Week 01

_l

How to make a simple paper successfully

withstand the weight of a brick

Failed example

'Cube structure

'The strength of the material wasn't

intensified

Successful example 2

'similar to the folded plate

stru ctu re. The bearing area of the support is

enlarged by using triangle structure(Ching,2008).

'This structure is the biggest one

among the successful cases

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Successful example L

' Similar to a circular column

'Strengthen the thickness of thepaper by folding it several times

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The dome built by stacked stones can be quite strong and can last for a long period. lf the base of the domeis not encircled with a tension ringthe whole structure will not be stable. (Ching, 2008)

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Week 01

Sustainability requirements of construction :

Soil mechanics, plants, solar radiation, precipitation anddrainage, wind, sound and views, zoning ordinance, site accessand circulation, protection, paving (Ching, 2O0B).

Factors of materials: strength, stiffness, shape,economy/ sustainability (Newton, 2OI4).Different cities use different local materials in2008).

construction (Grose, il

*****_$Compression: the material tends to be shortun"J.

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Diagram of load path (ltewton, I t:atic loads can be divided into:

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live loads (collected snow, water);+ *^i_

\, -: ., I $ occupancy loads (weight of people, furniture);; \

r- - | impact loads(kinetic loads of short period) (Ching, 200g).$Y +l<\ ,l

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I Two major type of dynamic toads:

fr "f ,, n'.! : I wind loads(from any horizontaldirection, produce both negative and/'/ y I

positive pressure); earthquake loads(base shear) (ching, 200g).{*il---**;ffi*.-^-;---J *-'-

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Diagram of load path (Newton, i il )rarrc loaos can be divided into:

2or4l , _ r i live loads (collected snow, water);* *^i- ,.:_, -- I $ occupancy loads (weight of people, furniture);

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' ; I $ impact loads(kinetic loads of short period) (ching,2008).ff ' ,l, "i $<\ ll1 rmpact toads(kinetic loads of short period) (Ching, 200g).

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f- two major type of dynamic loads: - *-*l

material behaviours

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Week 01

ln orderto save bricks and build a talltowel, leave spaces between bricks. For

stability, make sure to leave the same space between everytwo bricks and put

them on the exact top of the ones below.

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Mass tower construction I (Qiu Minghui,20L4)

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* Mass tower construction ll (Qiu Minghui,20t4)il:

Make the circular structure become smaller

upper layers. This strategy can save the

number of layers of the tower.

gradually by using less bricks on the

limited resources and increase the

Week 01

$

The upper structure was not stable due to carelessness in construction.

This irregular shape of the tower and the dead load of the upper part influenced the

equilibrium of the whole structure. When the building was constructed to a higher level,

suddenly several bricks fall down from the top.

The collapse point is at the layer which contained merely three bricks. ln my opinion, the

different distances between the bricks may contribute to the collapse.

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Week 01

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ln contrast, another group

bricks in each layer to form

was guaranteed. Howeve;

tower was restricted as well.

built a basis square and reduced the number of

a tower. Thus, the stability of the whole structure

as the resource was limited, the height of this

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Mass tower construction V (Qiu Minghui, 201_4)

Week 02

'Water tank' structure single straw can afford about a 500g-load, 4 straws can stand a 2000g-load.

Using more pins in certainjoint will not affect themodule's ability of bearing

load.

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The load which the structure with 4

columns can stand is almost equalto astraw does, it weighs about 400-5009.

However, if the columns are shortened thenew structure is able to withstand a

10009- load.

The load column can stand can rise byshortening the effective length of thestraw. Meanwhile, the slenderness ratio is

reduced (Ching, 2008).

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Week 02

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il Rrrilrtino crrcrom [- -*l $ Structural system:il I * --; -- . ** s**,ww*w',*.

{ Auilding system [- -l $ Structural system: h-*f fr Solid system:$ tsulldlngsystem { } $ "''""'"' 6 I $ Jurrusysterrr:

$-**".-"-*-**r_*.. , support and transfer the gravity o _- Compression is the main structural action in this system.

$-;uandlateralload(Ching,2o0B)..Therefore,archisveryefficient(Newton,2oI4).t$i{,,w,-il1rr ri i X Snow (surface) system:

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{ $ Enclosure system:.l*{ lt is the shell of thiiii!ff:".', I ll ll:ilfilI'ii,-ebudng I Iaesthetic. regulatorvl I I t!'rrrrts' zvuol l J I Frame (skeletal)system: I

constraints, I i l-- i i lt is an efficient way of transmitting loads down {Newton, 2014), I;;ffi.:' | | lMechanicatsvstem:::-,-:-:^-.- --, | 'l-l lt contains att the services to tle I I I Membrane svstem: I

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considered in$,{tI oeslgnlng:

tvtechantcal system:economy,. .' -- .".-"'"1"., ""It contains all the services to theenvironments and rrrv JLr vrvL

:_.. ' building(Ching,2008). l

construction practices. ";"""'o '-"':'.o' :"""''s

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'a exists in most structures in reality (Newton, 201,4).l:::]:-::^T^. ll I :i#:'

or sequences or the warr to the

| | | lt exists in most structures in reatitv (newton, 2014).

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structure and

construction in column { t { (rhe cotumn is just separated from the wall, $ i $ Roller joint .,.-_-'J-"'- -\

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ano wa'. columns and the wall are the same

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structure in point and I [$***x*:*x****l***olj-.-* { i $ Fixed joint

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I plane (selenitsch,

| :ooet l f Point and plane: A house desisned by a Dutch archirect is an exampre of de stijt styte, a tectoni. .,IGIiiIiiiiIl| (Setenitsch,200s). I

Week 02

The tapes were used to connect the strips on both sides. The length of the two

parallel bars needed to be the same.

It was the fixed joint between strips.

tangular frames, tapes were t

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the process. One column was {

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-JTower construction ll (Qiu Minghui,2OI4)

Week 02

In order to keep the balance

upper part of the tower.

of the whole framework,

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only single piece was attached to the top of the tetrahedron frame to extend the

building's length. when the framework was constructed to a certain level, it seemed

to become rotating to one direction. However, with the support of ceiling frame it

didn't fall down.

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Tower construction lV (el, Minghui, 2014)

Week 02

Tower construction V (Qiu Minghui, 2014)

ln comparison, another group built a tetrahedron frame as the base. Two strips

were applied to connect the bars on the opposite side which made the whole

structure stable. However, the bearing square was a quite small which results in

limitation of the height of the tower. lt was the fixed joints that connect the

strips.

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Su bject glossa ry

Beam: lt is a structural part applied to supports and transfers the load across the space (Ching, 20Og).

Bracing: it is a strudural member that used to carry the lateral loads or forces (Ching, 2OOg),

Column: lt is a slender strudural member applied to withstand the axial compression (Ching, 2008).

Compression: lt is a type of structural force that shortens the material (Ching, 2OOg).

Frame: lt is Senerally the structure contains some joints and structural members like beams or columns (ching, 200g).

Load path: lt is a graphic explanation of how the load is transmitted down (Chjng, 2OO8).

Masonry: lt is the structure that mainly constructed by the stone,

Point load: lt is the load that applies in one single point.

Reaction force: lt is the force the applied only when there is an action force,

Stability: lt is a stable state of a construction which is designed to successfully withstand the gravity loads and the lateral loads(ching, 2Oo8).

Structuraljoint: lt is the joint the ljnk the structural members (like columns) together.

Tension: It is a type of structural force that strengthens the material.

Refe re nce list

ching, F. (2008). Buitding construction illustrated (4th ed')' Hoboken' New Jersey: John willey & sons' lnc'

Grose, M. (2OOS). Watking the constructed city [video recording]'

Availablefromhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGMA71_3H6o&feature=youtu.be

Newton, C. (20t4)' ESD and selecting materials [video recording]'

Available f rom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luxirHHxjlY&feature=youtu'be

Newton,c.(2014).W01-mTlntroductiontomaterlols[videorecording].Available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s CJ8o-lJbg&fs31Llps=youtu'be

Newton, C. (2014)' W01s7 Load path diagrams [video recording]'

Availablefromhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-V15j3lX4&fe31tlrs=youtu'be

Newton, C. (2014)' W02 s2 Structuralioints [video recording]'

Available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxRdYOjsoJo&feature=youtu'be

Newton, C. (2014)' W02 s1- Structurals'/stems lvideo recording]'

Ava i I a ble f rom http ://www.yo ut, n"'.ot/*atch ?v= l--JtP p lBuw&fe61tr l's=yo utu' be

Selenitsch,A.(2008).Columnandwallpointandplane[videorecording].Available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ97Whk1kGU&feature=voutu'be