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Looking Inside Cells
Plant / Animal / Bacterial
Cell Size Most cells range in size between 1
to 100 micrometers
In 1 meter there are 100,000 micrometers (µm), in 1 mm there are 100 micrometers (µm)
Most cells are visible only with the aid of a microscope
Types of Cells
Cell Wall Surrounds plant,
bacterial, fungi and some protist cells
Function = Used for support / shape and protection
Made of cellulose in plants/ proteins / polysaccharides (big sugar)
Allows water and oxygen to pass through
Cell Membrane Surrounds all cells
Has protein pores
Function = Controls what substances go in and out of the cell
Made of lipids (fats)
Nucleus Not found in bacterial
cells (prokaryotes) Found in plant and
animal cells (eukaryotes)
Located near the center of the cell
Function = Control center, directs cell’s activities, holds genetic material (DNA)
Has 3 main parts
3 Main Parts of the Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane (has pores/controls what moves in and out/protects)
Chromatin (genetic material or DNA and proteins, contains instructions to life)
Nucleolus (makes ribosomes)
Cytoplasm
Thick, jellylike fluid Function = Cushions and protects
the internal organelles, filling the empty space, and keeping everything in place.
Cytoplasmic Streaming (always moving to move things in the cell)
Contains Cytoskeleton (support)
Mitochondria Many found
throughout the cell Jelly bean shaped Function =
“Powerhouse”- produce most of the cell’s energy
Where RESPIRATION takes place
Have own double membrane and DNA/RNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum Found coming out of
the nucleus Looks like a maze of
passageways Function = Carries
proteins and other materials around cell
Rough ER- Ribosomes attached
Smooth ER- No Ribosomes attached
Ribosomes Found attached to
ER or floating in cytoplasm
Very small organelles that contain tRNA
Function = Help produce proteins by reading mRNA
Golgi Bodies or Apparatus Found out in the
cytoplasm Look like flattened
sacs and tubes Function = Receive
and package proteins etc. to be shipped around and out of the cell
“Blebs” are the bubble like packages they create
Vacuoles Found in the cytoplasm Look like a fluid filled
bubble Function = Used as a
storage area for extra food / water / wastes / etc.
Plant cells have a central vacuole that is important in maintaining plant turgidity
Some animal cells have no vacuoles
Lysosomes Found floating in the
cytoplasm Look small and
round Contain harsh
chemicals and enzymes (type of protein)
Function = Used to breakdown food and old cell parts
Chloroplasts Not found in animal
cells or most bacterial cells
Found in all plant cells and some protists
Large, green jellybean structures
Function = Contain Chlorophyll (green pigment) that captures energy from the sun
Where part of photosynthesis takes place
Comparing CellsBacteria
l Cell
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell Wall Yes Yes No
Vacuole No Yes (central vacuole)
SometimesNo
central
Chloroplasts
No Yes No
Eukaryote(nucleus)
No Yes Yes
Prokaryote(no
nucleus)
Yes No No
Connecting it AllCells Tissues Organs
Organ SystemsOrganismsCells – basic unit of structure and function
Tissues - groups of cells that perform a common function
Organs - group of tissues that perform a specific function
Organ System – collection of organs that work together
Organism – a living thing
Specialized Cells