© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Looking Beyond the Network Layer
Asia Technology Forum December 4-5, 2008
Vojislav VuceticSP Marketing, Industry and Technology Marketing Group
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
Agenda
Service Providers Business ObjectivesIndustry and Standards DirectionsService Providers Examples
Verizon Wireless A-IMSAT&T CARTS
Wireline and Wireless Capabilities ComparisonWireline-Wireless Converged ArchitectureSummary
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
IPIP
IntelligenceFlexibilityAdaptability
Meeting Service Provider Challenges To Make the Experience Provider Transition
DifferentiationLoyaltyRevenue
ServicesServices
EfficienciesEfficienciesOpExCapExProfits
ControlControlServiceNetworkBusiness
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4Source: CIBC, Cisco IBSG
Business Trends Impacting Service Providers
Wireline carriers challenged by wireless substitution and VoIP - looking at femtocell as broadband voice alternativeWireline broadband subscribers outpacing cable broadband subscribersIP Video economics clarifying, accelerating spend
Cable CAPEX peaking, subscriber growth slowingCable Labs Advertising RFP - search for new business modelsRespond to satellite HD competition via 1GHz upgrades and SDV
Sub growth slowing in developed markets / growing in emerging marketsWiMax threat driving HSPDA accelerationEnd-to-end IP architecture gaining support (e.g. A-IMS)
OTT voice/video disintermediates SPs in value chainP2P traffic growth degrading SP customer experiencePartnerships with SPs create coopetition model
Cable MSOsCable MSOs
Over-the-Top CarriersOver-the-Top Carriers
Wireline CarriersWireline Carriers
Wireless CarriersWireless CarriersIntegrated Communications
Provider
Integrated Communications
Provider
Experience Provider
Experience Provider
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
Winning Ingredients for Experience Providers Long-Term Growth and Profitability Require Innovation
Build Intelligent,Scalable IP NGN
Develop New Business Models and Partners
Improve the Customer Experience
Focus on New Services and Markets
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
Services in a SP Multiservice network
Consumer Business LegacyservicesWholesale
InternetVoice / Video / data
VoicePSTN / Multimedia
VideoOver the Top
Managed Service
Mobility
PSTNMigrate
Mobile RAN backhaulIP transition
TDMMigrate and evolve to
Ethernet
ATMMigrate and evolve to
Ethernet
F/REvolve to Ethernet
TDM/ATM Ethernet
L2 VPNsPt2Pt
Pt2MPtMPt2MPt
L3 VPNsConnectionless
Value-add ServicesBased on L3 visibility
TDM/ATM Ethernet
L2 VPNsPt2Pt
Pt2MPtMPt2MPt
L3 VPNsL2TP
Connectionless
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
NGN Standards and Industry Directions
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
ITU-T Y.2001 Definition of NGN
Next Generation Network (NGN):a packet-based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies.
It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
ITU-T NGN Architecture
Service ControlFunctions
Transport stratum
Service stratum
ControlMediaManagement
Service UserProfiles
Transport User Profiles
ANI
Transport Control Functions
Resource and Admission
Control Functions
Network Attachment
Control Functions
NNIUNI
Application Support Functions & Service Support Functions
Applications
Transport Functions
End-UserFunctions
OtherNetworks
Service ControlFunctions
Transport stratum
Service stratum
ControlMediaManagement
Service UserProfiles
Service UserProfiles
Transport User Profiles
ANI
Transport Control Functions
Resource and Admission
Control Functions
Resource and Admission
Control Functions
Network Attachment
Control Functions
Network Attachment
Control Functions
NNIUNI
Application Support Functions & Service Support Functions
Applications
Transport Functions
End-UserFunctions
OtherNetworks
NGN Architecture Overview (ITU-T Y.2012)
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
TISPAN Sub-systems
Functional Architecture:Based on well defined sub-systems, functional blocks and defined interfaces
Functional blocks do not equate to devices; one or more functions can reside in a single device and one functional block to be spread over multiple devices.
Applications
Subsystems
RACSResource Admission Control Subsystem
UserEquipment Access Network TISPAN NGN Core
NASSNetwork Attachment
Sub-System
Application Functions (Servers – like Presence Servers, Conferencing Servers, Supplementary Voice services – but also Data Applications like Portals etc.)
Two types of application functions:AF-1 applications: don’t use Service Sub-systemsAF-2 applications: use Service control sub-systems
Application Functions (Servers – like Presence Servers, Conferencing Servers, Supplementary Voice services – but also Data Applications like Portals etc.)
Two types of application functions:AF-1 applications: don’t use Service Sub-systemsAF-2 applications: use Service control sub-systemsRegistration and initialisation of User Equipment
Access Session establishmentNetwork Level ID and authenticationTypically: DHCP-Server, RADIUS-Server, CPE-Config Server.
Registration and initialisation of User EquipmentAccess Session establishmentNetwork Level ID and authenticationTypically: DHCP-Server, RADIUS-Server, CPE-Config Server.
Resource Handling (QoS, Security/NAT) for Access Session (PPP/IP-session) and Application Session (SIP, …):
Resource Handling (QoS, Security/NAT) for Access Session (PPP/IP-session) and Application Session (SIP, …):
Multiple Subsystems defined – using the same transport infrastructure: Core IMS subsystem(the most prominent one)PSTN/ISDN emulation subsystem(PES)
Possible future additions:Streaming SubsystemContent broadcast subsystem
Multiple Subsystems defined – using the same transport infrastructure:Core IMS subsystem(the most prominent one)PSTN/ISDN emulation subsystem(PES)
Possible future additions:Streaming SubsystemContent broadcast subsystem
Transport Functions:Access Switches, DSLAMs,BRAS, …
Transport Functions:Access Switches, DSLAMs,BRAS, …
End Devices (Phone, PC, …) as well as Access Gateway/CPE
End Devices (Phone, PC, …) as well as Access Gateway/CPE
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
Reference Architecture of the IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (TS23.228)
P-CSCF
S-CSCFMGCF HSS
Cx
IP Multimedia Networks
IM-MGW
CS Network
Mn
Mb
Mg
Mm
MRFP
Mb
Mr
Mb
Legacy MobileSignaling Networks
I-CSCF
Mw
Mw
Gm
MjMi
BGCF
Mk
Mk
C, D,Gc, Gr
UE
Mb
Mb
Mb
MRFC
SLF
Dx
Mp
CS
CS
IMS Subsystem
Cx
Mm
AS
ISC Sh
Ut
BGCF Mg Dh
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
Basic Configuration of a 3GPP Access PLMN supporting CS and PS services (using GPRS and EPS) and interfaces – TS23.002
BSS
BSC
RNS
RNC
CN
Node B Node B
IuCS IuPS
Iur
Iub
USIM
ME
MS
Cu
Uu
MSC server SGSN
Gs
GGSN GMSC server
GnHSS
(HLR, AuC)
Gr/S6d
GcC
D
E
EIR
F Gf
GiPSTN
IuCSIuPS
VLR B
Gp
VLR G
BTS BTS
Um
RNC
Abis
SIM
SIM-ME i/f or
MSC server
B
PSTN
cell
CS-MGW CS-MGW
CS-MGW
Nb
Mc Mc
Nb
PSTN PSTN
Nc
Mc
A Gb
Rx
Nc
PCRF Gx
eNB eNB
E-UTRAN-Uu
PDN-GW
MME
S-GW
E-UTRAN
X2
S4
S8 S5
SGiS9
S1-U
S1-MME
S6a
S13
Gx
Gxc
S11
S12S3
3GPP Release 8
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Service Providers NGN Directions
Verizon Wireless A-IMS Evolution and AT&T CARTS
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
ServicesData
Manager
Charging
SecurityManager
BREWSDP
OpenDevice Initiative
VideoAS
SIPAS
SIPAPP3rd Party
AS/SDP
Service Broker
ApplicationManager
Wireline LTE EV-DO
MME RNCRNC
BTSeNB
Wireline IP Layer IMS Non-IMS
SIP/IMS Services Non-SIP/Non-IMS ServicesFollowA-IMS/3GPP Rel 8Functional Grouping
IMS Session Control
Bearer/IP Transport
WSGW SGW HSGW
ENUMServer
SIPAPP
SDP
AppEnablers
(e.g., Presence)
MediaServer
PDN Gateway
Wireless
PCRF
SDP
WEBAPP
Non-SIPAPPNon-SIP
APPNon-SIPAPP
SpecificNon-SIP
APPSpecificNon-SIP
APP
Note: This slide courtesyof Verizon (4/19/08)
Verizon Target Converged Architecture
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
What AT&T Expect From the Network of the Future
Source: Siroos Afshar, AT&T, NXTcomm, June 18, 2007
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
Main GoalProvide a single, common, and shared infrastructure that facilitates the development of real-time services (e.g., voice, video, multi-media)Enables highest quality and availability, the shortest possible TTM, and the lowest cost of operations and maintenance
Architecture PrinciplesTransport via a single, global, IP/MPLS-based networkUniform service support within AT&T network.Flexible and cost-optimized. Enable fast and easy creation of new servicesSupport easy deployment of externally developed services.Build in the infrastructure security, high-availability, and low cost of operation
AT&T CARTS
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
AT&T CARTS – Common Architecture for Real-Time Services
CARTS is based on 3GPP/IMS Source: Hank Kafka, VP-Network Architecture,3G Americas Executive Briefing, November 14, 2007
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
3GPP Access
Non-Roaming Release 8 EPS Reference Architecture
E-UTRANPDN
GatewayServing GatewayeNodeB
PCRF
Operator’s IP Services
HSS
Gxc(Gx+)
S11(GTP-C)
S1-U(GTP-U)
S2b(PMIPv6,
GRE)
MME
S5 (PMIPv6, GRE)
S6a(DIAMETER)
S1-MME(S1-AP)
GERAN
S4 (GTP-C, GTP-U)UTRAN
SGSN
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access
S3(GTP-C)
S12 (GTP-U)
S10(GTP-C)
S5 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
Gx(Gx+)
Gxb(Gx+)
SWx (DIAMETER)
STa (RADIUS, DIAMETER)
ePDG
3GPPAAA
SWn (TBD)
S2c (DSMIPv6)
S2c
S6b(DIAMETER)
SWm(DIAMETER)
SGi
SWa (TBD)
Gxa(Gx+)
Rx+
S2c
UE
UE
UE
SWu (IKEv2, MOBIKE, IPSec)
S2a(PMIPv6, GREMIPv4 FACoA)
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
Wireless/Wireline Convergence
The EPC is not limited to supporting 3GPP IP Access NetworksOther wireless access networks are supported (e.g. CDMA (in Release 8) and WiMaX in future)Wireline access networks can be supported as well
Some features provided by the EPC are applicable to a wireline access network
MobilityPolicy Authentication & AuthorizationAccountingLawful InterceptSecure Access Application Control (e.g. IMS)
Additional Wireline Features to be considered for a converged EPCResidential Network Address Translation (NAT)Location Information
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
EPC Features and Wireline RequirementsMobility
Not all devices need mobility or handover support (nomadic vs. mobile)Mobility features incur additional overall processing and transport costInvoke mobility features only for devices that need it
PolicyBoth wireless and wireline access networks support policy and charging infrastructure Existing standards (3GPP PCC and ETSI TISPAN) are reasonably similarOngoing work to harmonize capabilities and interfaces (Rx and Gq’)Re under definition in TISPAN (Diameter-based)
Authentication and AuthorizationWireline access networks typically either do not perform access authentication, or they are moving away from doing soAuthorization is however still being done, e.g. installation of access network authorization profile from AAA upon network attach Conceptually similar to what is being done in TS23.402 (except for authentication)
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
Accounting3GPP defines an overall charging infrastructure that supports both off-line and on-line charging
On-line charging mostly relevant to wireless thoughCharging rules can be installed by AAA or PCCOff-line charging in 3GPP networks often use GTP’ today, whereas other access networks typically use RADIUS accounting (eventually DIAMETER)On-line charging is based on DIAMETER Credit-Control (DCCA)Overall architecture is similar between wireline and wireless, however deployed protocols and use of on-line accounting may differ
Lawful Intercept3GPP identifies the need for lawful intercept, but does not define the provider internal solution for this Similar solution applies for wireline and wireless networks
Mediation Device (MD) installs content intercept tap in Intercept Access Point (IAP)IAP taps content and sends to MD, which forwards relevant content (and other information) to law enforcement agency
EPC Features and Wireline Requirements
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
EPC Features and Wireline RequirementsSecure Access
Wireline access networks may be either trusted or untrustedThe EPC defines the evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) for secure EPC access over untrusted IP Access Networks
Uses IKEv2 to establish an IPSec tunnel Provides a general solution for access to EPC mobility services over non-3GPP access networks with some key benefits
Can be invoked by only those elements that actually need mobility servicesSolves some residential NAT traversal issues when using network-based mobilityCan be used to enable femto-cells over wireline networks (trusted and untrusted)
Downside to this solution is added tunnel overhead even for trusted IP access networksMay consider skipping ePDG for such trusted IP access networks
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
Additional Wireline RequirementsResidential Network Address Translation (NAT)
Residential NAT is assigned IP address from access networkMobility enabled devices behind NAT will be assigned IP address by NAT
Breaks network-based mobility Possible solution: Operate in bridged mode or tunnel through NAT
Location InformationLocation information needed for emergency services
May also be used for authentication (e.g. NASS-bundled authentication as defined by ETSI TISPAN)
Location information handled outside the EPC today, however converged architecture may consider including it
Could be done as part of PCC infrastructure, or using a parallelarchitecture and interfaces (see e.g. ETSI TISPAN CLF function)
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
One Approach to Converged Architecture
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
Consolidated Wireless and Wireline in 3GPP EPS Architecture
Two different strategies for supporting wireline access networks in the EPS:
Treat the wireline access as an untrusted Non-3GPP IP AccessTreat the wireline access as a trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
S2a(PMIPv6, GREMIPv4 FACoA)
3GPP Access
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
Wireline Access using Untrusted Non- 3GPP IP Access: DSL Example
PDN Gateway
Serving Gateway
PCRF
Operator’s IP Services
HSS
S2b(PMIPv6,
GRE)
S5 (PMIPv6, GRE)
S6a(DIAMETER)
S5 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
SWx (DIAMETER)
ePDG
3GPPAAA
SWn(TBD)
S6b(DIAMETER)
SWm(DIAMETER)
SGi
SWa(TBD)
UE
UE
SWu (IKEv2, MOBIKE, IPSec)
BNG
AN
RG
AN Access Node (DSLAM)BNG Broadband Network GatewayMAG Mobile Access GatewayPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkRG Routing Gateway
Note: Refer to TS 23.402 for further details
UE
Details of untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access not visible to the EPS
No integrated policy, QoS, charging, etc.Wireline access is “just a bit pipe”
UE creates IPSec tunnel to ePDG, and ePDG uses PMIP to PDN GWPCRF can install policies on ePDG for use in the EPC only (Gxb not specified in Release 8 though)
Untrusted Non-3GPPIP Access
Gxc(Gx+)
Gx(Gx+)
Gxb(Gx+)
Gxa(Gx+)
Rx+
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
3GPP Access
Wireline Access as Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access: DSL Example
PDN Gateway
Serving Gateway
PCRF
Operator’s IP Services
HSS
S2b(PMIPv6,
GRE)
S5 (PMIPv6, GRE)
S6a(DIAMETER)
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access
S5 (GTP-C, GTP-U)
SWx (DIAMETER)
STa (RADIUS, DIAMETER)
Note: Refer to TS 23.402 for further details
ePDG
3GPPAAA
SWn(TBD)
S6b(DIAMETER)
SGiUE
UE
SWu (IKEv2, MOBIKE, IPSec)
BNG
AN
RG
Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
BNG will need to be enhanced with PMIPv6 functionality (MAG)Not all devices and services require IP mobility; allow for simple IP service to bypass PDN GatewayAuthentication and policy interfaces in wireline access may not match Gxa and STa
SGiS2a(PMIPv6, GREMIPv4 FACoA)
Gxc(Gx+)
Gx(Gx+)
Gxb(Gx+)
SWm(DIAMETER)
SWa(TBD)
Gxa(Gx+)
Rx+
AN Access Node (DSLAM)BNG Broadband Network Gateway
(next-gen BRAS per TR-101)MAG Mobile Access GatewayRG Routing Gateway (DSL modem
with routing)
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
Converged Architecture Based on Wireline Access as Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access
Cisco has been working on a combined wireless/wireline architecture based on the 3GPP Evolved Packet System and ETSI TISPAN
We have been collaborating with a large US-based service provider on this Several other carriers and vendors are interested in this topicThe initial works already started in 3GPP SA1 and BBF
The following slides provide a very high-level overview of such a possible merged architecture
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
{Gxa, Rq, Ia, location, access}
eBNG(Trusted non-3GPP
IP Access)
eBNG(Trusted non-3GPP
IP Access)
Converged Core Architecture: Simplified View
3GPP Access
Serving Gateway
HSS
3GPP AAAServer
AF
PDNTE
ARFCNG
AAA Server (UAAF+PDBF)
{Ta*,e5}
e1
S6c
S5
Gxc
S6a
SGi
TISPAN elements are shown in blue
Gm, etc. Mw, Mx
“Evolved BNG”
S2a (PMIP, MIPv4)
Note: Fast handover not yet considered
Di, Ds, Iz
I-BGF
eBNG(Trusted non-3GPP
IP Access)
CNGCF e2e3
a3,a4
e1
Note: Multiple (service specific) eBNG are
likely to exist in a single deployment
{PDN Gateway,
C-BGF}
{Gx, Ia}
Wx*
{Rx+, Gq’, location, access}
{S9, location, access, NAT}{PCRF, SPDF,
location-proxy} {Gxd, Ia}
PDN
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
3GPP and non-3GPP Accesses
GPRSAccess
HSPAAccess
LTEAccess
CDMA2000
Access
WiMaXAccess
NGN (TISPAN)Access
WiFiAccess
CableAccess
GPRS PacketCore
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Common IMS
BBFAccess
3GPP and BBF need to work together to support the BBF access into the EPC core
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
Summary
Network Architecture are aligning towards an all IP architecture
Common application execution environment already defined (i.e. IMS and non-IMS)
New opportunity for the service provider to think their network architecture
Share a common IP Core and control layerDedicated access components
The evolution to converged architecture is the activity for standards organizations and forums