54
Decarbonisation and city logistics: an overview of innovative concepts Prof. Dr. Cathy Macharis Date
Decarbonisation and city
logistics: an overview of
innovative concepts
Prof. Dr. Cathy Macharis
Date
Power
converters
Battery &
supercap
Models
Vehicle
Simulation
Program
TCO Big
Data
Business
Model
LCATransport
Model
External
Cost
Calculator
MAMCA
MOBI: Themes and Tools
2
MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology
Sustainable Logistics
Electric & Hybrid Vehicles
Urban Mobility
MOBI Team
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 3
MOBIlity, Logistics and Automotive
Technology
Research Centre
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 4
Challenges
Solutions
DecisionsA A A AA
Storyline
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 5Depot Depot
I. Challenges
Depot Depot
MASSIFICATION
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 9
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI
Urbanisation
10
4166%
2050 Megacities
Depot Depot
MASSIFICATION
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 12
ATOMISATION
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 13
Vrije Universiteit Brussel - MOBI MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 14
We need to improve sustainability of our cities
City logistics is responsible of
a quarter of CO2 emissionsa third of NOx emissionsa third of PM emissions
Source: BIM, Brussels, 2015
NO2
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 17
Source : Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie
Cathy
Macharis,
VUB-MOBI
18
19Source: EU transport in figures, Statistical Pocketbook 2014, EC
20 Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI
EU Objectives: City distribution CO2 free by 2030 !!!
II. Solutions
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 23
Awareness
AnticipationAvoidance
Act and shift
4 A’s of sustainable logistics
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI24
.
Programmes & certification
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 25
External cost calculator
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Source: MOBI, 2013
Awareness
AnticipationAvoidance
Act and shift
4 A’s of sustainable logistics
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI28
Product Compaction
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 29
2007
Less volume shipped - Same value
2012
Packaging compaction
Before redesign:
• 252 bags on a pallet
• 61.905 pallets shipped to
Ikea per year
After:
• 360 bags on a pallet
• 43.334 pallets
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 30
Use your capacity
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 33
European trucks are half empty!
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 34
160 billion euros
20%
50%
100%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
% Load factor
Cost of inefficiency
Source: Eurostat Data compiled by F Cruyssen
www.co3-project.eu
Bundling of transport flows
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 35
External
(other
organisations)
External
(Competitors)
External
(Clients)
External
(Suppliers)
Internal Horizontal
Collaboration
Vertical
Collaboration
Supply Chain Cooperation
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 36
MOBI for Innoviris, 2011-2014
City distribution center
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 37
-27% vehiclekms-1% of all flows
Slide 38/16P&G 9/12/2013
TNT-Brussels
Slide 39/16P&G 9/12/2013
Luchthaven
Brussels Hoofdstedelijk
Gewest
Before
Results:
-high impact on emissions:
-24% CO2
-58,5 % PM2,5
-operating costs :doubled!
Mobile depot
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Awareness
AnticipationAvoidance
Act and shift
4 A’s of sustainable logistics
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City barge transport
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City barge transport
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Cargo Bikes
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68%
Night distribution
Night-time deliveries within
STRAIGHTSOL
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 50
Awareness
AnticipationAvoidance
Act and shift
4 A’s of sustainable logistics
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI54
Electric vehicles
55Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 55
Total Cost of Ownership
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Diesel RenaultNew Kangoo
Express
Electric RenaultKangoo ZE
Diesel MercedesSprinter
Electric SmithEdison
TCO
(€
uro
cen
ts p
er
km)
Source: VUB-MOBI, 2015
Big Data in Logistics
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IV. The Decisions
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Possible solutions
Economical Ecological SocialAwareness!Internalisation of external costs + ++ +Programmes & Certification ++ + +
Avoid!Optimisation of loading factors ++ +++ +Horizontal & Vertical Cooperation ++ +++ +++Urban Distribution center & Alternative Consolidation schemes -/+ +++ ++
Act!City barge transport & Pallets +/- +++ ++Cargo Tram +/- +++ ++Night time deliveries + ++ -
Anticipate!Natural Gas + + +Electric Vehicles + +++ ++
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 60
Economical Ecological SocialAwareness!Internalisation of external costs + ++ +Programmes & Certification ++ + +
Avoid!Optimisation of loading factors ++ +++ +Horizontal & Vertical Cooperation ++ +++ +++Urban Distribution center & Alternative Consolidation schemes -/+ +++ ++
Act!City barge transport & Pallets +/- +++ ++Cargo Tram +/- +++ ++Night time deliveries + ++ -
Anticipate!Natural Gas + + +Electric Vehicles + +++ ++
Possible solutions
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Why it fails
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Why it fails
The list is long:
•Leiden
•Malaga
•Nuremberg
•Utrecht
….
Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 63
Multi Actor Multi Criteria Analysis (MAMCA)
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Multi Actor View
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Multi Actor Multi Criteria Analysis
(MAMCA)
Macharis, 2004Cathy Macharis, VUB-MOBI 68
www.MAMCA.be
69MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology
Conclusion
• Sustainable logistics is possible:
–Awareness
– Avoid
–Act and shift
– Anticipate
• Take into account the multi-actor
setting of logistics!
70
5th A: Actor involvement!
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Sustainable city logistics
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AnticipationAvoidance
Act and shiftAwareness
Actor involvement
Competitive Advantage
Get in touch with us!
72MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology
Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo
EV’s and Hybrid vehicles
Prof. Cathy Macharis
Logistics, city distribution and sustainable
mobility
Prof. Peter Van den Bossche
Standardisation and batteries
Prof. Lieselot Vanhaverbeke
Location analysis
Geo-Marketing
Socio-economic aspets of EV’s
Prof. Thierry Coosemans
Electromobility
Prof. Thomas Crispeels
Business Modelling and innovation
Prof. Wouter Verbeke
Big data and data anlaytics
Prof. Noshin Omar
Director Battery Innovation
Centre
Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels
mobi.vub.ac.be
twitter.com/MOBI_VUB
