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Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods
Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods
Landscapes For WildlifeLandscapes For Wildlife
www.lsuagcenter.com/lyn
Attracting WildlifeAttracting Wildlife
• Food– Fruit-bearing– Nectar plants– Larval Plants
• Cover• Water
– Puddling station– Birdbaths
• Food– Fruit-bearing– Nectar plants– Larval Plants
• Cover• Water
– Puddling station– Birdbaths
• Managing for Wildlife
• Weeds
• Nuisance Animals
• More Information
• Managing for Wildlife
• Weeds
• Nuisance Animals
• More Information
All Animals Need:All Animals Need:
FoodCoverWaterSpace
Animals will only reside or forage in anarea that contains enough of these fouressential elements to maintain daily activities.
FoodCoverWaterSpace
Animals will only reside or forage in anarea that contains enough of these fouressential elements to maintain daily activities.
HabitatHabitat
FoodFood
• Fruit• Seeds• Insects• Nectar• Larval• Meat• Remember to provide food year-round,
especially in winter.
• Fruit• Seeds• Insects• Nectar• Larval• Meat• Remember to provide food year-round,
especially in winter.
Attract a variety of birds, reptiles, bats, butterflies and other insects
Attract a variety of birds, reptiles, bats, butterflies and other insects
Fruit-bearing Plants for Louisiana
Fruit-bearing Plants for Louisiana
Beautyberry Calicarpa americanaBeautyberry Calicarpa americanaMuscadine Vitis spMuscadine Vitis sp
Fruit-bearing plants available at many nurseries or retailersFruit-bearing plants available at many nurseries or retailers
Firethorn Pyracantha spp.Firethorn Pyracantha spp.
Large evergreen shrub
Bears flowers and fruit
Good wildlife food and cover
Full sun to partial shade
Does best in well-drained soil
Large evergreen shrub
Bears flowers and fruit
Good wildlife food and cover
Full sun to partial shade
Does best in well-drained soil
Parsley HawthornCrataegus marshallii Parsley HawthornCrataegus marshallii
• Large shrub
• Flowers in spring
• Fruits in fall
• Very good for attracting birds that eat its fruit and nest in shrub
• Large shrub
• Flowers in spring
• Fruits in fall
• Very good for attracting birds that eat its fruit and nest in shrub
Pecan Carya spp.Pecan Carya spp.• Many varieties.
• Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil.
• Nuts are excellent human and wildlife food.
• Many varieties.
• Prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soil.
• Nuts are excellent human and wildlife food.
HickoryHickory• In the genus Carya
• Includes 12-13 species native to N.A.
• Nuts used as food by many species of wildlife and leaves used by some larvae of butterflies and moths
• In the genus Carya
• Includes 12-13 species native to N.A.
• Nuts used as food by many species of wildlife and leaves used by some larvae of butterflies and moths
MayhawsCrataegus poaca and Crataegus aestivalis
MayhawsCrataegus poaca and Crataegus aestivalis
• Usually reach 20-30 feet tall at maturity.
• Native to habitats that have low, wet and slightly acid soils.
• Full sun to partial shade.
• Berries ripen from mid-April to mid-May.
• Fruit for human consumption and wildlife.
• Usually reach 20-30 feet tall at maturity.
• Native to habitats that have low, wet and slightly acid soils.
• Full sun to partial shade.
• Berries ripen from mid-April to mid-May.
• Fruit for human consumption and wildlife.
Mulberry Morus rubraMulberry Morus rubra
• Large, native tree ~ 40 ft
• Full sun
• Throughout Louisiana
• Edible fruit in spring
• Brittle bark, messy
• Large, native tree ~ 40 ft
• Full sun
• Throughout Louisiana
• Edible fruit in spring
• Brittle bark, messy
Holly
Ilex spp.
Holly
Ilex spp.• Native and introduced
trees• Sun to partial shade• Range varies• Fruit remains through
winter, attracting birds• Salt-, drought- and shade-
tolerant• Suckers
• Native and introduced trees
• Sun to partial shade• Range varies• Fruit remains through
winter, attracting birds• Salt-, drought- and shade-
tolerant• Suckers
Gallberry Ilex glabraGallberry Ilex glabra
Dahoon Holly
Ilex cassine
Dahoon Holly
Ilex cassine
Paw Paw Asimina triloba Paw Paw Asimina triloba
• Humid growing zones.
• Germinating seedlings need partial shade for 1st or 2nd year.
• Fruiting mature plants need full sun.
• Slightly acidic (ph 5.5-7) well-drained soil.
• Mature – small tree seldom taller than 25 feet.
• Humid growing zones.
• Germinating seedlings need partial shade for 1st or 2nd year.
• Fruiting mature plants need full sun.
• Slightly acidic (ph 5.5-7) well-drained soil.
• Mature – small tree seldom taller than 25 feet.
Good fruit-bearing plants forwildlife not readily available
at retail stores.
Good fruit-bearing plants forwildlife not readily available
at retail stores.
Chickasaw Plum Prunus angustifoliaChickasaw Plum Prunus angustifolia
• Native tree ~10 ft • Full to partial sun • Blooms early spring• Edible fruit • Suckers tend to form
thickets
• Native tree ~10 ft • Full to partial sun • Blooms early spring• Edible fruit • Suckers tend to form
thickets
Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
• Native shrub ~ 15 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout
Louisiana• Fragrant flowers
year-round• Edible fruit
• Native shrub ~ 15 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout
Louisiana• Fragrant flowers
year-round• Edible fruit
Nectar Plants for Louisiana
Nectar Plants for Louisiana
Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis
Cardinal flower
Lobelia cardinalis
Cardinal flower
Lobelia cardinalis
Coneflower Echinacea purpurea
Coneflower Echinacea purpurea
Lantana spp.Lantana spp.• Woody perennial
• Sun or partial shade
• Great for butterflies
• Woody perennial
• Sun or partial shade
• Great for butterflies
Pentas spp.Pentas spp.• Variety of flower colors
• Moderately fertile soil that retains moisture well
• Full sun to shade
• Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds
• Variety of flower colors
• Moderately fertile soil that retains moisture well
• Full sun to shade
• Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds
Golden Dew DropDuranta erectaGolden Dew DropDuranta erecta
• Shrub ~ 14 ft
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms year-round
• Throughout Louisiana
• High drought tolerance
• Attracts butterflies
• Shrub ~ 14 ft
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms year-round
• Throughout Louisiana
• High drought tolerance
• Attracts butterflies
Porterweed Stachytarpheta jamaicensisPorterweed Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
• Native and non-native perennial ~ 4 ft
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms year-round
• Medium salt- and drought-tolerant
• Native and non-native perennial ~ 4 ft
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms year-round
• Medium salt- and drought-tolerant
Red variety is non-nativeRed variety is non-native
Coral HoneysuckleLonicera sempervirensCoral HoneysuckleLonicera sempervirens
• Native vine
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms spring-fall
• Throughout Louisiana
• Attract butterflies and hummingbirds
• Native vine
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms spring-fall
• Throughout Louisiana
• Attract butterflies and hummingbirds
Virginia Willow
Itea virginicaVirginia Willow
Itea virginica
• Native shrub ~ 7 ft
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms spring
• Drought- and flood-tolerant
• Suckers tend to form thickets
• Native shrub ~ 7 ft
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms spring
• Drought- and flood-tolerant
• Suckers tend to form thickets
Larval Plants for Louisiana
Larval Plants for Louisiana
Willow, Salix caroliniana is a larval host of the Viceroy
Willow, Salix caroliniana is a larval host of the Viceroy
Butterfly Matchweed Phyla nodifloraButterfly Matchweed Phyla nodiflora
Adult and larvae of Phaon CrescentPhyciodes phaonAdult and larvae of Phaon CrescentPhyciodes phaon
Red Bay Persia borbonia
Red Bay Persia borbonia
• Native tree ~ 40 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout Louisiana• Drought- and salt-tolerant• Blooms in spring; attracts
butterflies• Purple fruit attracts birds
• Native tree ~ 40 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout Louisiana• Drought- and salt-tolerant• Blooms in spring; attracts
butterflies• Purple fruit attracts birds
Bays are larval food for the spicebush swallowtail
Bays are larval food for the spicebush swallowtail
Mexican Milkweed Asclepias spp.Mexican Milkweed Asclepias spp.
• Shrub ~ 4 ft
• Natives available
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms year-round
• Throughout Louisiana
• Drought-tolerant
• Nectar attracts hummingbirds and butterflies
• Shrub ~ 4 ft
• Natives available
• Full to partial sun
• Blooms year-round
• Throughout Louisiana
• Drought-tolerant
• Nectar attracts hummingbirds and butterflies
Larval host of Monarch and Queen
Larval host of Monarch and Queen
Passion Flower Passiflora spp. Passion Flower Passiflora spp.
• Vine• Native varieties available• Full to partial sun• Blooms year-round• Throughout Louisiana
• Vine• Native varieties available• Full to partial sun• Blooms year-round• Throughout Louisiana
Larval host of Gulf Fritillary
Does not sting
Larval host of Gulf Fritillary
Does not sting
Dill Anethum graveolensDill Anethum graveolens
• Plant in cool weather
• Full sun
• Can grow up to 3 ft tall
• Sow seeds close together
• Good plant to attract caterpillars
• Plant in cool weather
• Full sun
• Can grow up to 3 ft tall
• Sow seeds close together
• Good plant to attract caterpillars
Parsley• Full sun or light shade• Transplant plants to 9 inches apart• Must protect in cold weather with coverings
such as straw• Good to attract caterpillars to your garden
Parsley• Full sun or light shade• Transplant plants to 9 inches apart• Must protect in cold weather with coverings
such as straw• Good to attract caterpillars to your garden
CoverCover• Vertical layers • Evergreen species for winter
cover• Standing dead trees or “snags”
if practical• Brush piles if practical
• Vertical layers • Evergreen species for winter
cover• Standing dead trees or “snags”
if practical• Brush piles if practical
WaterWater• Permanent water feature• Sound of running water attracts many
animals
• Permanent water feature• Sound of running water attracts many
animals
Puddling: Butterflies obtain water and
minerals from liquid in pore spaces.
Puddling: Butterflies obtain water and
minerals from liquid in pore spaces.
Puddling stationPuddling station
Design a Puddling StationDesign a Puddling Station
1. Layer sand in saucer.
2. Add layer of compost.
3. Place pebbles on top.
4. Add water slowly (to pebble layer).
5. Place saucer on upside down pot.
1. Layer sand in saucer.
2. Add layer of compost.
3. Place pebbles on top.
4. Add water slowly (to pebble layer).
5. Place saucer on upside down pot.
BirdbathBirdbath• Shallow with mildly
sloping sides• Rough surface• Keep clean• Rinse off any soap
residue
• Shallow with mildly sloping sides
• Rough surface• Keep clean• Rinse off any soap
residue
Audubon Society recommends changing the water and cleaning bird baths weekly to avoid spreading avian diseases.
Audubon Society recommends changing the water and cleaning bird baths weekly to avoid spreading avian diseases.
Managing for WildlifeManaging for Wildlife• Vertical layers of vegetation.• Plant natives if possible.• Introduced plants also useful.• No pesticides!• Plant wild flowers or reduce
mowing in certain areas of your property if possible.
• Manage pets.
• Vertical layers of vegetation.• Plant natives if possible.• Introduced plants also useful.• No pesticides!• Plant wild flowers or reduce
mowing in certain areas of your property if possible.
• Manage pets.
Long-tailed skipper
feeding on Spanish needle.
Long-tailed skipper
feeding on Spanish needle.
Plant Wildflowers for Wildlife Plant Wildflowers for Wildlife Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Pokeweed Phytolacca americana
Horsemint Monarda punctataHorsemint Monarda punctata
Blanket flower Gaillardia pulchellaBlanket flower Gaillardia pulchella
Coreopsis Coreopsis spp.
Coreopsis Coreopsis spp.
Tolerance of Nuisance AnimalsTolerance of Nuisance Animals
Diggers (moles, squirrels, armadillos, tortoises)
Bring nutrient to surface
Loosen & aerate soil
Feed on turf and landscape pests
Trapping and deterrents
Diggers (moles, squirrels, armadillos, tortoises)
Bring nutrient to surface
Loosen & aerate soil
Feed on turf and landscape pests
Trapping and deterrents
Herbivores (deer, rabbits, ducks, squirrels)
Contribute to food web, circle of life
Nets and fencing may protect fruits
Harassment or nest removal for non-natives
Herbivores (deer, rabbits, ducks, squirrels)
Contribute to food web, circle of life
Nets and fencing may protect fruits
Harassment or nest removal for non-natives
Garden molesGarden moles ArmadilloArmadillo Gray squirrelGray squirrel
Venomous Spiders and Disease-carrying Insects to AvoidVenomous Spiders and Disease-carrying Insects to Avoid
Southern Black widow (male and female)
Southern Black widow (male and female)
Brown RecluseBrown Recluse
MosquitoMosquito
TicksTicks
Poisonous SnakesPoisonous SnakesCopperheadCopperhead Canebreak RattlesnakeCanebreak Rattlesnake Coral SnakeCoral Snake
Water MoccasinWater Moccasin Dusky Pygmy RattlesnakeDusky Pygmy Rattlesnake
IF YOU ARE BITTEN BY A SNAKE, SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION!
IF YOU ARE BITTEN BY A SNAKE, SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION!
• A snake controls how much venom is injected.
• 50% of all snake bites are dry.• 25% are warning bites with enough
venom to cause pain, swelling, tissue loss and possible limb loss.
• 25% are potentially lethal.
• A snake controls how much venom is injected.
• 50% of all snake bites are dry.• 25% are warning bites with enough
venom to cause pain, swelling, tissue loss and possible limb loss.
• 25% are potentially lethal.
More InformationMore Information
• LSU AgCenter www.lsuagcenter.com• Louisiana Dept of Ag. and Forestry • Louisiana Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries• United States Fish and Wildlife Service• Local Audubon Society
Further ReadingFurther ReadingTrees for Louisiana Landscapes-A Handbook. LSU AgCenter #1622 (online only).
Gardening for Butterflies in Louisiana. Gary Ross. LDWF.
Louisiana Backyard Wildlife Management. Bill Vermillion. LDWF.
Economy Bat House Plans. Batcon.org.http://www.batcon.org/bhra/economyhouse.html. Backyard Bird Feeding. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/feed.html.
Homes for Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/house.html.
Trees for Louisiana Landscapes-A Handbook. LSU AgCenter #1622 (online only).
Gardening for Butterflies in Louisiana. Gary Ross. LDWF.
Louisiana Backyard Wildlife Management. Bill Vermillion. LDWF.
Economy Bat House Plans. Batcon.org.http://www.batcon.org/bhra/economyhouse.html. Backyard Bird Feeding. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/feed.html.
Homes for Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/house.html.
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
The LSU AgCenter thanks the Florida StateExtension Service for many materials and several
photos used in this presentation.
The LSU AgCenter thanks the Florida StateExtension Service for many materials and several
photos used in this presentation.
Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods
Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods
Landscapes for WildlifeLandscapes for Wildlife
www.lsuagcenter.com/lyn