Looping Exam #2

(Minerals, Rocks, & Plate Tectonics )

TriviaHow well do you know your stuff?

What is the dark colored rock that makes up much of the ocean

floor?

Basalt

What is the cycle that slowly moves the soft

rock in the mantle, transferring heat, and

moving the plates around on Earth?

Convection Currents

The layer of Earth that is described as a solid,

dense, metal ball is the _______.

Inner Core

_______ is the stress that pushes rock in 2 opposite directions.

Shearing

What type of geologic

event can occur at the San Andreas

Fault in California?

Earthquakes

Two continental plates that crunch or smash together slowly can

produce ___.

Mountains

Which layer of Earth is made of liquid nickel &

iron and moves to create Earth’s magnetic field?

Outer Core

Wegener’s hypothesis of ___________

states that the continents were once joined

together.

Continental Drift

What is the type of heat transfer where a metal spoon heats up if its left

in a hot pot of soup?

Conduction

The single landmass that broke apart millions of

years ago is called ________.

Pangaea

A mid-ocean ridge forms where two plates pull apart. The stress

that pulls on the crust where two plates are moving apart is

called _____.

Tension

The heat you feel when you stand in front of a fire is an example of

which form of heat transfer? (Hint: Energy transfer through space in the form

of rays or waves)

Radiation

____ are waves of energy that move through Earth

generated by earthquakes. Geologists use these to

study about Earth’s interior.

Seismic Waves

A____ fault describes the way rock breaks at

transform boundaries. This break results from the stress of shearing.

Strike-Slip

Multiple Choice:The ____ heats the mantle and makes the convection currents move.A. sunB. coreC. geothermal activity

The CORE!

What kind of fault results from converging plates?

Reverse

What are 3 geologic events/formation that

happen on Earth due to plate tectonics?

Earthquakes,Volcanoes,Mountain

Building, Rift valleys, Sea-floor

spreading…

Name and describe the process that is happening at letter Z.

Subduction

As plates come together at a convergent boundary, the denser oceanic plate sinks under (sub=under) the less dense plate.

• Earthquakes may happen when rock breaks along cracks in Earth’s crust. These cracks in the crust are called ______.

• A. Ridges• B. Continents• C. Faults• D. Tunnels

• C. Faults

• The point on Earth’s surface where the earthquake is the strongest and most damaging is called the ______.

A.Center B.Breaking pointC.Trigger D.Epicenter

• Epicenter

• The earthquake in Japan was reported as a 9.0 on the Richter Scale. What does this tell us about the earthquake?

A.How long the quake lastedB.The time of day the quake beganC.The size/magnitude of the quakeD.How much it will cost for repairs

• C. The size/magnitude of the quake

A string of islands that forms where two convergent plate boundaries collide is called _____. The Aleutian, the Caribbean, and Japan are all examples of this type of geologic formation.

• A. A Mountain Range• B. An Island Arc• C. A Trench• D. A Subduction Zone

• B. An Island Arc

• The area under Earth’s surface where rock is stressed until it breaks and starts an earthquake is called the _____________.

• A. Focus• B. Core• C. Rock Fall • D. Mantle

• A. Focus

When the earthquake off the coast of Sumatra occurred, damage was reported by people who survived the earthquake. These reports were used to determine the level of damage in the area on a scale using Roman Numerals. What is the name of the scale?

• A. Richter Scale• B. Geiger Scale• C. Earthquake Scale• D. Mercalli Scale

• D. Mercalli Scale

• A tall cone-shaped mountain with explosive eruptions is a ________ volcano. Mount St. Helens, Mount Vesuvius, and Mount Fuji are all examples of this type of geologic formation.

• A. Composite• B. Cinder cone• C. Shield• D. Lava dome

• A. Composite

Hot Springs and Geysers are two examples of____ . These may be found where there is evidence of past or present volcanic activity.

• A. Areas of Geothermal Activity• B. Areas where old people live• C. Areas where the ground is cooler • D. Areas of muddy water

• A. Areas of Geothermal Activity

In Hawaii there are several wide, gently sloping volcanic mountains. These are examples of a ___________ volcano.

• A. Composite• B. Cinder cone• C. Shield• D. Lava dome

• C. Shield

• How are igneous rocks formed?

• By the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava

• How are metamorphic rocks formed?

• By being exposed to extreme heat and pressure without melting

• How are sedimentary rocks formed?

• Mainly by the compaction and cementation of sediments

• Why are minerals considered the “building blocks” of rocks?

• Minerals come together to form rocks.

• True or False?

As you go deeper into Earth both temperature and pressure increases.

• True

• Plants, animals, and people are living things. ____ is another word used to describe materials that were once part of one of these types of living things.

• Organic

• The correct order of the Earth’s layers starting from the OUTSIDE going in is…

• Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

• James was explaining to another student that minerals are made by the earth, have nothing in them that was ever alive and have a special composition and structure. He then said that the exact definition of a mineral is

A Mineral is…

• a naturally occurring, • inorganic solid, • with a definite chemical composition, • and a crystalline structure

• In science, many things are classified (put into groups) for various reasons. In Earth Science, rocks are classified by

• By how they are formed

• If a sedimentary rock was exposed to extreme heat and pressure to the point that it melted back into magma, using what you know about the rock cycle, what classification of rock would it become next?

• Igneous rocks

• A cone-shaped mountain that erupts ash, cinders, & bombs is a _____________ volcano. Wizard Island, Paricutin, and Sunset Crater are all examples of this type of geologic formation.

• A. Composite• B. Cinder cone• C. Shield• D. Lava dome

• B. Cinder cone

• An area around the Pacific Ocean where there is a major belt of active volcanoes is known as ________.

• A. the Hawaiian islands• B. the Philippine islands• C. the Ring of Fire• D. the Aleutian islands

• C. the Ring of Fire

• Underwater earthquakes, explosive volcanic eruptions, and/ or large underwater rock movement can trigger huge ocean waves that may cause extreme flood damage to an area. These huge ocean waves are called ____________________.

A.tsunamisB.tidal wavesC.breaker wavesD.seismic waves

A. tsunamis

On the Hawaiian Islands several volcanoes continuously erupt lava that is low in viscosity with low silica content. This type of eruption is an example of a(n) __________eruption.

A.quietB.ventC.explosiveD.lava fountain

A. quiet

• If you were in a tall office building during an earthquake, which type of seismic wave would be responsible for the violent shaking you feel?

A. S wavesB. Surface wavesC. Sonar wavesD. P waves

• Surface waves

In 1980 Mount St. Helens erupted for the first time in 120 years. Its magma was high in viscosity with high silica content. This type of eruption is an example of a(n) _________ eruption.

A.quietB.ventC.explosiveD.lava fountain

• C. explosive

• Which of the following would be the best model of an erupting volcano?

A.Clay hardens when it is baked in an oven.B.A car goes faster when the accelerator is

pushed.C.Water in a pot gets hotter when the pot is

heated on a stove.D.Carbon dioxide dissolved in soda pop rushes

out when the pop is opened.

• D. Carbon dioxide dissolved in soda pop rushes out when the pop is opened.