7)Protocoladviser results will be displayed automatically.5. What are the recording modes available in web based recording in loadrunner vugen?To openthe recordingoptions go to1) File -> Tools -> Recording Options2) Recording Options dialog box opens3) Select RecordingIn web (HTTP/ HTML) based recording there are two modesavailable.1) HTML based script2) URL based scriptWhat is the difference between HTML and URL based script in loadrunner vugen?The basicdifference between HTML and URL based script is:HTML based script- Generate aseparatestep for each user action. In addition, for requests whose origin is not basic HTML, record explicit requests.URL based script- Record all requests and resources fromthe server. Use, this mode to simulate the former URL-Based mode with all the resources recorded.HTML based scriptIs the default mode of recording in VuGen. This is recommended mode of recording. Since it emulates as a exact browser, when it comes sub urlscomputation.URL based scriptURL based we need to select explicitly from Recording Options. This mode of recording results in faster response than HTML based recording. The reason is, all the sub URLs are captured into the test script. So, the tool doesn't need to compute the sub urls like the browser does.6. What are the default actions generated by loadrunner vugen?The default actions generated by loadrunner VuGen are:1) vuser_init2) Action3) vuser_end7. How vuser_init, Action and vuser_end actions will be called in loadrunner vugen?vuser_init :vuser_init will be called only once at the beginning of the script execution for each virtual user. Most of theinitiationoperations are done with vuser_init actionAction :Action will be called based the number of iterationsmentionedin VuGen run time setting. Action will be iterated based the time durationmentionedinthe controller. Tillthe controllertime duration lapses action will be iterated.vuser_end :vuser_end will be called only once at the end of the script execution for each virtual user. Most of the closure operations are done with vuser_init action8. How do you choose multi actions vuser_init, Action and vuser_end for recording in loadrunner vugen?Based on the type ofthe useremulation we choose the actions appropriately.If you are emulating a webend userof a business. Assume that you are emulatingbankcustomer. Who will be using the webinterfaceto interact with theapplication.vuser_init :Most of theinitiationoperations are done with vuser_init action. Here no user operations needs to be recorded.Action :Login into theapplication. Other user operations. And the logout operations will be captured into action.vuser_end :Most of theclosureoperations are done with vuser_init action. No operations are captured in this actionsIf you are emulating aclient serveror web internal user of a business. Assume that you are emulatingbankcustomer. care executive or branch executive. Who will be using theclient serveror webinterfaceto interact with theapplication.vuser_init :Most of theinitiationoperations are done with vuser_init action. We need to execute login only once if we are simulating ashiftduration. Here login related operations needs to be recorded. Since thebankexecutives login only once in theirshift.Action :All otherbankexecutive repeated operations needs to be captured. And the login and logout operations should not be captured into action.vuser_end :Most of theclosureoperations are done with vuser_end action. Here login related operations needs to be recorded. Since thebankexecutives login only once in theirshift. We need to execute only once if we are simulating ashiftduration. Here logout related operations needs to be recorded. Since thebankexecutives logout only once after his / hershift.9. What is the difference between qtp and loadrunner way of capturing the recorded test script?Duringthe recordingtime, QTP captures theapplicationevents based on UI of theapplication. Whereas Loadrunner captures theapplicationoperations based on theprotocol.Quick Test Professional(QTP): QTP captures theapplicationevents based on the Graphical userinterface(GUI) objects. The objects will be captured in object repository and the operations on the objects will be captured in the test script asstatements.The objects will beidentifiedbased on the type of theapplication. And the add-in installed with QTP respective to theapplication. Ex: If java basedapplicationto be recognized by QTP, java add-in should be installed with QTP.Loadrunner: Loadrunner captures traffic based on theprotocol. Most of the applications in loadrunner are captured on theprotocol. Loadrunner captures page submits, url posts especially when it comes to web based applications. If it is client serverapplication, Loadrunner captures the traffic based on TCP/IP or ODBC etc type of protocols10. How do you add transactions in loadrunner vugen?Transactions in VuGen can be added Four ways:1) During recording, click on add start transactions and end transactions2) After recording from Enhancementssectionof Tasks.3) After recording from Tree view4) After recording from script view11. Where do you check the transaction response time in VuGen?The transaction response time will be displayed after the play back of the script.And the response time will be displayed as part of the Replay log in output window.Note: If the output window is not opened. Select menu option View -> Output window12. How can you pause the measurement to eliminate think time in loadrunner vugen?Assume that there is scenariomentionedbelowstep 1lr_start_transaction(trans1)Step 2lr_think_time(30.3)step3lr_end_transaction(trans1)In the above case the think time of 30.3 sec will becomingas part of the measurement time. To eliminate the think time from the measurement we will be using the statements asmentionedbelowstep 1lr_start_transaction(trans1)Step 2lr_stop_transaction(trans1)lr_think_time(30.3)lr_resume_transaction(trans1)step3lr_end_transaction(trans1)lr_stop_transaction -Freezesreporting of transaction data.lr_resume_transaction - Resumes reporting transaction data within a script.13. What is the difference between lr_stop_transaction and lr_end_transaction in loadrunner vugen?lr_stop_transaction-Freezesreporting of transaction data.stop transaction normally followed byresumetransaction. Stop transaction we use, if we want to freeze the timer and later we canresumeit laterlr_end_transaction-Marksthe end of a transaction.End transaction is the closure of the transaction. End transaction we use, if we want to get the timer to be printed or reported to a monitor graph in controller or replay log in vugen.14. What is wasted time in loadrunner VuGen?Wasted timeis time spent on activities whose purpose is to support test analysis, but would never be performed by a browser user, for example, time spent keeping transaction statistics for later reporting. Wasted timeis calculatedinternally by LoadRunner. Your script can also add wasted time with lr_wasted_time.Sometimes, you may enter activities in a script that your do not wantreportedas part of the transaction statistics. Generally, these are activities related to record keeping, logging, or custom analysis. If you enhance the script with steps whose durations should not beincludedin the test statistics, you can track the time used by these steps with lr_start_timer and lr_end_timer. Then,the functionlr_wasted_time is used for adding this user-determined time to the internally generated wasted time.15. How concurrency of user hits can be achieved in loadrunner?The concurrency of user hits can be achieved by using rendezvous points.Rendezvous point will be added from VuGen. But, the rendezvous point releasesettingscan be made from controller toachievethe concurrency.16. What is a rendezvous point in loadrunner?Rendezvous is used for achieving the concurrency during the load testing.When single user is run from VuGen rendezvous point never be triggered. As it is defined for only multiple users.Rendezvous point makes users to wait till the usersmentionedin controller reach to a common step. When the rendezvous point releases the users are going to hitthe systemwithout any millisecond difference. Theapproachof hitting multiple users hitting at a common point is called concurrency17. How can you add rendezvous points in loadrunner vugen?Before the rendezvous point added in the test script. One has to identify the appropriate step, where the rendezvous point needs to be added.Rendezvous points in vugen can be added in two ways:1) Add the rendezvous point from Tree Viewa) Select the step in tree viewb) Select the Menu "Insert -> Rendezvous"c) Give the name of the rendezvous point2) Add the rendezvous point from the test scripta) Select the step in script viewb) Select the Menu "Insert -> Rendezvous"c) Give the name of the rendezvous point18. Which of the cases rendezvous or concurrency point will be used in loadrunner?Rendezvous is used for generating the concurrency on theapplicationunder test.concurrency hits will enable you identifythe issueson anyresourcedependency.For example:1) If there are any thread dependencies inapplicationserver. Those errors can be detected only by simulating the concurrency hits on theapplicationserver.2) If there are any table accessing dependencies in the database, those can be detected by simulating the concurrency hits.19. How does rendezvous point work in loadrunner?Rendezvous point works based on thesettingsgiven incontrollerscenario.The defaultsettingfor rendezvous point is - Release all the vusers when all running users reached to the rendezvous point. And the default time out period is 30 sec.For Ex:In the above case, if there are 10 users are running out of total 100 users. Assume that there are 4 vusers reached to the rendezvous point. The users who reached to the rendezvous point (4 vusers) are going to wait, till all the other running vusers (6 vusers) reaches to the rendezvous point. once all the 10 vusers reached to the rendezvous point, then the rendezvous for the waiting vusers willbe released.If the users are taking more than 30 sec, then the rendezvous point for the waiting users willbe released.20. What is the best practice to keep transaction, think time and rendezvous point in loadrunner?Case 1:It is been recommended that the transaction, think time and rendezvous point should be in the following order1) think time2) rendezvous3) transactionCase 2:Let us see,what kindimpact will be there if we make like the belowmentionedorder1) rendezvous2) think time3) transactionIn the above case, if the think time comes after the rendezvous point. The concurrency may be last because of the randomsettingsgiven in the run timesettingsfor think timesCase 3:Let us see,what kindimpact will be there if we make like the belowmentionedorder1) rendezvous2) transaction3) think timeIn the above case, think time is going to come as part of themeasurementtime. which is not recommended. So the case 1 is one of the best practices of all.21. How run time viewer or browser can be enabled in Loadrunner vugen?Run time viewer can be enabled in vugen with the belowmentionedsteps.From VuGen Menu options select1) Tools -> General Options2) General Options dialog opens3) Select Display tab4) Check "Show browser during replay" option5) Press OK buttonNow during the replay a run time viewer will be displayed, tosee howthe web users are sending requests and getting the responses22. How Results can be viewed in Loadrunner vugen?Results can be viewed in vugen with the belowmentionedsteps, after the test script execution.From VuGen Menu options select1) View ->Test Results23. How does recording work in Loadrunner vugen?Recording is nothing but capturingthe useractions as test script.Whenthe recordinghappens Loadrunner vugen, the capturing of theapplicationevents will be done through acommunication channel, mostly by using a protocol based on the type ofapplication.Whenthe recordinghappens, VuGen captures theapplicationtraffic which goes a through a specific protocol like HTTP when it comes to web basedapplicationsWhenthe recordinghappens, VuGen captures theapplicationtraffic which goes a through a specific protocol like ODBC, TCP/IP when it comes toclient serverbasedapplications.When it comes citrix or RDC kind ofapplications, the events will be captured based on the screen positions. So, one have to be careful whenthe recordingand play back happens on these kind ofapplications.24. How does script play back work in Loadrunner vugen?When the script is played back, the requests will be posted on to the immediate server or servers on AUT. And the response will be returned by the server. The VuGen is going to wait till the complete response comes back. We normally do not add any specific synchronizations in VuGen scripting.VuGen validates the response based on the specificprotocolcodes. When it comes to web (HTTP / HTML)application, the response isvalidatedbased on HTTP codes.25. Which are the types of files used for parameterization in loadrunner vugen?Any text based files used for parameterization in loadrunner VuGen, those files are:1) .CSV file2) .txt file3) .dat files26. Why parameterization using Excel and database is not recommended in Loadrunner vugen?

27. How can you use multicolumn data files for parameterization in vugen loadrunner?

Follow the steps asmentionedbelow.1) Createa datafile with multiple columns.2) Ensure that the data file must be .csv or .dat format.3) Open the parameter list fromthe menuoption Vuser -> Parameter List4) Create a parameter5) Select the type of parameter as File6) Browse and select the multicolumn data file7) Map the parameter to the column name of the multicolumn data file8) Repeat step 4 to step 7, till you create all the parameters28. How can you make one parameter column to be dependent on the other in vugen loadrunner?Follow the stepsmentionedin27. How can you use multicolumn data files for parameterization in vugen loadrunner?to create multiple parameters.Assume that there are two parameters (param1 and param2) created, and param1 is chosen with select next row as random. You want to make param2 to be read as same line as param1. Then you need to make param2 be dependent on param1.This can be done with the below steps1) Select the param22) Selectthe nextrow as "same line as param1"29. What are the types of parameterizations available in loadrunner vugen?Thetypesof parameterizations available in loadrunner vugen are:1) File or Table ParameterTypesi) Data Filesii) Data Tables2) XML ParameterTypes3) Internal Data Parameter Typesi) Date/Timeii) Group Name,iii)Iteration Numberiv) Load Generator Name,v) Random Numbervi) Unique Numbervii) Vuser IDviii) Date / Time4) User-DefinedFunctionParameters30. What is the significance of parameter simulation in loadrunner?Parameter simulation will be helpful to you, to understand how exactlycontrolleris going to read the parameter values during the multiple vuser multiple iterations load.To open click onHow can you open simulate parameter wizard from loadrunner vugen?The parameter simulation can be done with the belowmentionedsteps:1) Enter the number of users and iterations and click on simulate2) Now you cansee howexactly, the users going to read a specific parameter.31. What is the significance of offset parameter by in date type parameters in loadrunner vugen?

Offset parameter byin datetype will be used to increase or decrease the current and use it in the scripting.1) For example when you give offset parameter by 1 days. The resultant parameter will be substituted with current date + 1 day. This will be used for futuredates.2) For example when you give offset parameter by 1 days. And checked the prior to current date, then the resultant parameter will be substituted with current date - 1 day.This will be used for pastdates.32. How do you use the number format for random numbers in loadrunner vugen?Numberformat forrandom numbersis used with %luFor ex: the parameter is used with %lu, then it is going to use exactnumberwithout any preceded zeros.If the parameter is used with %lu - then 1, 123 or 4444 etc. all thenumbersof the parameters will be used as it is.For ex: the parameter is used with %08lu, then it is going to use exact 8 digits, if thenumberis lesser than 8 digits. For the additional digits the format will be filled with zeros. If thenumberis greater than 8 digits, then the samenumberwithout any additional digits will be used.33. How do you add date format in loadrunner vugen?The dateformat can be added with the below mentioned steps.Use the linkWhat are the date or time symbols available in loadrunner vugen?to know more about date format symbolsOnce you learn about the symbols, you an follow below steps to addthe dateformat. Assume that you want to create a date format of type month/date/year like 05/25/2011 (May 25, 2011) then how do you add? If you look into any of the existing formats, those will notsatisfy yourequirement.Follow the steps:1) Open the parameter list2) Create a new parameter3) Select the parameter type as Date / Time4) Enter "%m/%d/%Y" in Date / Time format text field5) Click on add formatFrom the above format you can re-use the same for any new date parameter.34. What is difference between each occurrence, each iteration, and once for updating the value in loadrunner vugen?Eachoccurrence, each iteration, and once for updating the value options will be used for updating parameter value during the vuser execution.eachoccurrence:Each time the parameter called in the script, a new value gets generated within each iterationeach iteration:For each iteration a new parameter value generated. If more than oneoccurrenceis there is the script, within the iteration parameter value will be fixed.once:For the entire test run, single parameter value will be generated. All the iterations and all theoccurrenceswill be having fixed value35. What are the modes available to choose the next row, when the parameter type is chosen as file in loadrunner vugen?The modesavailableto choose the next row, when the parameter type is file:1) Sequential2) Random3) Unique4) Same line as , if there is more than onefile typeparameter is there36. When do you use same line as parameter name to select the next row in multicolumn data file in loadrunner vugen?We use Same line as , if there is more than onefile typeparameter is there.Assume that there are two parameters pUName, pPwd. U arereadingthese parameter values from a file. You want to read the values from a file randomly.If you read both pUName, pPwd parameters randomly. Since both the parameters are independent random parameters, though they are pointed to asingle file. To make them dependent we need to choose pUName as Select next row as random and for pPwd Select next row as as same line as pUName37. Why simulate parameter is not possible for a dependent parameter in loadrunner vugen?The simulateparameteris not possible for a dependentparameter.The simulateparameteris possible for theparameterwhich is chosen as1) Sequential2) Random3) Unique..If theparametersis dependent with same line as the otherparameter. The otherparameterline will be come theparametervalue of the dependentparameter. So, the simulateparameteris not possible for a dependentparameter.38. What are the types of check points supported by loadrunner vugen?There are twotypesof check points supported by LR VuGen.1) Text check points. The functions used for the text check are:a) web_findb) web_reg_find2) Image check point.The functionused for the image check is: web_image_check.39. How do you enable text and image checks in loadrunner vugen?The image and textcheck, with the functions web_find and web_image_check will be executed only when the proper run timesettingsare set. Follow the below steps to do that1) Select Menu Vuser -> Run TimeSettings(or press F4)2) Run-timeSettingsDialogbox opens3) Select preferences in the left frame4) Enable the Image and textcheckbox40. What is the difference between web_find and web_reg_find?web_find:web_find will be processed after the response of the request comes. So, thisfunctionwill be there after the request in VuGen script.web_reg_find:web_reg_find will be processed before the request sent. And thecheckvalue will be checked in the response of the specific request. Thats the reason thisfunctionwill be there before the request in VuGen script.41. What are the arguments taken by image check point in loadrunner?We can pass maximum two arguments to image check point. Those are:srcImageserver filename. In thesource codeof the web page you can see the src attribute value. Keep the value of src for verification.altAlternativeImage Name. In thesource codeof the web page you can see the alt attribute value. Keep the value of alt for verification.42. What is an additional attribute in loadrunner vugen?Additional attribute is a run time setting in VuGen andcontrollerin loadrunner. This is used for reading a attribute value from run timesettings.This will be helpful, to pass any value to the test script from run timesettings. This will overcome the limitations of parameters in VuGen. The parameters can be read and edited from the VuGen script only. Cannot be edited fromcontroller.If you want pass some value to the script fromcontroller, we use additional attributes. Since additional attributes are part of run timesettings, so it can bepassedfromcontroller. But there should be corresponding functions written in VuGen script to read the values.43. How can you retrieve the additional attribute values from run time settings in loadrunner vugen?The additional attribute values from run timesettingsin vugen can be retrieved usingthe functionlr_get_attrib_.If you are retrieving the string type of attribute you use lr_get_attrib_string.The completesyntax for retrieving the value of a attribute in a string will be written asDefine the variable sHostName.char* sHostName;sHostName = lr_get_attrib_string("aHostName");Note: Here the aHostName is the additional attribute name, defined in run timesettings.44. What is the function used for converting the string variable value to a parameter in loadrunner vugen?Using the variables directly in the VuGen test script is little difficult. It involved lots of coding. So, to avoid using the variablevaluesdirectly in test script, weconvertthe variablevaluesto a parameter and use them directly in test script.Convertingthe string variable value to a parameter in loadrunner vugen can be done with lr_save_if youconvertingthe string variable to a parameter use lr_save_string(sHostName, "pHostName")Note: in the above case sHostName is a variable and pHostName is a parameter.45. What is the function used for converting the parameter value to a string value in loadrunner vugen?The functionused forconvertingthe parameter value to a string value in vugen is lr_eval_< data type>if you want to convert the parameter value to a string we use as followssHostName = lr_eval_string("{pHostName}");Note: In this case sHostName is a variablepHostName is a parameter46. What is the command used for printing the values to replay log in loadrunner vugen?The command used for printing the values to replay log in vugen is lr_output_message. Theusageis as followslr_output_message("Th value is :%s", val1);Note: val1 is the string type variable, %s is the string format as in C language47. What is the difference between lr_output_message and lr_error_message?lr_output_message :1) Usedfor printingthe output value in the replay log as a message.2) No info will bedisplayedin verify replay view.3) Used fordisplayingany parameter or variable valueslr_error_message :1) Usedfor printingthe output value in the replay log as an error message.2) The error message can also seen from verify replay view.3) Used fordisplayingany parameter or variable values with a error message48. What is the difference between attribute, variable and parameter in loadrunner vugen?attribute :1) Additional attribute will be read from the run timesettingsofcontrolleror VuGen.2) We canpassthe values to VuGen test script from the run timesettings.3) When you you change the value of the additional attribute, you do not have recompile or restore the test script incontroller.variable :1) Variable will be defined in VuGen, based on the C data type.2) Variable will be used for capturing any run time values or functionreturn values.3) When you change the value of the variable in the script, you have to recompile or restore the test script incontroller.parameter :1) Parameter will be defined in VuGen to store parsed response results for server dynamic values like usersessionid, item id which are automatically generated bythe server.2) Parameter will be used in the subsequent requests to successfully play back the script with captured dynamic server values .3) When you change the parametersettings, you have to recompile or restore the test script incontroller.49. What is run logic in loadrunner?Run logic is used for executing the test script flow. Using run logic you can define1)how manytimes the action to be iterated2) You can also define a block3) Insidethe block, the way the actions sequence flow can be defined.4) The action weight can be defined based on thepercentagein a block for multiple actions50. How do you control the sequence of action execution and repetition in loadrunner?The sequence of action execution and repetition in loadrunner can be done by using the run logic from run time settings of loadrunner.1)Mentionthe number of iterations for Action.2) You can also define a block3)Insidethe block, the way the actions sequence flow can be defined.4) The action weight can be defined based on the percentage in a block for multiple actions51. What is pacing and why do you use pacing in loadrunner?Pacing is used for wait time between the action iterations.Your customer says that he needs 600 user sessions to be created with max of 100 users in 1 hour. And script execution takes around 30 Sec. To simulate this scenario, you can give a pacing setting as follows.600 user sessions with 100 users -> so total number of iterations would be -> 6 per user6 iterations in 1 hour -> so the session duration would be -> 60/6 = 10 min per user session.So you need to select the setting-> Start new Iteration at "Fixed" intervals 600 sec. provided the previous iteration ends by that time.52. What are the options available in pacing in loadrunner?As soon as the previous iteration ends.The new iteration begins as soon as the previous iteration ends.After the previous iteration ends with a fixed or random delay of ...Starts each new iteration a specified amount of time after the end of the previous iteration. Specify either an exact number of seconds or a range of time. For example, you can specify to begin a new iteration at any time between 100 and 150 seconds after the previous iteration ends.When you run the script, VuGen shows the time the Vuser waited between the end of one iteration and the start of the next one, in the Execution Log.At fixed or random intervals, every ... [to ...] seconds.You specify the time between iterationeither a fixed number of seconds or a range of seconds from the beginning of the previous iteration.53. How do you enable extended logging in loadrunner?To enable extended logging in loadrunner, follow the below steps mentioned :1) Select Menu option Vuser -> Run-time settings2) Run-time settings dialog pops up3) Select the Log from left frame in the dialog4) Ensure the "Enable Logging" is checked5) Select the radio button "Always send message"6) Select the radio button "Extended Log"54. What are the options available in extended log and why do you use them in loadrunner?The options available in extended log are:a)Parameter substitution:Parameter substitution should be enabled, if you want the parameter and it values to be displayed in the log during the run time.b)Data returned by server:During the replay, if you want to see the Request headers, Response header and response body in replay log enable this option.c)Advanced trace:During the replay, select this option to log all of the functions and messages sent by the Vuser during the session. This option is useful when you debug a Vuser script.55. What are the disadvantaged of using extended logging when the load test is long duration in loadrunner?The disadvantaged of using extended log when the load test is long duration in loadrunner controller:When the log is enabled the response times get skewed. Because of1) high data on the load generators2) High disk reads and writes on load generators3) the high network resource consumptionAssume that for single user, when the test script runs for one iteration the log generated on the disk is 1MB.When the load test is running for 1000 users for 10 iterations the log size is going to be around 10GB.If the load test is extended for 1000 users for 1000 iterations the log is going to be 1TB.Hope now you understood the size of the log. So we enable the log only if it is required.We may use extended log when very few users are running the system.56. Why do you need to enable standard log when the test script is running in loadrunner vugen?

57. What are the optimum settings to do logging, when the load test is long duration in loadrunner?

When the load test is long duration, we set the log level to very minimal or no log.Mostly we set the log level to standard log. We also select the radio button "Send message only when an error occurs"With the above setting the log will be generated only when error occurs. And we need to analyze the erroneous pages. So this is the optimum selection for the log, when the load test is very long duration

58. Why do you ignore think times when you are running from loadrunner vugen?

Ignore think time is the default setting in VuGen Run-tiime Settings.When you run the test script from VuGen, you are debugging a test script or enhancing the script. In that case you do not have to simulate the think times. Because, you do not want to spend more time during running the script.

59. Why do you replay think times when you are running the tests from loadrunner controller?We use the think times, when run the tests from load runner controller for multiple users.The reason is we always want to simulate the users as they are working in real time. The real time users normally wait between the user actions, for understanding the content on the page or for filling the data on the pages. Since the user wait time between the requests is captured as think time. The think time need to be used during the actual load test. If we use the think time, the test run will be near to the real users activity. If we do not use the think time, it will become a stress test.60. What are the options available to replay think times in loadrunner?the optionsavailableto replay think times in loadrunner are as followsIgnore think time.Ignore the recorded think timereplay the script ignoring all lr_think_time functions.Replay the think time.Thesecondset of think times options let you use the recorded think time:As recorded.During replay, use theargumentthat appears in the lr_think_timefunction. For example, lr_think_time(10) waits ten seconds.Multiplyrecorded think time by.During replay, use a multiple of the recorded think time. This can increase or decrease the think time applied duringplayback. For example, if a think time of four seconds was recorded, you can instruct your Vuser tomultiplythat value by two, for a total of eight seconds. Toreducethe think time to two seconds,multiplythe recorded time by 0.5.Use random percentage of the recorded think time.Use a random percentage of the recorded think time. You set a range for the think time value by specifying a range for the think time. For example, if the think timeargumentis 4, and you specify a minimum of 50% and a maximum of 150%, the lowest think time can be two (50%) and the highest value six (150%).Limit think time to.Limit the think time's maximum value.

61. Which of the cases you create the virtual users as process or thread?

Thread1) if you run each Vuser as a thread, the Controller launches only one instance of the driver program (such as mdrv.exe), for every 50 Vusers (by default). This driver process/program launches several Vusers, each Vuser running as a thread. These threaded Vusers share segments of the memory of the parent driver process. This eliminates the need for multiple re-loading of the driver program/process saves much memory space, thereby enabling more Vusers to be run on a single load generator.2) The main advantage of a multi thread environment is the ability to run more Vusers per load generator.3) Only thread safe protocols should be run as threads.Process1) If you run each Vuser as a process, then the same driver program is launched (and loaded) into the memory again and again for every instance of the Vuser. Loading the same driver program into memory uses up large amounts of RAM (random access memory) and other system resources. This limits the numbers of Vusers that can be run on any load generator.2) The protocols Sybase-Ctlib, Sybase-Dblib, Informix, Tuxedo, and PeopleSoft-Tuxedo are not thread safe, so need to run as process62. Why do you use speed simulation in loadrunner?We use the network speed simulation in loadrunner for limiting the bandwidth usage.Assume that your LAN is having 10Gbps bandwidth. And, if the real users is using 128 Kbps in real time. If you want to simulate such user behavior we need to limit the network usage, by way of limiting the speed simulation.63. How do you emulate browsers in loadrunner?Emulate browsers is nothing but emulating the browser settings during the load test execution. Since the load runner is not going to use the actual browser, the browser setting will be emulated based on the settings provided.Follow the steps to emulate the browser settings:1) Open the menu option Vuser -> Run-time Settings2) Run-time Settings Dialog box opens3) Select Browser Emulation from left navigation4) Click on Change button5) User Agent Dialog box opens6) Choose your browser with version and OS

64. How do you set proxy settings in loadrunner?If you have proxy to communicate with any external sites. We may need to configure the proxy settings in the broswer for recording.Since the loadrunner does not use the browser during replay. We need to give the proxy settings in the run time settings of the controller or VuGen. Then the requests will be sent through the proxy.Follow the steps to emulate the browser settings:1) Open the menu option Vuser -> Run-time Settings2) Run-time Settings Dialog box opens3) Select Proxy settings Emulation from left navigation, under Internet Protocol4) Select the custom proxy5) And give the settings as required

65. How do you add a script wide rule for checking the content in all the pages?Script wide rule is used for checking the common content on all the pages. If any page is not having the expected content, the script throws an error and aborts the test. So, when you choose the script wide rule, you have to be very careful in giving the common expected content.Follow the below mentioned steps to add script wide rule:1) Open the menu option Vuser -> Run-time Settings2) Run-time Settings Dialog box opens3) Select Content Checks from left navigation, under Internet Protocol4) Check the check box of Enable Content check during replay5) Click on New Application button -> Give the application name6) Click on New Rule button -> Give the Rule name7) Enter the Search for Text, which is there in all the pagesHow can you open simulate parameter wizard from loadrunner vugen?Simulate parameter can be opened with the below mentioned steps:1) Select the Menu option Vuser -> Parameter List2) Parameter List dialog box opens3) Select a parameter in the left paneNote: ensure that the parameter type should be File type only. For other types of parameters simulate parameter will not be there.4) On the right pane, under the data table Simulate parameter button will be there.5) Click on Simulate parameter6) Simulate parameter Dialog box opens.What are the date or time symbols available in loadrunner vugen?The following table explains about the date/time symbols:SymbolDescription

ccomplete date and time in digits

#ccomplete date as a string and time

Hhours (24 hour clock)

Ihours (12 hour clock)

Mminutes

Sseconds

pAM or PM

dday

mmonth in digits (01-12)

bmonth as a string - short format (e.g. Dec)

Bmonth as a string - long format (e.g. December)

yyear in short format (e.g. 03)

Yyear in long format (e.g. 2003)

What will be captured in the test script while recoring in loadrunner vugen?During the recording time, only the requests will be captured into the test script.When the script is seen from the tree view in web based application, the response pages corresponding to the request node can be seen. But the responses are not part of the test script. The response for the requests is captured as part of the recorded log, which will be there in the data folder inside the test script folder.Which are the types of files or data sources or connections not recommended for parameterization in loadrunner vugen?The types of files not recommended for parameterization in loadrunner vugen are:1) .xls2) .mdb3) database connection or data sourceThe above two files requires driver for reading the data. Which will become heavy for each virtual users. So, that is why load runner is not been implemented with .xls and .mdb file support.Database connection is not recommended for parameterization. When one does the parameterization using database connection in the test script. Each virtual user is going to connect to the database, to fetch the data for parameterization. So, there are one dedicated connection is wasted just to fetch the data from database. And the same virtual user is going to hit through the application as well.The database connection is an resource consuming operation. So, it is not recommended to have a parameterization directly with database in load testing.