Location, location, location…
Absolute & Relative Location
Geography Unit: Lesson 3
Continents & Oceans• Label the world map with the 7 continents and 5 oceans. • Draw a compass rose.• Be sure to capitalize and check your spelling! • When you are finished, start working the questions on the
back. You will finish the questions for homework.
Continents Oceans
AfricaAsia
Australia Antarctica
North AmericaSouth America
Europe
Atlantic PacificArcticIndian
Southern
Location• Where places are located on earth• 2 types of Location
– Absolute Location• An exact spot on earth (fixed—doesn’t change)
– Latitude/Longitude– Hemispheres– Grid System– Address
– Relative Location• Location determined by comparing one location to another (variable—
changes based on your starting point)– Miles – Distance– Direction
» Example: Canada is north relative to the USA. The USA is south relative to Canada.
Where are you located right now?Relative Location
• How do you get to school from your house? (directions)
Absolute Location
• Latitude & Longitude Locator
Let’s look at a globe…
• What are some things that you see?– Do you see land?– Do you see water?– Do you see lines?
• Are there really lines on the globe?• These are imaginary lines that help us find absolute
location.• Does anyone know any of the names of the
imaginary lines?
Imaginary Lines
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
Equator
Prim
e M
erid
ian
Imaginary Lines Game• To help us understand the positions on the globe we use imaginary lines.
NORTH POLE
TROPIC OF CANCER
EQUATOR
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
ANTARCTIC CIRCLESOUTH POLE
ARTIC CIRCLE
HEAD
EARS
SHOULDERS
WAIST
KNEES
ANKLES
TOES
PRIME MERIDIANNOSE
• You may be familiar with this type of graph from math class. It’s a line graph.
• The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.
Graphs
Graphs
• Each point has two values– The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis– The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis
Y axis
X axis
graphs
• X value stated first, followed by the Y value (X, Y)• When the X and Y value are both zero this is called
the point of origin (0, 0)
(0,0)
(3,8)Y
X
(9,5)
graphs
• A point can also have negative values (-)
• Negative X value are to the left of the origin
• Negative Y value are below the origin
X
Y
(-X,+Y)
(+X,-Y)
(+X,+Y)
(-X,-Y)
(0,0)
From Graphs to Maps• Let’s apply the coordinate plan from math class to maps. • Which imaginary line coincides with the X axis?
– The Equator• Which imaginary line coincides with the Y axis?
• The Prime Meridian• When the X and Y axes intersect on a map it called a set of
latitude and longitude coordinates. Y
X
• The earth can be divided into hemispheres.
– hemi=half– sphere=globe
• What is the name of the imaginary line that divides the Earth into a northern & southern hemisphere?
– Equator
• What is the name of the imaginary line that divides the Earth into a western & eastern hemisphere?
– Prime Meridian
•
Quadrants of the Globe
• Using the Equator and the Prime Meridian as the point of origin the earth is divided into four quadrants, or quarters.
• The quadrants are designated by either N or S AND E or W.
N
S
EW
Quadrants of the Globe • What does the N and S
indicate in terms of position on the earth?– N indicates above the
equator– S indicates below the
equator• What does the E and W
indicate in terms of position of the Earth?– E indicates East of the
Prime Meridian – W indicates West of the
Prime Meridian
(N, W) (N, E)
(S, W) (S, E)
Quadrants of the Globe
SW
NE
SE
NW Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
Equator
Prim
e M
erid
ian
? ?
? ?
Quadrants of the Globe
• In which quadrant is North America?
(N, W)
North America is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian
Quadrants of the Globe • In which
quadrant would Australia be located in?
• This means the latitude & longitude coordinates would be (S, E)(S, E)
Australia is South of the Equator and East of the Prime Meridian
?
What exactly is latitude?• Latitude is the distance
N or S from the equator and is measured along the Y axis
• Values are expressed in degrees from 0°-90° N or S
• What will all points along the equator have?– 0°
Y
X
90°S
90°N
• Lines parallel to the Equator are lines of latitude, or parallels
Equator Latitude 0o
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer
Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn
Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole
South Pole
23½o 23½o
66½o 90o
900
21st June
22nd December
22nd Sept20th March
longitude • Longitude is the distance E or W from the Prime Meridian measured on the X axis
• What value will all points located on the Prime Meridian have?
• Value is expressed from 0°-180° E or W
• 360° total (degrees in circle!)
Y
X
180°W 180°E
• Lines that are east or west of the Prime Meridian are lines of longitude, or meridians
Equator Latitude 0o
Longitude 30o East
Longitude 60o East
Longitude 30o West
Longitude 60o West
Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth
30oE
Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West
Prime Meridian0o Longitude
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
• Look at the diagrams.
• How are lines of latitude and longitude measured?
• degrees
Equator Latitude 0o
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer
Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn
Longitude 30o East
Longitude 60o East
Longitude 30o West
Longitude 60o West
Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole
South Pole
23½o 23½o
66½o 90o
900
21st June
22nd December
22nd Sept20th March
30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW
Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West
Prime Meridian0o Longitude
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.
In which quadrant are these coordinates located in?
•Use the map on your notesheet and a PENCIL to plot the coordinates and label with the correct quadrant (A, B, C, D).
1. 40°N, 20°E2. 37°N, 76°W3. 72°S, 141°W4. 7°S, 23°W5. 15°N, 29°E6. 34°S, 151°E
1. B 2. A 3. C 4.C 5. B 6. D
1
6
2
54
3
A
DC
B
Why is this important?• Using latitude and longitude you are able to locate places
on the globe. • With a set of coordinates, you are able to determine the
quadrant in which a place is located, making it easier to find on a map.
• Also, depending on the degree of latitude, you can approximate what the climate of area might be like. – For example, what do you think the temperature might be like at
the following degrees of latitude? Why?• 66°N• O°• 70°S
Latitude/Longitude Practice• Using the Textbook Atlas on A1-A22, work with your
partner to find the names of the locations at the coordinates listed on the sheet.
• There are hints on the paper to help narrow your focus.
• You may have to look at a world map to find the quadrant the coordinates are in, then find a more zoomed in map on that area.
• You have until the end of the period.