LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

• YOUTH-IN-GOVERNMENT

Objective

• SWBAT examine the history, contents, and importance of the first State Constitutions

• SWBAT list the basic principles and kinds of provisions found in every State Constitution.

FEDERALISM

10TH AMENDMENT The powers not delegated to the

United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

- ANY POWER NOT GIVEN TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OR DENIED TO THE STATES IS ASSUMED HELD BY THE STATES.

FEDERALISM

STATE POWERS BOTH NATIONAL POWERS

RESERVED SHARED DELEGATED CONCURRENT

MARRIAGE COIN MONEYDRINKING AGE TAX REGULATE TRADESCHOOLS COURTS ARMED FORCES

Federalism (A Principal of American Government)

State Federal

Power starts with the people, is shared first with the state and then with the federal government.

RESERVED ---- DELEGATED -- CONCURRENT

FEDERALISM

• While each of the 50 states has its own constitution, all provisions of state constitutions must comply with the U.S. Constitution. For example, a state constitution cannot deny accused criminals the right to a trial by jury, as assured by the U.S. Constitution's 6th Amendment.

THE BALANCE OF POWER HAS CHANGED.• State Governments more important until post Civil

War.• First personal income tax issued in 1861 (Revenue

Act of 1861 – 3% for incomes $800 or more).• Power of Federal government expanded greatly

during depression years (FDR – New Deal).• Today the Federal Government has grown in it’s

power.• Grants and Subsidies have continue to help exert

Federal influence over citizens and business. (Bail outs, economic stimulus money, jobs, etc.)

2/3 Warm Up1. Which Amendment protects American

Federalism?2. A power that is given to the Federal Govt by

the Constitution is called? Give an example.3. A power that is set aside for State Govt by the

Constitution is called? Give an example.4. A power that is shared by both Federal and

State Govt is called? Give an example.5. Although all States have their own Constituion

and right to pass unique laws, they all must do what?

PRINTZ V. UNITED STATES 1997• Was a Supreme Court ruling that established the

unconstitutionality of parts of the Brady Handgun legislation. The court determined that Congress could NOT force states to enforce these provisions, in some ways this reminded Congress of the relationships set forth by Federalism.

• READ PAGE 109 OF TEXT, ANSWER QUESTIONS 1,2,3 ON SHEET OF LOOSELEAF PAPER.

• Now Read pages 684-688, and answer the section 1 assessment questions on 688, #1-5

GOAL 2• WILL IDENTIFY THE DOCUMENTS THAT

ESTABLISH THE PLAN OF GOVERNMENT AT THE STATE, COUNTY AND LOCAL LEVEL. • STATE CONSTITUTION, COUNTY CHARTER,

CITY CHARTER• GOAL 3

• DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.

- If there is no mention of government beyond the levels of Federal and State in the Constitution, why do we have local governments?

• Local Governments get their power from the State Governments

• Incorporation & CharterSTATECOUNTYCITY, TOWNSHIPSPECIAL DISTRICTS (School Boards)

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS GET THEIR POWER FROM THE STATE

• Incorporation -The process by which the state turns some power over to a local government.

• Charter- A local plan for government (constitution)

• COUNTY, CITY, TOWNSHIP, SCHOOL BOARDS

State Constitutions

• Every state in the United States has its own constitution.

• All state constitutions must be in compliance with the U.S. Constitution and approved by

their State Legislature.

Ohio In 1803 became the 17th state to join the United States of

America.

** Ohio’s executive branch is made up of six officers: Governor and lieutenant governor, Secretary of state, Attorney general, Auditor, and Treasurer.

• Ohio’s General Assembly (the legislatve branch), is made up of two houses--the Senate, which has 33 members, and the House of Representatives, which has 99 members.

• The Judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which has one chief justice and six associate justices.

STATE POWERS(SERVICES)• Trade within the state

• Public Schools• License requirements for professionals

(doctors, lawyers, etc)• Regulate alcoholic beverages

• Conduct elections• Establish local governments

• Ohio State Constitution Activity• Info on state executive office

• There are approximately 89,000 units of government across the nation.

• Almost all of them are local.

Municipal Government• A municipality is a city, town, or village that holds

a charter (GRANTED BY THE STATE) outlining their powers. They provide many different services to their members.

• SERVICES trash collection, sewer systems, parks, public transportation, police and fire departments.

• Municipalities can serve more than one community collectively.

• Example: Rocky River Municipal Court

Municipal Governments• The most recent data from the U.S. Census

Bureau (2007) counted 39,044 general purpose local governments, which includes 19,492 municipal governments, 16,519 township governments and 3,034 county governments. There are 50,432 special purpose local governments, which includes 37,381 special districts, 13,726 independent school districts, and 1,452 dependent public school systems.

County Charter • Like all local government, created by State Charter.• There are 3,034 counties in America.• They administer state laws, and county laws the state allows

them to create.• Main functions: keep peace, maintain jails, assess property

values for tax purposes, build and repair roads, bridges, drains and public works

• Counties record deeds, mortgages, marriage licenses, administer elections, care for the poor, and protect health

• In urban areas they now provide water and sewer service, have trained police, fire, and medical units operate airports, and mass transit systems.

• They build and operate auditoriums, sports stadiums, golf courses, and other recreational facilities.

• Cuyahoga County Charter Activity

PARTICIPATION• WITH THE POWERS THEY HAVE

AND SERVICES THEY PROVIDE, EXPLAIN WHAT YOU WOULD LIKE FAIRVIEW PARK’S GOVERNMENT TO FOCUS ON IMPROVING? EXPLAIN WHY FOR EACH• Come up with 3 improvements

• City of Fairview Park Charter Activity

• Fairview Park Improvement Activity

Goal

•Will be able to identify 6 of the guests who will participate in YIG and recount some basic information for each.

Stuff on role of Mayor in book

MAYOR EILEEN PATTON• Graduate of St. Joseph’s Academy• Member of the League of Women Voters• Member of numerous regional groups• Mayor of Fairview Park since 2000.• Goals Motels, Westgate, Gemini.

Rocky River Municipal Court• Bay Village, Fairview, North Olmsted, Rocky River and Westlake.• Traffic cases, Domestic Violence, Assault, Endangering Children,

Theft, DUI.

**Judge Donna Congeni Fitzsimmons- one time county prosecutor, served as a special attorney for the U.S. Department of Justice.

**– Judge Brian Hagan -Graduate from Cleveland Marshall Law school atCleveland State, elected to the RR court in 2007.

COUNTY COUNCIL DAVID GREENSPAN

• Greenspan earned a Bachelor of Science in Accounting• and Business Administration from Troy University in• Alabama. He made Cuyahoga County his home three • years ago.

• Currently, Greenspan is the Chief Financial Officer for LeanStream Media, Inc.

• He is married to Mary Kim Elkins, has a daughter in Atlanta, and a son enrolled in Westlake High School. He and his wife are expecting a child in Spring 2011.

STATE REPRESENTATIVE NAN BAKER Your State Representative Nan A. Baker - Westlake Comittees Economic Development, Education, Urban Revitalization

PERSONAL Married 34 years with 2 daughters, 26 and 23 and 1 son, 20.

• ELECTED OFFICE HOLDER SINCE 1996• Reelected in November 2010 Westlake Board Of Education Member - 1996 – 1999 3 Term Westlake City Council Member

BUSINESS EXPERIENCE Small Business Operator Endorsed by the National Federation of Independent Business (Ohio) – 2008

• EDUCATION B.A., Baldwin Wallace College

STATE SENATOR TOM PATTON• Your State SenatorTom Patton Hometown: Strongsville

• Current Term: Expires December 2012. Senate member since November 2008. Committee Chair Finance and Financial

Institutions Highways and Transportation.

• State Representative (2003 - 2008)

• Occupation: Business Consultant for Blue Technologies

• Education: Attended Cleveland State University

TOPICS FOR QUESTIONS• SNOW REMOVAL • (Mayor Patton)• CITY PARKS • (Mayor Patton)• COST OF COLLEGE • (Nan Baker)

• RACE TO THE TOP MONEY FOR FAIRVIEW PARK • (BOE Member)

• STIMULUS MONEY FOR OHIO OR FAIRVIEW PARK • (Tom Patton, Nan Baker, or Mayor Patton)• IMPROVE MATH AND SCIENCE SKILLS

• (Nan Baker)• DEVELOP LORAIN ROAD

• (Mayor Patton, Councilman Greenspan, Tom Patton)• GOVERNOR’S CABINET APPOINTMENTS

• (Nan Baker, Tom Patton)• DRUNK DRIVING LAWS

• (Brian Hagen, Donna Fitzsimmons )

FP BOE• Joe Shucofsky• President of BOE• B.A. University of Dayton• Case Western School of Law• Lawyer private practice• Business advisory council • Polaris career center board

member• 6th year on BOE• Married, 2 children

Fairview Park, Board of Education• Joslyn Dalton• Vice President of BOE• B.A. Health Information

Management & Systems - Ohio State University

• Registered Health Information Administrator

• Teacher at Tri-C • Married, 1 son, 1 daughter• 2nd year on BOE

FP BOE• Mark St. John• B.A. in Social Work and Education

Cleveland State University• Teacher Independence Local

Schools• TEA committee• Polaris Career Center Board

Member• 6th year on BOE• Married, 4 children

Fairview Park Board of Education• Katie Davis• B.A. in Mechanical Engineering

Cleveland State University• Has worked on large-scale chemical

plant projects• Served as a project engineer

overseeing engineering and construction of global threat reduction and nation security projects for the US Government around the world.

• Fairview Park Summerfest committee• Married, 1 boy• 1st year on BOE

Fairview Park Board of Education• Deborah Tidwell• Ohio Parent Teacher Association • Interim district advisor on the Ohio

PTA Board of Directors• Has been Treasurer for FPCS• Volunteer of the year by Fairview

Park Youth Association in 06• Substitute secretary in district

1998-2002.• Married, 6 children• 1st year on BOE

YIG - Goals 2/17

• Goal – SWBAT use information learned about the government officials participating in the YIG week to develop educated questions to ask each official.

State of City - 3/2 Objective

• SWBAT identify the challenges faced by city of Fairview Park and the solutions proposed to fight those challenges by Mayor Patton in the 2010 State of the City address.

State Executive Office - Objectives

• SWBAT describe the governor’s many roles, including the powers, duties, and limitations of the office.

• SWBAT identify the offices and roles of other important state executives.

The Governor: Qualifications

• American citizen• Usually 25 to 30 years old• Has to live in state for a given period of time

(usually 5 years)• Must be a qualified voter• Must attract the party’s nomination most

importantly (that can mean a lot of specific qualities)

C and C• Who is this man?• Arnold Schwarzenegger• What important role

does he play in politics within our nation?

• Governor of California• What does his holding of

this position say about the position of Governor?

• Inclusive, not limiting, rules can change

Or does it…?

• We have had only 25 women out of the over 2,500 Governors in American history

• 7 of them in office today• Of the 25 – 17 Democrats and 8 Republicans• Why do you think so few women have served

in our country as Governors?

Voices on Government• Read the section titled

“Voices on Government” on page 695.

• What do you think the dangers would be of focusing too much on either of the conflicting demands Kunin mentions – the day to day tasks or her broader vision?

• How might her dilemma apply to others in state government?

Selection process• Popular vote in every

state• Major parties pick

candidates in a primary• Most states now have

lieutenant governors – usually joint election

• Who is the woman to the right?

• Mary Taylor – Lt. Governor of Ohio

Term

• 4 years nearly everywhere• Usually limited to 2 terms (only VA single

term)• If a successor is needed…• 43 states it is the lieutenant governor• Some it is the president of the senate, some it

is the secretary of the state

Removal

• Governors can be impeached in 49 states • Only 1 in the past 7 years• Recall – a petition by which voters may

remove an elected official before completing is regular term

• Only 2 ever have been

Pay• Salaries now average over $100,000 but there

is a wide range• They get an official residence provided and an

expense account

A Governor’s Many Roles

• Chief Executive• Chief Administrator• Chief Legislator• Party leader• Opinion leader• Ceremonial figure• Who’s this to the right?• Former Gov Ted

Strickland

C and C

• Which role do you think is most important for our governor to be strong at?

• Who is the current Governor of Ohio? When did he take office?

Powers of the Governor of Ohio• Chief executive of Ohio

• John Kasich (Rep.)

• 2010-Present

• Replaced Strickland (06-10) – only democrat since 1990.

Executive Powers

• Appointment and Removal (limited by state legislature)

• Supervisory Powers• Budget Making Powers (with legislative

approval)• Military Powers (Commands state militia if

needed)

Legislative Powers

• The Message Power (recommend legislation)• Hold Special Sessions• Veto Power (3/5 to override) and item veto

Judicial Powers

• Clemency (mercy toward those convicted of crimes)

• Pardon (release of a person from legal responsibilities of a crime)

• Commutation (reduce a sentence)• Parole (release of a prisoner short of a

complete term)• Reprieve (postpone execution of a sentence)

Other duties• Receives official visitors

and welcomes distinguished guests

• Dedicates new buildings and parks

• Opens the state fair• Addresses many

organizations and public gatherings

• Settle labor disputes• Travel to promote the

state and its trade interests

Other Executive offices • Lieutenant Governor – assistant and

replacement• Secretary of the State – clerk and record-

keeper• State Treasurer – custodian of state funds, tax

collector, paymaster• Attorney General – chief lawyer, legal advisor

Ohio’s ExecutivesMike Dewine – Attorney General

Jon Husted – Secretary of the State

Ohio’s Executives

Josh Mandel – State Treasurer

Mary Taylor – Lt. Governor

State Auditor

• Independent Agency of State Government.• State Auditor – “watchdog” agency. • Provides info on financial accountability of

offices of state government.• Fights against fraud, etc.

State Auditor – Dave Yost

Kasich in Action!

Ohio Senate Bill 5• Passed Ohio Senate March 2, 2011• Republican proposed and endorsed by Kasich• Controversial because…• Read article and answer questions

• End Local Government Unit

Balancing Ohio’s Budget• Balancing Ohio’s Budget Activity (Columbus Dispatch

Simulator)• Go to the following web site…• http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/insight/budget/inde

x.html• Here’s your chance to solve Ohio’s financial crisis. Assume you

are the governor. Choose some or all of the 34 options listed.• Submit and print ALL results (highlight them, I want the

choices you made too) out your 1st results to be turned in.• Then click “Revise my choices” and make an attempt to

balance the budget if unable to do so the first time.• Click submit and print out your 2nd results to be turned in.

Do not attempt a third time. Turn in your 2nd results regardless if you balanced the budget or not.

• Once done work on your “Senate Bill 5” questions.

UPCOMING ASSIGNMENT

• FORMULATE A GREAT QUESTION FOR ONE OF OUR GUESTS.

• - CURRENT ISSUE THAT YOU HAVE AN INTEREST IN.• - RELATED TO CONSTITUTION OR CHARTER• -APPRORIATE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT• - ACCESS PUBLIC INFORMATION(BUDGETS, MEETING MINUTES)

GOAL

•WILL OUTLINE A PLAN TO ADDRESS A PROBLEM FACING FAIRVIEW PARK, CUYAHOGA COUNTY OR THE STATE OF OHIO.

• START JUDICIAL BRANCH UNIT

COURT SYSTEM - MANY LEVELS• 1. FEDERAL

• 2. STATE

• 3. COUNTY

• 4. CITY - MUNICIPAL

.

Definitions• Jurisdiction - the official power to make legal decisions and

judgments

• Plaintiff- a person, or group, that brings a charge against another ( in a criminal matter this would be the city, state or federal prosecutor )

• Defendant - a person or group charged or sued in court

• Criminal Case - Body of government prosecutes an individual ( or group) for breaking a law.

• Civil Case - An individual or group sues another individual or group for harming them in some way.

Rocky River Municipal Court• Bay Village, Fairview, North Olmsted, Rocky River and Westlake.

**Judge Donna Congeni Fitzsimmons **Judge Brian F. Hagan

Traffic cases, Domestic Violence, Assault, Endangering Children, Theft, DUI.

CUYAHOGA COUNTY• When a government no longer serves the best

interests of the people, then the people must change that government. Change usually comes through the election of new office holders, but sometimes that is not enough change. This is such a time.

• We, the people of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, desire a reformed County Government to significantly improve the County's economic competitiveness……………………

CUYAHOGA COUNTY

• PREVIOUSLY 3 COMMISIONERS

• COMMISIONERS OUT COUNCIL IN

• NOW 11 COUNCIL MEMBERS AND 1 PRESIDENT OF COUNCIL

GOAL

•WILL OUTLINE A PLAN TO ADDRESS A PROBLEM FACING FAIRVIEW PARK, CUYAHOGA COUNTY OR THE STATE OF OHIO.

GOAL

•WILL BE ABLE TO ACCESS PUBLIC RECORDS AND UTILIZE INFORMATION PROVIDED.

GOAL

•WILL IDENTIFY A CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUE INVOLVING LOCAL, COUNTY OR STATE GOVERNMENT.

GOAL

• WILL DESCRIBE RELATION OF PRINCIPLES OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION WITH PRINCIPLES IN THE U.S. CONSTITUTION.

GOAL

•WILL IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS KEY PUBLIC POLICY BEING ADDRESSED BY LOCAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS.

GOAL

•WILL IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS KEY PUBLIC POLICY BEING ADDRESSED BY LOCAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS.

GOAL

•WILL DESCRIBE WAYS THAT A CITIZEN CAN PARTICIPATE IN LOCAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS.