Feb 5, 8, 11, 13: Learn about life in the ghettosFeb 5, 8, 11, 13: Learn about life in the ghettos
Feb 14: Research & learn about the film Feb 14: Research & learn about the film The The PianistPianist
Feb 18, 19, 21: Feb 18, 19, 21: The PianistThe Pianist
Feb 22: Discuss film & QuizFeb 22: Discuss film & Quiz
Looking Ahead (1/2)Looking Ahead (1/2)
Feb 7, 11, 12, 14: Learn about life in the Feb 7, 11, 12, 14: Learn about life in the ghettosghettos
Feb 15: Research & learn about the film Feb 15: Research & learn about the film The The PianistPianist
Feb 19, 20, 22: Feb 19, 20, 22: The PianistThe Pianist
Feb 25: Discuss film & QuizFeb 25: Discuss film & Quiz
Looking Ahead (3/4)Looking Ahead (3/4)
Feb 5, 7, 8, 12: Learn about life in the ghettosFeb 5, 7, 8, 12: Learn about life in the ghettos
Feb 13: Research & learn about the film Feb 13: Research & learn about the film The The PianistPianist
Feb 15, 18, 20: Feb 15, 18, 20: The PianistThe Pianist
Feb 21: Discuss film & QuizFeb 21: Discuss film & Quiz
Looking Ahead (5/6)Looking Ahead (5/6)
KristallnachtKristallnacht
Survivor TestimonySurvivor Testimony
Video ClipsVideo Clips
HomeworkHomework
Read Leni Hoffman’s testimony & attached Read Leni Hoffman’s testimony & attached Kristallnacht readingKristallnacht reading
Answer the writing prompt on the back of Answer the writing prompt on the back of the the KristallnachtKristallnacht definition. definition.
Hermann GoeringHermann Goering
WWI Pilot & HeroWWI Pilot & Hero
Head of the SAHead of the SA– Wounded in Beer Hall PutschWounded in Beer Hall Putsch– Addicted to MorphineAddicted to Morphine
Hermann GoeringHermann Goering
Created the GestapoCreated the Gestapo
Created first concentration Created first concentration campcamp
Ran the Night of the Long Ran the Night of the Long KnivesKnives
Successor to AHSuccessor to AH
Ordered the “Final Solution”Ordered the “Final Solution”
GestapoGestapo
Geheime StaatspolizeiGeheime Staatspolizei– Secret State PoliceSecret State Police
Oppressed Germans who opposed NazisOppressed Germans who opposed Nazis
Central role in Final SolutionCentral role in Final Solution
Above the LawAbove the Law
RhinelandRhineland
““Buffer Zone” between France & GermanyBuffer Zone” between France & Germany
TOV = Rhineland must not have any TOV = Rhineland must not have any militarymilitary
France: too politically unstableFrance: too politically unstable
Great Britain: Germany almost deserved Great Britain: Germany almost deserved to take it backto take it back
Himmler and TerrorHimmler and Terror
Key questions:Key questions:
How did Heinrich Himmler rise to power?How did Heinrich Himmler rise to power?
What was the role of the SS-Gestapo?What was the role of the SS-Gestapo?
How ‘omniscient, omnipotent and How ‘omniscient, omnipotent and omnipresent’ was the Gestapo?omnipresent’ was the Gestapo?
How important was ‘terror’ to the Nazi How important was ‘terror’ to the Nazi regime?regime?
Rise to power within Nazi PartyRise to power within Nazi Party
‘‘the most colourless personality in the Nazi inner circle’ the most colourless personality in the Nazi inner circle’ ‘‘a shrewd practitioner of power with an eye to the main chance’a shrewd practitioner of power with an eye to the main chance’
‘‘more sinister than Hitler himself’more sinister than Hitler himself’‘‘half crank, half schoolmaster’half crank, half schoolmaster’
1918: Joined German army but failed to see any fighting.1918: Joined German army but failed to see any fighting.
After the war, he became an agricultural student and briefly a After the war, he became an agricultural student and briefly a poultry farmer in Bavaria before joining the NSDAP in 1923. poultry farmer in Bavaria before joining the NSDAP in 1923.
He dreamt of a master race - an Aryan Herrenvolk personified He dreamt of a master race - an Aryan Herrenvolk personified by the early recruits of the SS.by the early recruits of the SS.
1923 – took part in the failed Munich Putsch.1923 – took part in the failed Munich Putsch.
1925: Joined SS Schutzstaffel. 120 men of absolute loyalty and 1925: Joined SS Schutzstaffel. 120 men of absolute loyalty and obedience to Hitler. In 1929, Himmler becomes commander of obedience to Hitler. In 1929, Himmler becomes commander of SS or SS or Reichsführer-SS Reichsführer-SS , but still a relatively small organisation , but still a relatively small organisation
with only 300 members.with only 300 members.
Growth of SSGrowth of SS
In 1930, Himmler appointed a young naval lieutenant, In 1930, Himmler appointed a young naval lieutenant, Reinhard Heydrich as head of a new intelligence unit of Reinhard Heydrich as head of a new intelligence unit of
the SS, known as the SD.the SS, known as the SD.
Heydrich was to become an important architect of he Heydrich was to become an important architect of he Holocaust – he has been described as the ‘blond beast’, a Holocaust – he has been described as the ‘blond beast’, a ‘young evil god of death’ and ‘der Hanker’ (the hangman).‘young evil god of death’ and ‘der Hanker’ (the hangman).
Heydrich was intelligent, ruthlessly ambitious and in many Heydrich was intelligent, ruthlessly ambitious and in many respects the brains behind the later development of the respects the brains behind the later development of the
SS.SS.
By 1931, the SS had grown into an organisation of 10,000 By 1931, the SS had grown into an organisation of 10,000 men and by 1933 52,000 men.men and by 1933 52,000 men.
The SS-GestapoThe SS-Gestapo
March 1933: Himmler became March 1933: Himmler became President President of Police in Munichof Police in Munich and established a and established a model camp in Dachau. He appointed model camp in Dachau. He appointed
Theodore Eicke to be the first commandant Theodore Eicke to be the first commandant of the model camp. Later Eicke was to of the model camp. Later Eicke was to
supervise the multiplying network of terror supervise the multiplying network of terror camps across Germany and Eastern camps across Germany and Eastern
Europe.Europe.
April 1933: Himmler became police commander for the whole of Bavaria, the second largest German state.
April 1934: Himmler successfully exploited a turf war between Goering, the effective head of Prussia, and William Frick, Minister of the Interior for the whole of Germany, to become head of the Prussian Gestapo (Secret State Police).
Heinrich HimmlerHeinrich Himmler1900-19451900-1945
A man often seen as the very A man often seen as the very personification of evil. Heinrich personification of evil. Heinrich Himmler was not only head of Hitler's Himmler was not only head of Hitler's SS police, but was also in charge of SS police, but was also in charge of the death camps in the East.the death camps in the East.
Although Adolf Hitler held the ultimate Although Adolf Hitler held the ultimate responsibility for what became the responsibility for what became the Holocaust, it was Heinrich Himmler Holocaust, it was Heinrich Himmler who essentially laid the plans and who essentially laid the plans and devised the schemes that led to the devised the schemes that led to the killings of six million Jews.killings of six million Jews.
SS and SASS and SA
The SS remained officially under control of the SA. Its absolute loyalty to the The SS remained officially under control of the SA. Its absolute loyalty to the Fuhrer made it the natural choice to carry out the Night of the Long Knives. Fuhrer made it the natural choice to carry out the Night of the Long Knives.
Himmler himself was a key figure in the Night of the Long Knives. Himmler himself was a key figure in the Night of the Long Knives.
He said later:He said later:
‘‘On 30On 30thth June 1934 we did not hesitate to do the duty laid down for us and put June 1934 we did not hesitate to do the duty laid down for us and put guilty friends up against the wall and shoot them…we didn’t talk about it among guilty friends up against the wall and shoot them…we didn’t talk about it among ourselves…Each of us found it appalling yet we are all sure that if such orders ourselves…Each of us found it appalling yet we are all sure that if such orders
were necessary again, we would carry them out as we did then.’were necessary again, we would carry them out as we did then.’
In reward for its loyalty and brutal efficiency, the SS became an independent organisation within the party
Himmer was in charge
Reichfuhrer-SS
The SS StateThe SS StateIn 1936 all police powers were In 1936 all police powers were
unified under Himmler’s unified under Himmler’s control as Chief of German control as Chief of German
Police.Police.
Himmler was therefore in Himmler was therefore in charge of a huge police-terror charge of a huge police-terror
network.network.
Reinhard HeydrichReinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Heydrich was one of Hitler's Reinhard Heydrich was one of Hitler's most ruthless Nazis and second in most ruthless Nazis and second in importance only to Heinrich Himmler in importance only to Heinrich Himmler in the Nazi SS organization and the the Nazi SS organization and the principle planner of the Final Solution. principle planner of the Final Solution. There was even talk of his one day There was even talk of his one day succeeding Adolf Hitler.succeeding Adolf Hitler.