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Loving The Penguin: LINUXLoving The Penguin: LINUX
Nancie RideoutNancie Rideout
Tiffany SmithTiffany Smith
Tara StucklessTara Stuckless
Jo-Anne TilleyJo-Anne Tilley
OverviewOverviewIntroduction/History - NancieIntroduction/History - NancieDistributions - TiffanyDistributions - TiffanyHardware Compatibility – TiffanyHardware Compatibility – TiffanyRequirements – TiffanyRequirements – TiffanyStability & Kernel – TaraStability & Kernel – TaraX Windows System - TaraX Windows System - TaraSoftware Compatibility - TaraSoftware Compatibility - TaraUser Friendliness - NancieUser Friendliness - NanciePopularity - NanciePopularity - NancieCost – Jo-AnneCost – Jo-AnneLicensing Agreement – Jo-AnneLicensing Agreement – Jo-AnneAdvantages/Disadvantages – Jo-AnneAdvantages/Disadvantages – Jo-AnneReferencesReferencesDemoDemo
The CreatorThe Creator
Linux kernel written by Linus Torvalds in Linux kernel written by Linus Torvalds in 19911991
student at University of Helsinkistudent at University of Helsinkifirst version of Linux released to the Internet first version of Linux released to the Internet
in September 1991in September 1991second version released to the Internet in second version released to the Internet in
October 1991October 1991logo/mascot of Linux is Tux (the penguin)logo/mascot of Linux is Tux (the penguin)
Linus’ Original Post: 25.8.91Linus’ Original Post: 25.8.91
Hello everybody out there using minix - Hello everybody out there using minix - I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big andhobby, won't be big and professional) for professional) for 386(486) clones. This has been brewing 386(486) clones. This has been brewing since since AApril, and is starting to get ready. I'd pril, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things). among other things).
DistributionsDistributions
prepackaged Linux systems ready to installprepackaged Linux systems ready to installmake Linux more user friendlymake Linux more user friendlydifferences among distributions may include:differences among distributions may include:
Different versions of kernelDifferent versions of kernelDifferent core sets of applications, utilities, and Different core sets of applications, utilities, and
management tools management tools Different installation packagesDifferent installation packages
some include:some include:Redhat, Slackware, Mandrake, SuSERedhat, Slackware, Mandrake, SuSE
General Hardware CompatibilityGeneral Hardware Compatibility
Motherboards:Motherboards: recent motherboards should workrecent motherboards should work
CPUCPU Intel 386, 486 Intel 386, 486 Pentium I to IV, and CeleronPentium I to IV, and Celeron AMD 386, 486, K5, K6, K6-2, K6-3, and Athlon AMD 386, 486, K5, K6, K6-2, K6-3, and Athlon Cyrix 386, 486, 5x86, 6x86, and MediaGX Cyrix 386, 486, 5x86, 6x86, and MediaGX
Hard DrivesHard Drives Supports IDE and a number of popular SCSISupports IDE and a number of popular SCSI
General Hardware CompatibilityGeneral Hardware Compatibility
PnP (Plug and Play)PnP (Plug and Play)computer detects and configures a new piece computer detects and configures a new piece
of hardware automaticallyof hardware automaticallyLinux not originally a PnP systemLinux not originally a PnP systemnewer kernels allow for PnPnewer kernels allow for PnP
compared to Windowscompared to Windowscompatible to less hardware because it has compatible to less hardware because it has
fewer users then Windowsfewer users then Windows
RequirementsRequirements
Bare Bare MinimumMinimum UsableUsable Comfortable Comfortable
UseUse
RAMRAM 1 MB1 MB 4 MB4 MB 16 MB or 16 MB or moremore
HD HD SpaceSpace
1.2 or 1.44 1.2 or 1.44 floppyfloppy 20 MB20 MB 200 MB to 1 200 MB to 1
GB or moreGB or more
Difference in RequirementsDifference in Requirements
Redhat Redhat 99
Slackware Slackware 10.010.0
Mandrake Mandrake 10.010.0
SuSE SuSE 9.1 9.1
ProcessorProcessor Intel PentiumIntel Pentium 486, Intel, 486, Intel, AMD, Cyrix AMD, Cyrix Intel, AMDIntel, AMD Intel, AMDIntel, AMD
MemoryMemory
(MB of (MB of RAM)RAM)
64 min64 min
Recommend:Recommend:
128128
16 min16 min
Recommend:Recommend:
128128
32 min32 min
Recommend:Recommend:
128128
128 for 128 for graphical graphical
modemode
Recommend:Recommend:
256256
Hard Drive Hard Drive SpaceSpace
475 MB min475 MB min
850 MB min 850 MB min for serverfor server
5 GB for all5 GB for all
500 MB min500 MB min
Recommend:Recommend:
2 GB or more2 GB or more
500 MB min500 MB min
Recommend:Recommend:
1 GB or more1 GB or more
400MB min400MB min
Recommend:Recommend:
2 GB or more2 GB or more
StabilityStability
well designed kernelwell designed kernel
structurestructure
security from virusessecurity from viruses
The KernelThe Kernel
the the ♥ of the OS – it ♥ of the OS – it isis Linux Linuxdeveloped in open source environmentdeveloped in open source environment
No corporate deadlines!No corporate deadlines!based on Unix – mature, powerfulbased on Unix – mature, powerful from the beginning:from the beginning:
– – multitasking, multi-usermultitasking, multi-usernatural environment for networkingnatural environment for networking
controlled by Torvalds – (commonality)controlled by Torvalds – (commonality)
Structure and SecurityStructure and Securityonly the root user has universal only the root user has universal
permissionspermissionsa virus can only infect executables a virus can only infect executables
that are writeable by the user that are writeable by the user activating the virus activating the virus
if a user’s program is infected, hard if a user’s program is infected, hard to propagateto propagate
few users, so not targeted by virus few users, so not targeted by virus writers.writers.
X Window SystemX Window System
Window ManagerWindow Manager
↕↕
X Server X Server
↕↕
KernelKernel
• Provides Linux with a GUI
-provides display support; sets resolution, refresh rate; displays/closes windows.
-dresses the desktop; highly customizable
Compatibility with WindowsCompatibility with Windowsandand
Windows SoftwareWindows Software
SambaSamba WineWine
SambaSambaWindows uses SMB protocol to manage the Windows uses SMB protocol to manage the
exchange of date among file servers and exchange of date among file servers and clientsclients
there are differences in the Linux and there are differences in the Linux and Windows file systemsWindows file systems
Samba mimics the behaviour of a Windows Samba mimics the behaviour of a Windows file server by implementing SMB file server by implementing SMB
thus, you can have a Linux server with thus, you can have a Linux server with Windows clients on your networkWindows clients on your network
WineWine initiative (in progress) to bring applications initiative (in progress) to bring applications
developed for Windows to Linux users. developed for Windows to Linux users.
Application Application ↔↔ API API ↔↔ OS OS
new APIs to allow interaction with Linux new APIs to allow interaction with Linux
http://www.winehq.com/http://www.winehq.com/
Lots of Free StuffLots of Free Stuff
Free Software Foundation - Free Software Foundation - http://directory.fsf.org/http://directory.fsf.org/
examples: examples: Emacs – text editorEmacs – text editorXv – image editorXv – image editorGimp (General Image Manipulation Program)Gimp (General Image Manipulation Program)Xfig – vector based drawing utilityXfig – vector based drawing utilityLaTeX – mathematical type-setting LaTeX – mathematical type-setting
some MS programs based on popular some MS programs based on popular Linux applicationLinux application
User Friendliness - PositivesUser Friendliness - Positives
some distributions, once installed, are some distributions, once installed, are easy to useeasy to use
desktop can look much like Windowsdesktop can look much like Windows fairly easy to navigate fairly easy to navigate
large Linux community = lots of advice!large Linux community = lots of advice!
User Friendliness - NegativesUser Friendliness - Negatives
installation can be difficultinstallation can be difficultdifficult to configure/need to know your difficult to configure/need to know your
componentscomponentscan be difficult (possibly expensive) to get can be difficult (possibly expensive) to get
tech support – especially ‘formal’ tech tech support – especially ‘formal’ tech supportsupport
can be buggy and unstablecan be buggy and unstable
PopularityPopularity
Linux accounts for 2.8% of desktop O/S Linux accounts for 2.8% of desktop O/S and 25% of servers*and 25% of servers*
Source: International Data Corporation (IDC) 2002Source: International Data Corporation (IDC) 2002
usability of Linux for a set of specific usability of Linux for a set of specific desktop-related tasks was “nearly equal to desktop-related tasks was “nearly equal to
Windows”Windows” Source: RelevantiveSource: Relevantive
Main reasons for popularityMain reasons for popularity
costcoststability (servers in particular)stability (servers in particular)
no BSOD (blue screen of death!)no BSOD (blue screen of death!) ‘‘lack of vendor lock-in’lack of vendor lock-in’
Linux-Friendly BusinessesLinux-Friendly Businesses
France’s Department of DefenseFrance’s Department of DefenseNational Security Agency (USA)National Security Agency (USA)
American ExpressAmerican ExpressAmazon.comAmazon.comSchwab.comSchwab.com
(just to name a few!)(just to name a few!)
The Future – According to IDCThe Future – According to IDC
IDC 2004 predictions (June 18): Linux O/S IDC 2004 predictions (June 18): Linux O/S will account for 29% of units shipped into will account for 29% of units shipped into the worldwide server market in 2008, up the worldwide server market in 2008, up from 12% in 2003from 12% in 2003
Windows will account for 37% of 2008 Windows will account for 37% of 2008 server marketserver market
Popularity – Microsoft’s Popularity – Microsoft’s Worried!Worried!
(now defunct) LinuxMyths page on (now defunct) LinuxMyths page on Microsoft.comMicrosoft.com
Get the Facts on Windows and LinuxGet the Facts on Windows and Linux ‘‘Dump Linux’ programDump Linux’ program
Microsoft honchos’ public commentsMicrosoft honchos’ public comments
GNU GNU
the General Public Licensethe General Public License
GNU's not UnixGNU's not Unix is intended to guarantee your freedom to is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change free software for all its share and change free software for all its users.users.
free software refers to freedom , not pricefree software refers to freedom , not priceyou have the freedom to distribute copies you have the freedom to distribute copies
of free softwareof free software
GNU Con’tGNU Con’t
to protect your rights restrictions are put in to protect your rights restrictions are put in place to ensure you are not denied of your place to ensure you are not denied of your right to free software.right to free software.
2 steps: 2 steps: 1.Copyright the software1.Copyright the software2. Offer you this license which 2. Offer you this license which
gives you legal permission gives you legal permission to to copy, distribute and /modify copy, distribute and /modify
the softwarethe software
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
technical support is hard to technical support is hard to findfind
hard to configurehard to configurenot as user friendly as XPnot as user friendly as XP
AdvantagesAdvantages
It’s FREEIt’s FREEsecuresecure it’s stable (Stays running)it’s stable (Stays running)some distributions are very user friendly some distributions are very user friendly the graphical user interface is more the graphical user interface is more
configurable. You can choose from a configurable. You can choose from a number of desk top environmentsnumber of desk top environments
ReferencesReferences
IDC: Linux to take 29% of 2008 server shipments.IDC: Linux to take 29% of 2008 server shipments.http://www.computerworld.com/softwaretpics/os/linux/story/0,10801,93900,00.htmlhttp://www.computerworld.com/softwaretpics/os/linux/story/0,10801,93900,00.html
Mandrake StoreMandrake Storewww.mandrakesof.comwww.mandrakesof.com
Evaluating Linux: Reality vs. HypeEvaluating Linux: Reality vs. Hypehttp://www.techrepublic.com.com/5100-6261-1053944-3.htmlhttp://www.techrepublic.com.com/5100-6261-1053944-3.html
Try Out LinuxTry Out Linuxhttp://www.tryoutlinux.comhttp://www.tryoutlinux.com
Linux.orgLinux.orgwww.linux.orgwww.linux.org
The TCO Question: Can Linux beat Microsoft? The TCO Question: Can Linux beat Microsoft? http://www.searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/qna/0,289202,sid39_gci883142,00.htmlhttp://www.searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/qna/0,289202,sid39_gci883142,00.html
‘‘Linux sales surge past competitors’.Linux sales surge past competitors’.http://news.com.com/2100-1001-236732.html?legacy=cnethttp://news.com.com/2100-1001-236732.html?legacy=cnet
http://www.slackware.com/http://www.slackware.com/
http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en-ca/ http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en-ca/
http://www.suse.com/us/ http://www.suse.com/us/
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO/http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Hardware-HOWTO/
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.5http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.5
ReferencesReferences
ScreenshotsScreenshots
http://tryoutlinux.com/screenshots.htmlhttp://tryoutlinux.com/screenshots.html
GET LINUX – FREE!!!GET LINUX – FREE!!!
FedoraFedora
http://fedora.redhat.com/download/http://fedora.redhat.com/download/ SUSESUSEhttp://www.suse.com/us/private/download/suse_linux/http://www.suse.com/us/private/download/suse_linux/
MandrakeMandrake
http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en/ftp.php3http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en/ftp.php3