LoCal RetreatWinter 2012

David Culler, Randy Katz, Seth SandersUniversity of California, Berkeley

Presentation Outline

• Retreat Purpose and Agenda• What is LoCal?• Project Progress and Status

2

Retreat Goals &Technology Transfer

UC Berkeley Project Team Industrial CollaboratorsGovernment Sponsors

Friends

PeopleProject Status

Work in ProgressPrototype Technology

Early Access to TechnologyPromising Directions

Reality CheckFeedback

3

Sources and LoadsDispatchable Sources

Oblivious Loads

Non-Dispatchable Sources

Aware Loads4

Grid Economics

Most expensive, least efficient energyLatency involved in bringing capacity on line

(or probability of exceeding) 5

BaseCapacity

IntermediateCapacity

PeakerCapacity

Load-followingSupplyDemand Response:

Incentivize reduced loads duringtimes of peak demand

Demand Side Management:Shift demand to reduce peak loads

Load Duration Curve

Grid Economics

(or probability of exceeding) 6

Supply-following LoadsVariable loads, supply aware, based on improved power proportionality, exploitable slack to shift/schedule

Load Duration Curve

IncreasinglyVariable Supply(Renewables) withReduced Base Supply

7

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Mod

els

Mod

els

ControlsControls

Building OSBuilding OS

Plug LoadsPlug Loads

LightingLightingFacilitiesFacilities

BuildingIn

stru

men

tatio

nIn

stru

men

tatio

nM

odel

sM

odel

s

Routing/ControlRouting/Control

Grid OSGrid OS

Demand ResponseDemand Response

Load FollowingLoad FollowingSupply FollowingSupply Following

Grid

Facility-to-Building

Facility-to-Building

Facility-to-Building

Facility-to-Building

Facility-to-Building

Facility-to-Building

Gen-to-BuildingGen-to-Building

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Mod

els

Mod

els

ControlControl

CompressorScheduling

CompressorScheduling

Temperature MaintenanceTemperature Maintenance

Supply-FollowingLoads

Storage-to-Building

Storage-to-Building

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Mod

els

Mod

els

Power-AwareCluster Manager

Power-AwareCluster Manager

Load Balancer/Scheduler

Load Balancer/Scheduler

Web ServerWeb ServerWeb App LogicWeb App Logic

DB/StorageDB/Storage

Machine RoomMR-to-BuildingMR-to-Building

Energy Networks

Gen-to-Grid

Gen-to-Grid

uGrid-to-GriduGrid-to-Grid

Building-to-Grid

Building-to-Grid Building-

to-GridBuilding-to-Grid

Retreat Purpose

• Fifth LoCal Retreat– Alternate between Lake Tahoe in winter and

Santa Cruz in summer

• Project approaching home stretch– Much progress on energy efficient computing

as well as building facilities– SDH as a testbed

• Review recent progress• Direction for next generation project

8

Who is Here?

• Industrial– Autogrid– Cisco– Ericsson– Fujitsu Labs USA– Korea Electronics Technical

Institute (KETI)– Intel– Marvell– Microsoft– Nokia– Oracle– Samsung

• Industrial– Quanta Computers– VmWare

• Academic– UC Berkeley EECS, ME,

Haas School– Columbia, UMichigan– DTU EE, Univ of Munich

• Government/Labs– CIEE– LBNL

9

Retreat Schedule

• Monday, January 90745 Load Bus0800-1200 Bus from Berkeley to Lake Tahoe1200-1330 Lunch1330-1500 Introduction and Overview

Welcome and Project Overview, RandyLandscape of Berkeley Energy Research, DavidEnergy Technology Update, Arka/Mike

1500-1530 Break1530-1700 Lessons Learned from Deployments

Controlling a Campus Building, AndrewLaptop Application, OmarsMAP 2.0, Steve

10

Retreat Schedule

• Monday, January 91700-1800 Short Break

1800-1930 Dinner

1930-2100 Posters and Demonstrations

11

Retreat Schedule

• Tuesday, January 100730-0800 Breakfast0830-1000 New Directions for LoCal 2.0

Societal Scale Energy Management, RandyCalifornia Supply Scaling, JayFlex in California, Sara/Yanpei/JaySiemens CKI: Technology for Sustainable Cities, PrashanthThird World Deployment, Achintya/Javier

1000-1030 Break1030-1200 Short Pitches and Breakouts1200-1630 Lunch + Ski (?) Break

12

Retreat Schedule

• Tuesday, January 101630-1800 Green Information Management

MapReduce Energy Efficiency, Yanpei/SaraPower Capping, ArkaLessons from LBNL Building 90, Steve/Rich Brown

1800-1930 Dinner + Breakout Discussions Continue1930-2100 Breakout Reports and Discussion

13

Retreat Schedule

• Wednesday, January 110730-0830 Breakfast0830-1000 Potpourri

Stirling Engine Update, MikeDemand Response of 199, JayManaging Data Privacy and Security, Prashanth

1000-1030 Break/Room Check-Out/Photo1030-1200 Visitor Feedback1200-1300 Lunch1300-1700 Bus back to Berkeley

Proposed Breakout Topics

1. What is the most effective energy (information) technology to be developed in the next decade that is likely to have the greatest impact on global warming?

2. What is the most effective way to transition LoCal technology developments? Open source, standardization, start-up commercialization?

3. How would you know a good Building OS if you programmed one? What are the figures of merit/attributes of a 21st Century Building OS?

4. Markets vs. Optimization--how should loads and supplies best be matched?

5. What new industries will be possible if high penetration renewables give us cheap but seasonal abundant energy?

6. How do you build & design a net zero grid for the moderate sized island?

Proposed Breakout Topics

7. How do we design for shiftable loads and to enhance power proportionality, particularly at the building/campus/societal scales?

8. What is slack, and how do define slack for a variety of loads?9. What are useful kinds of energy data analytics, at the building,

campus, and societal scales? What are the right figures of merit worth computing? How do you quantify sustainability, for example?

10. What is the minimum operating energy for a specific building, e.g., Soda Hall, and how close are we to achieving the minimum possible?

11. Making the energy case for datacenters: do operators care about energy efficiency? Maximizing utilization vs. energy savings.

12. Buildings vs. computers: which kind of a load should we focus on in the future? What are the high payoff opportunities in computing systems vs. the built environment?