Local Pulse Production Concerns
Pea
Fertility – Nitrogen & Nodulation
Nitrogen
• Above 25-35 lbs/ac N from soil and fertilizer,
– nodule development may be delayed and reduced.
• Above 50 lbs/ac N nodulation may not occur.
• Below 10 lbs/ac N,
– some starter N may help the crop because
– nodule development takes 3 to 4 weeks.
Control of Cleavers in Peas
In Crop • Authority/Authority Charge
and Edge granular - (before cleaver emergence, suppression)
• Basagran/Basagran Forté
• Odyssey
• Odyssey Ultra
• Viper ADV (suppression)
Residual Herbicides to Watch For
One season after application
• At least 16 products that have a one year re-cropping restriction for pea
• See 2016 Guide to Crop Protection (pg. 74 & 75)
2nd season after application (ie. 18 months recropping)
• Imazethabenz in Dark Brown Soil zones (Assert 300SC, Avert)
• Muster
Pea Diseases to Watch
• Mycosphaerella blight
– most common disease on peas in SK.
• Ascochyta complex includes:
– Mycosphaerella blight
– Ascochyta leaf and pod spot
– Ascochyta foot rot
Ascochyta complex
• One in three year pea rotation where it is a problem
• Infected stubble is the most important source, followed by infected seed
• Scouting and fungicide application should begin at early bloom stage
Root Rot Pathogens
•Fusarium
•Pythium
•Rhizoctonia
•Aphanomyces
Photo courtesy of Dr. S. Chatterton, AAFC Lethbridge
Photo courtesy of C. Armstrong-Cho
Aphanomyces
S. Phelps, SPG 2015
Faba Bean
Types • Tannin Containing (8-9%) • (brown seed coat & • black dot)
Low Tannin (Zero) (1%)
(white flower & cream seed coat)
Faba bean Seeding
• Target 45 plants/m2 (4-5/ft2) – approx 60 lbs/bushel
– Know your seed size as wide range
• Seed 2-3 inches deep
• Cross pollinated – Keep types/varieties separate by at least 100m, 500m is better
– or will have a lot of outcrossing
• Seed treatments – low tannin varieties higher risk (Apron products/Stress Shield)
• Go slow and check your seeder often (plugging!!)
Fertility
• Faba bean has much higher uptake of P and K than peas
• Max. safe rate seed placed P = 40 lb/acre actual (P+K)
Residual Herbicides 5 + years (or seasons) after application
• Tordon 22K,
• Grazon – (Spot treatments or broken pasture)
4 + years (or seasons) after application
• Ally Toss-N-Go (cropland),
• Escort – (broken pasture ; extended when soil pH is 7.5 or greater)
Residual Herbicides
2nd year (or season) after application (ie. 18 months re-cropping)
– Muster (Toss-N-Go / Gold II),
– Assert,
– Everest,
– Triton C
– Clopyralid (<123 gai/ac) (Lontrel, Curtail M, Prestige XC, Eclipse III, Flaxmax, Spectrum*)
– Banvel II/Oracle (high rates >0.5L/ac)
– PrePass (fall application)
– 2,4-D (high rates applied in fall)
Best Guess as little work on re-cropping to faba beans!!
Faba beans In Crop Control of Cleavers
• Edge granular – before cleaver emergence, suppression
• Basagran/Basagran Forté
• Odyssey
• Odyssey Ultra
• Solo (supression)
• Viper ADV
Faba beans - In Crop Control of Group 2 Resistant
Wild Mustard
• Basagran/Basagran Forté
• Metribuzin + Treflan
• Viper ADV
Pre-harvest herbicide timing
Glyphosate
(Roundup Transorb HC, Roundup WeatherMax, R/T 540, StartUp and Roundup Ultra 2 only)
Timing
• Stems are green to brown in colour:
• pods are mature (yellow to brown in colour);
• 80-90% of original leaves have dropped; Minor Use program
• Look into MRLs before application
Desiccation Timing
Diquat (Reglone, Reglone Ion, Desica, Diquash, Dessicash, Stage, Masterline Diquat)
Timing
• most plants are ripe and dry. Pods fully filled, bottom pods are tan or black
• high water volumes (20 gallons/acre)
Concerns from 2015
Faba bean Diseases
Chocolate spot – caused by Botrytis fabae or
Botrytis cinerea
• Faba bean fungicides are registered for control of “grey mould” (Botrytis cinerea)
Faba bean Diseases
What isn’t Chocolate Spot?
• Herbicide Damage
– Group 4 can cause leaf spotting
– High rates of Group 5 can cause lower leaves to turn black, curl, and die back from the edge
– Plants can overcome damage if not too severe
• Other diseases
– Ascochyta
– Alternaria
Photos from Faba Bean Disease book (Sabine)
Insects - Lygus
• 4 species
– Higher risk areas in SK are where high canola or alfalfa acres (NE and MeadowLake)
• Hard to control as insect moves back in after insecticide application
• Max 1% damage for No. 1 grade
Source: S. Phelps, SPG 2014
Source: Olson, M.A. 2014
Other Insects
• Blister Beetles
• Pea Leaf Weevil
• Grasshoppers
• Leafhoppers (AY)
• Aphids
Source: S. Phelps, SPG 2015
Pod splitting
Dark Brown or Black Plants
Frost Damage
Regrowth After Harvest
Lentil
1. Field Selection
• Growing on well drained pieces of land
• Lentils do not like wet feet
• Fields with low weed pressure
2. Seeding
• Seed as early as possible
• Target 12 plants per square foot
– doubled for extra small red lentils
• Seeding rate should increase when there is high weed pressure
• Use thousand seed weight to calculate seeding rate
3. Fertility • Over 25-35 lbs/ac available N,
– additional N will reduce nodulation and fixation
• Above 50 lbs/ac available N, – nodulation will be reduced or absent
• Less than 15 lbs/ac available N, – 18 lbs/ac N added as starter fertilizer may be beneficial
– Due to it takes 3 to 4 weeks for nodule development and N fixation
• P is important for nodule development and N fixation – If less than 20 lbs/ac available P, some should be added at
seeding
4. Weed Control Group 2 and 9 Resistant Kochia in Lentil
• Edge Granular applied in the fall – Will control kochia if application is made before kochia
plants emerge
Pre-seeding
• Aim,
• CleanStart,
• Heat,
• Gramoxone
• MCPA amine
4. Weed Control
Control of Group 2 Resistant Wild Mustard in Lentil
Pre-seeding/emergence
• CleanStart,
• glyphosate,
• Aim,
• Heat,
• MCPA amine
In Crop
• Basagran/Basagran Forté,
• Metribuzin (Sencor Solupak 75 DF, Sencor 75 DF, TriCor 75 DF),
• Viper ADV
5. Residual Herbicides to Watch For
One season after application • At least 30 products that have a one year re-cropping restriction
2nd season after application (ie. 18 months recropping) • Authority/Authority Charge • Quinclorac (Clever, Masterline Quinclorac) • Curtail M • Prestige XC • Infinity/Tundra/Velocity m3 • Muster • Paradigm • Triton C (may be longer in some environments)
3rd or 4th season after application • Metsulfuron (Ally/Accurate)
See 2016 Guide to Crop Protection (pg. 74 & 75)
6. Diseases
Sclerotinia • Scouting for this and other diseases
should begin at early flowering
37
Anthracnose • Many lentil varieties that are
moderately resistant • Favoured by warm moist
weather • Mainly stubble and dust borne • Issue if history of lentils on field
6. Diseases
Ascochyta
• Most damaging to maturing pods and seeds
– If prolonged wet weather during July and August
• Most varieties have moderate resistance
• Seed and residue-borne