LoRaWAN™ for Smart CitiesMunich, May 2015
Jonathan Pearce Wireless Marketing Manager
www.LoRa-Alliance.org
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IoT Context … by Range• IoT is all encompassing, with ranges scaling
from wearables to the wide-area• Data becomes valuable when connected to
the cloud
PersonalArea
BT / NFC
BuildingArea
WiFi / ZigBee
WideArea
Cellular / Satellite
€ Value $ £
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LoRaWAN™ Use-Cases:
Smart CitySmart EnergySmart Home and SecuritySmart AgricultureLight Control
Monitoring/ Control
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Essential Requirements
✓#1 - Long Range, greater than existing infrastructure✓#2 - Long battery autonomy, 10 years or more✓#3 - Low cost: infrastructure, nodes, service✓#4 - Scalable & robust infrastructure✓#5 - Secure and trusted✓#6 - Simple commissioning✓#7 - Open & interoperable standard✓#8 - “Killer-App” features✗High data rate – not needed in most IoT systems
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What is LoRaTM Technology?
A combination of two major concepts:
• LoRaTM spread spectrum modulation• Provides the core long range capability
Up to 5km range in urban environment, up to 15km suburban• Developed by Cycleo, acquired by Semtech• Powerful gateway baseband allows multiple receive channels
• LoRaWANTM network protocol stack• Provides the cellular network (aka large-star topology)• Defined by IBM & Actility, made open by the LoRaTM Alliance• Flat & modern “software defined” architecture:
• Routing complexity is centralized in the cloud data center• Gateways are relatively basic RF-to-IP packet forwarders
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LoRaTM uses ‘Chirp’ spread spectrum modulation
Innovative & cost sensitive transceiver implementation Demodulate signals below the noise floor, improving sensitivity by ~20dB Robust against interference, noise, and jamming from WiFi, BT, GSM, 3G, LTE Multiples signals can occupy the same channel (CDMA) Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS or narrow-band)
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95
100
105
110
115
120
125
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135
140
145
bits/secsensitiv
ity (
dB
m)
GFSK
LoRa
-138dBm
#1 – Long-Range Modulation
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LoRaWAN™ Coverage Test
• 1000 node demo during Electronica trade-show
• 6 gateways, giving full coverage of NW quarter of Munich City
• 15km between suburban GWs• 5km between urban GWs• Excellent robust comms and
indoor penetration
Smart City Coverage !
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#2 – Long Battery Autonomy
Rx slots 1 & 2 are optional for ACK or DL Fast Rx sync means unused Rx slots use
negligible energy compared to Tx
End Device
Tx Packet
End device sleeps Rx slot 1 Rx slot 2
Typ. 40mA @+14dBm Typ.
1uATyp.
11mA
1 second
1 second
5 Symbols:5.1 ms @ SF710.2 ms @ SF8…164 ms SF12
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#2 – Long Battery Autonomy Assumptions:
20 transactions / day Sleep current ~1uA (including the MCU) MCU is mostly Off during Tx ACK not used The energy usage of the 2 unused Rx windows is negligible (<1%) Pout = +14 dBm, IDDTX = 40 mA
Tx Payload size (Bytes)
290 bpsSF12
1 kbpsSF10
5.4 kbpsSF7
4 ~5.3 uA ~2.3 uA ~1.2 uA16 ~8.4 uA ~3.2 uA ~1.4 uA32 ~12.5 uA ~4.4 uA ~1.6 uA
Typical solution using a 16 byte payload and mostly SF10 needs only 300mAh battery for 10 year autonomy
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LoRaTM Modulation Benefits(#3 – Low Cost & #4 – Scalable)
Key Features Application Benefit
162dBm link budget (-148dBm sensitivity, +14dBm Tx @ 868MHz) Longest range
Jamming resistant – tolerant to burst interference
Robust links and network efficiency>100dB blocking
Simultaneous transmissions on same channel
Insensitive to XTAL offsets (no TCXO)
Lower system costEliminates need for repeaters
10mA RX current, nA sleep current Extended battery lifetime
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What is LoRaWANTM Protocol?(WAN = Wide Area Network)
Bidirectional Bidirectional Scalable Capacity Broadcast
Security Unique ID Application Key Network Key
A Large-Scale, Bi-directional, Secured, Cellular NetworkDesigned for low data-rate (~1kbps), low duty-cycle (~100mins),
high capacity (~100k nodes) & long battery life (~10yrs)Developed, maintained and promoted by the LoRaTM Alliance Microchip is a founder member and sits on Strategic, Marketing
& Technical committeesDeployable as both public or private networksScalable from a single gateway to national coverage
Multi-Usage High capacity Multi-tenant Public networks
Low Cost Minimal infrastructure Simple gateways Low cost end-nodes
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#4 - LoRaWANTM Infrastructure Private Network
Individually managed networks, total end-to-end ownership Public Network
Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes Hybrid Network
Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN server product
Products with Microchip LoRaWANTM Modem
LoRaWANTM
GatewaysLoRaWANNetwork Server
End Users Telco Operator
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Case Study: Senet (USA)
A single business case was enough to justify building a private LoRaWAN™ network Heating fuel (propane) delivery to residential properties Previously inefficient – were filling cautiously when still 50% full Adding cloud-connected level sensor reduces 2 to 3 deliveries / year Also creates customer interaction, fuel level data is viewable online Looked at cellular (too power hungry) and Wi-Fi (intrusive to
customer’s network) but found LoRaWAN to be the best solution
Once established, Senet is able to open this LoRaWANnetwork as a public service Multi-tenant business model further improves revenue and ROI Expands network, improves density & capacity ‘Almost instant’ availability of a public network
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#5 – End-to-end SecurityM
CH
P M
odem
ParserLoRaWAN SlaveRadio driver
LoRa Radio
SPI
Customer Node App
UART
Coax
LoRa NodeConcentrator GPS
PPSCoax
Packet Forwarder
Gateway
Network ControllerCLOUD
Server IF
TCP/IP
LoRaWAN Master
Customer Server App
Data base
Logical connection - AES128 NwksKey
Secure Payload Data - AES128 AppsKey
SPI UART
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#6 – Simple Commissioning
“No touch” out-of-the-box commissioning Two activation methods available:
OTAA Over-the-Air Activation Based on Globally Unique ID Flexible Channel Plan
ABP Activation-By-Personalization Shared keys stored at production Locked to a specific network
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#7 – Open Standards& The LoRaTM Alliance
www.LoRa-Alliance.org
An open, non-profit association of members that believes the Internet-of-Things era is now
Already more than 40 companies have joined with over 400 requests for membership
Missionto standardize Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) being deployed around the world to enable Internet-of-Things(IoT), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), smart city and industrial applications
The Alliance members will collaborateto drive the global success of the LoRaTM
protocol (LoRaWANTM), by sharing knowledge and experience to guarantee interoperability between operators and devices in one open global standard
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#8 – The “Killer App”
X1,Y1,Z1
ΔT1
ΔT2
ΔT3
X2,Y2,Z2
X3,Y3,Z3
Computation Performed In the Cloud
Localization• Node positioning to 10m• No reception or computation
burden on the end-node• Positioning functionality with
10 year battery life
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Next Steps …
Visit us on the Mouser Stand
www.LoRa-Alliance.orgwww.Microchip.com/LoRa
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Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KeeLoq, KeeLoq logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2015, Microchip Technology Incorporated, All Rights Reserved.