Los factores psicosociales y la participacion de los trabajadores:Mecanismos de mejoramiento continuo de la salud y seguridad laboral

Dr. Maria Brunette, Associate ProfessorCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell

La Promocion de una Cultura de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo

3 de Agosto del 2013

Preguntas preliminares…

• Como el trabajo impacta la calidad de vida de trabajadores?

• Como podrian ingenieros y profesionales de salud publica trabajar proactivamente para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo?

Conceptos globales…

• Concepto de Salud (OMS)• Contexto Socio-Economico de las

Enfermedades• Ergonomia y Salud Ocupacional: Enfoque

Multinivel

Concepto de Salud (OMS)

«La salud es un estado de completobienestar físico, mental y social, y no solamente la ausencia de afecciones o enfermedades.»

Preámbulo de la Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 1946)

JOB SKILLSLITERACY / EDUCATION

INCOME

Contexto Socio-Economico de las Enfermedades

Health

Ergonomia, Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional: Enfoque Multinivel

Brunette e Ibarra (2011)

Cultural

Factors

WORK SYSTEM

Worker

Tools &

technologies

Organization

Environment

Tasks

Local communities

Social,

Economic

and

Political

Context

EXTERNAL

ENVIRONMENT

Psychosocial Work Factors

“interactions between and among work environment, job content, organizational conditions and workers’capacities, needs, culture, personal extra-job considerations that may, through perceptions and experience, influence health, work performance and job satisfaction”

OIT (1986)

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The community

Work

The social

environment

The family

The person

Factors Influencing Psychosocial IssuesSo

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Psychosocial Factors

Work Organization:

How work is organized, supervised, and carried out

Subjective Perceptions of the Work Organization

The Psychosocial Work Environment

Psychosocial Hazards

Causal Path for Work-related MSDs

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Psychosocial work factors

Job demands:

Quantitative workload

Variance in workload

Work pressure

Cognitive demands

Emotional demands

Psychosocial work factors

Job content:

Repetitiveness

Utilization and development of skills

Challenge

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Psychosocial work factors

Job control:

Task/instrumental control

Decision/organizational control

Control over physical environment

Resource control

Control over work pace: machine-pacing

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Psychosocial work factors

Social interactions: Social support from supervisor and colleagues Supervisor complaints, praise, monitoring Dealing with (difficult) clients/customers

Role factors Role ambiguity Role conflict

Job future and career issues: Job future ambiguity Fear of job loss

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Psychosocial work factors

Technology issues:

Computer-related problems

Electronic performance monitoring

Organizational and management factors:

Participation

Management style

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For the worker:

higher risk of accident

increased family or social problems

stigmatization and discrimination

deteriorating health

physical or psychological illness

pain, distress, disability and death

Consequences

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Consequences

For the enterprise or organization:

poor morale

increased absenteeism, turnover

reduced productivity

reduced profits or services

higher costs

reduced competitiveness

Key Resource

• “Health Impact of Psychosocial Hazards at

Work: An Overview”

• Source: World Health Organization (2010)

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/hazardpsychosocial/en/index.html#

Como podemosoperacionalizar estemensaje?

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Preguntémosle a la gente!

Quality of Working Life among Industrial Workers in Peru

Research Model

GLOBAL QWL

Health Status

Musculoskeletal symptoms

Psychological

distress

Worker satisfaction

Control Variables

age, educational status, gender

GLOBAL EXPOSURE

SAFETY AND HEALTH

ERGONOMICS

JOB DEMANDS

JOB CONTROL

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

SUPERVISOR-RELATED

DISCRIMINATION-RELATED

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Participación de los Trabajadores• Participatory Design/Diseño

participativo

• Worker

Empowerment/Empoderamiento del

trabajador

• Popular-Adult Education Methods/

Metodos de Educacion

Popular&Adulta

Diseño Participativo…

Participación de los Trabajadores

Diseño Participativo…

Participación de los Trabajadores

Empoderamiento del

Trabajador…

Participación de los

Trabajadores

Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…

Participación de los Trabajadores

Cheo

Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…

Participación de los Trabajadores

Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…

Participación de los Trabajadores