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Transitive/IntransitiveTransitiveMereka membeli pakaian Di toko murah itu

Subject Verb Object Prepositional phraseThey bought clothes In that cheap shop.

Intransitive

Anita menyanyi di kamar mandi

Subject Verb Prepositional phraseAnita sang in the bathroom

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Sound ChangesInitial letter of

base wordExample of base word

prefix Example of Men- verb

Englishmeaning

l lihat me- melihat To see, look

m maki memaki To swear

n nanti menanti To wait

ng nganga menganga To be agape

ny nyanyi menyanyi To sing

r raba meraba To touch, feel

y yakin meyakinkan To convince

w warnamewarnai To colour

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b bisu Mem- membisu To stay mute

f fitnah memfitnah To slander

vvonis memvonis To sentence

*p pukul memukul To hit

d dengkur Men-mendengkur To snore

j jajah menjajah To colonise

c cari mencari To look for

*ttari menari To dance

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a atur Meng- mengatur To organisee erang mengerang To moan

i ikat mengikat To tie

o obrol mengobrol To chatu ukar mengukur To measure

g garuk menggaruk To scratch

h hukum menghukum To punish*k kejar mengejar To chase

*s setir Meny- menyetir To drive

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Latihan 1BASE WORD MEN- WORD ENGLISH MEANING

kira

masak

potongrusak

buka

gambar

tulis

bawa

sesal

hafal

gapai

lotot

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Latihan 1BASE WORD MEN- WORD ENGLISH MEANINGkepit

umpat

ambil

ekor

nebeng

cium

tolak

usap

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Latihan 2

Working in pairs, take turns to dothe following:1. Practise pronouncing the basewords and the meN- words from

Latihan 1.2. Act out each of the verbs whileyour partner guesses the meaning.

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Transitive meN- verbs

In transitive verbs, meN- indicates activevoice (also called subject focus). That is, ittells us that the focus of the sentence is onthe actor, who is also the subject of thesentence.

MeN- contrasts with the di- prefix in that di-indicates passive voice (also called objectfocus), where the focus is on the object of the sentence.

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Me-N verbs with noun baseSome transitive meN- verbs come from nouns. Thefollowing verbs mean do something associated with thebase word or using what is indicated by the base word

BASE WORD ENGLISHMEANING

MEN- VERB ENGLISHMEANING

borgol handcuff memborgol To handcuff

cat paint Mencat,mengecat

To paint (egthe wall)

parut grater memarut To gratesapu broom menyapu To sweep

semir polish menyemir To polish

sisir comb menyisir To comb

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Me-N verbs with verbal baseOther meN-verbs have a verbal base and thepresence of the prefix is required to make a

well-formed verb

BASE WORD ENGLISHMEANING

MEN- VERB ENGLISHMEANING

baca To read membaca To read

buka To open membuka To open

lihat To look, see melihat To look, see

siram To spray, water menyiram To spray, water (garden)

tutup To close, shut menutup To close, shut

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Intransitive meN- verbs

With intransitive verbs, the prefix meN-indicates different meanings.Formation of base word.As with transitive verbs, the meN- prefixis needed in some intransitive verbs for the base word to be well formed or makesense. In some cases, the base wordcannot occur without it.

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To do something associated witha base word

BASE

WORD

ENGLISH

MEANING

MEN-VERB ENGLISH

MEANINGludah spit meludah To spit

rokok cigarette merokok To smoke

susu milk menyusu To suckle

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To be like what the base wordindicates

BASE

WORD

ENGLISH

MEANING

MEN- VERB ENGLISH

MEANING

gunung mountain menggunung To pile up

puncak peak memuncak To peak,culminate

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To go to where the base wordindicates

BASE

WORD

ENGLISH

MEANING

MEN- VERB ENGLISHMEANING

darat land mendarat To go to land,to land

dekat near mendekat To move close

jauh far menjauh To move away

seberang across menyeberang To go to theother side, to

cross

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Sound words (onomatopoeia) These are

the words that resemble the noise made byeither animals or humans.

BASE WORD ENGLISHMEANING

MEN- VERB ENGLISHMEANING

aum roar mengam to roar (tiger)

cicit squeak mencicit to squeak

dengkur snore mendengkur To snore

embik bleat mengembik To bleat

eong miaow mengeong To miaow

gonggong bark menggonggong To bark

keluh sigh mengeluh To sigh,complain

raung Roar, wail meraung To roar, wail

ringkik neigh meringkik To neigh

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To become what the base wordindicates

BASE WORD ENGLISHMEANING

MEN- VERBS ENGLISHMEANING

bengkak swollen membengkak To swellbusuk rotten membusuk To rot, go off

cair liquid mencair To melt

kering dry mengering To dry up

kuning yellow menguning To becomeyellow

putih white memutih To become white(greying)

tebal thick menabal To thicken

tipis thin menipis To thin out

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MeN- adjectivesInterestingly, some meN- words are adjectives rather thanverbs. The following mean in the shape indicated by thebase word.

BASE WORD ENGLISHMEANING

MEN-ADJECTIVE

ENGLISHMEANING

lingkar circle melingkar curled

panjang long memanjang Lengthwise,elongated

Another example is the word menarik, which comes from the verbtarik (pull)

Menarik (verb) to pull

Menarik (adjective) interesting, attractive

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Latihan 3Indicate whether the following sentences are transitive or intransitive.The verbs to which you should pay attention are underlined.1. Polisi memborgol tangan pencuri itu.

2. Bibi saya mengeluh tentang suaminya setiap hari.3. Anjing tetangga saya selalu menggonggong pada malam hari.4. Kami membantu memarut kelapa di dapur.5. Pada musim panas danau it mengering.6. Presiden itu menginap di hotel bintang lima.7. Darahnya mendidih ketika mendengar berita itu.

8. Ketika melihat saya dia menjauh.9. Kakak saya mencat dinding kamarnya kemarin.10. Mereka menysemir sepatu untuk mendapatkan uang.

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Latihan 4

Write the following sentences in Indonesian.

1. The snake curled up on the tree.2. My mothers story is very interesting.3. The food is starting to go off.4. My fathers hair is greying.5. Goats and sheep bleat.6. My friend smokes clove cigarettes from Indonesia.7. The plane landed in Jakarta at 10:30 am.8. The fled to a safer place.9. She combs her daughters hair every morning.10 I dont understand the question.

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Latihan 5Here are some pictures of animals. Find meN- verbs todescribe their sounds.

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Summary

MeN- verbs can be transitive or intransitive

MeN- verbs can have a noun base or a verbal baseIn many cases, the meN- prefix is required for the basework to be well-formed or to make sense; in some casesthe base word cannot occur by itself.Some meN- words are adjectives rather than verbs.