19
LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AND ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AND ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
The Second International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue and ElastoPlastic Behaviour of Materials held at Arabella Conference Centre, Munich,
FRG, 7-11 September 1987, is organized by:
Deutscher Verband fur Materialprufung (Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr-Ing. D. Aurich)
and sponsored by
The American Society for Metals The American Society for Testing and Materials
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 319) Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Metallkunde
The European Group on Fracture Fatigue Group/Engineering Integrity Society
The Institute of Metals The Japan Institute of Metals
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Societe Francaise de Metallurgie
Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
The Chinese Society of Metals
LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AND ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR
OF MATERIALS
Edited by
K.-T. RIE Institut fur Schweisstechik,
Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDON and NEW YORK
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WITH 95 TABLES AND 632 ILLUSTRATIONS
© ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS L TO 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1987
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Low cycle fatigue and elasto-plastic behaviour of materials. 1. Materials-Fatigue 2. Fracture mechanics I. Rie, K.T. 620.1'123 TA418.38
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials (2nd: 1987: Munich, Germany) Low cycle fatigue and elasto-plastic behaviour of materials.
Papers from the Second International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials, held at Arabella Conference Centre, Munich" Germany, 7-11 Sept. 1987, organized by Deutscher Verband fUr Materialprufung, sponsored by the American Society for Metals and others.
Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Metals-Fatigue-Congresses. 2. Metals-Fracture-Congresses.
I. Rie, K.-T. (Kyong-Tschong), 1936- . II. Deutscher Verband fUr Material-prufung. III. American Society for Metals. IV. Title. TA460.15319 1987 620.1'63 87-15586
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8049-1
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-3459-7
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3459-7
The selection and presentation of material and the opinions expressed are the sole responsibility of the author(s) concerned
. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts ofthis publication may be made in the USAAII other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to
the publisher.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher.
v
PREFACE
In 1979 the first InternationalSymposium on Low CycleFatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials was held in Stuttgart, FRG. Since then research in low cycle fatigue has proceeded rapidly. The vital interest of engineers and researchers in communicating the rapid advances in the ongoing research in low cycle fatigue has encouraged me to initiate again the Second International Conference which was held in Munich, FRG, 7-11 September 1987.
Failure in low cycle fatigue represents a serious problem in the design and operation of highly stressed structures. Under complex loading and environmental circumstances, especially for high temperature services, reliable life prediction can not be expected without detailed consideration of the failure mechanism and without extensive use of mechanistic approaches.
The purpose of this conference was to provide a forum to discuss the advances in recent research in the field of low cycle fatigue. The conference was intended to help to further bridge the gap between those who are involved in basic research, and the engineers who have to perform the design of highly stressed structural components. Emphasis was placed on recent progress in the following fields:
- correlation between microstructure and cyclic behaviour - modelling of cyclic stress-strain response, constitutive equations - LCF at high temperature - LCF behaviour under various environmental conditions - realization and operation of industrial components, welded structures - design methods, life prediction, multiaxialloading - fracture mechanics aspect of crack initiation and crack propagation - new materials, materials development
The topics of general interest were covered by the eight survey papers which were included in the Proceedings.
It is expected that the contributions contained in this volume will be of use to engineers and designers who are concerned with this important subject. It is my hope that the cooperation between the various disciplines involved will be promoted.
On behalf ofthe Organizing Committee, I wish to thank all the authors, invited lecturers, session chairmen, members of the International Advisory Board, mem-
VI
bers of the International Editorial Committee and numerous others who helped to shape the contents of this conference. In particular, I wish to mention the members of the Local Organizing Committee whose assistance and support were essential to the organizing effort of this meeting. Finally, I should like to thank Mrs Klingelh6fferand Miss Schlick whose assistance was crucial in having this book published in time.
K.-T. RIE
Chief Editor and Chairman of Organizing Committee
vii
CONTENTS
Preface
Invited Paper on Special Topics
Damage Monitoring, Life Prediction and Life Extension . L. F. COFFIN (General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY, USA)
Review Paper
A Review of Recent Studies of Low Cycle Fatigue in Japan K. IIDA (University of Tokyo, Japan)
Section 1: Correlation between Microstructure and Cyclic Behaviour
v
1
13
Correlation between Microstructure and Cyclic Behaviour (Invited Paper) 19 A. PLUMTREE (University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada)
The Influence of Crystal Orientation on Fatigue Softening of Predeformed Copper 31
J. SCHRANK, W. PRANTL and H. P. STOWE (Erich-Schmid Institutfiir Festkorper physik, Leoben, Austria)
Cyclic Stress in Polycrystalline Copper . 37 J. POLAK and J. HELESIC (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechoslovakia)
The Formation of Ribbon-like Extrusions and Intrusions during the Cyclic Deformation of Copper 43
J. I. DICKSON, S. TURENNE, J. P. BAILON (Ecole Poly technique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) and J. B. VOGT (Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, France)
viii
Cumulative Damage under Constant Amplitude and Variable Amplitude Loading: Some New Physical Aspects . 49
K. MIDDELDORF*, H. NowAcK,** A. FISCHER* and H. HARIG* (*University of Essen, FRG, ** Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt eV, Koln, FRG)
Inhomogeneous Cyclic Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Aluminum 55 P. LI,N. J. MARCHANDandB. ILSCHNER(Swiss FederalInstituteofTechnology, Lausanne, Switzerland)
Crack Initiation by Low Cycle Fatigue of AI-Mg-Si Alloys 65 H. J. BENDER, R. SCHEFFEL and K. DETERT (University GH Siegen, FRG)
The Role of Grain Boundaries in Low Cycle Fatigue at High Temperatures 71 T. G. LANGDON (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA)
Cyclic Deformation and Microstructure of Zircaloy-4 between 300 and 973 K. 77
1. ALVAREZ-ARMAS and A. F. ARMAS (Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina)
Effect of Nitrogen upon the Low-Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of 316 L Stainless Steels. 83
R. T AILLARD, S. DEGALLAIX and J. FOCT (Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, France)
Relationships between Fatigue Strength and Microstructure of 55SiMn VB Steel . 89
QIU YAOJIAN, ZHENG TIEZHENG and YANG RANG (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology, PR China)
Low Cycle Fatigue of a 12 Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel: The Role of Microstructure 95
G. DEGALLAIX, J. B. VOGT and J. FOCT (Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, France)-
Surface Bifurcation and Surface Roughening of Inhomogeneous Material during Plastic Deformation. 101
T. YOSHIKAWA, T. ABE and S. NAGAKI (Okayama University, Japan)
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Early Propagation in Polycrystalline Copper 107 J. POLAK, P. LISKUTIN and A. VASEK (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechoslovakia)
Low-Cycle Fatigue Investigations on AI-Mg-Si-l Alloys of Different Grain Sizes. 113
P. NAGY (Aluterv-FKI, Budapest, Hungary), B. MEIER (University of Stuttgart, FRG) and V. GEROLD (Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung, Stuttgart, FRG)
ix
Dislocation Structure Changes in Ferritic-Pearlitic Steels Caused by Low-Cycle Fatigue at Elevated Temperature . 119
W. C. BRUNN£' (Institute of Materials Economy, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland)
Predictive Analysis of Low Cycle Fatigue of Tool Steel in Warm Working Conditions . 125
A. KOCANDA and S. KOCANDA (Warsaw University of Technology, Poland)
Low Cycle Fatigue of Medium Strength AI-Mg Alloy . . . . 131 E. SCHUCHTAR and A. EVA (Aluterv-FKI, Budapest, Hungary)
Section 2: Modelling of Cyclic Stress-Strain Response, Constitutive Equations
The Viscoplasticity Theory Based on Overstress Applied to Ratcheting and Cyclic Hardening (Invited Paper) 137
E. KREMPL and D. YAO (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA)
A Critical Evaluation of the Incremental Step Test . . 149 M. BAYERLEIN, H.-J. CHRIST and H. MUGHRABI (University of ErlangenNiirnberg, FRG)
An Analysis of Stress-Strain Hysteresis Loop and Cyclic Stress-Strain Curve in Structural Steels . 155
K. HATANAKA, T. FUJIMITSU (Yamaguchi University, Ube City, Japan) and T. YAMADA (Niihama Technical College, Niihama City, Japan)
A Cyclic Constitutive Relation for Multiaxial Stress States 165 F. ELLYIN(University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada)
A Stochastic Model for the Interaction of Plasticity and Creep in Metals 171 E. STECK (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG)
Critical Experiments in Thermo-mechanical Loading 177 H. SEHITOGLU and D. SLAVIK (University of Illinois, Urbana,IL, USA)
Modeling Cyclic Deformation with the MATMOD-BSSOL Unified Consti-tutive Equations . 184
G. A. HENSHALL, A. K. MILLER and T. G. TANAKA (Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA)
Modelization of Cyclic Stress-Strain Response of Hot Working Tools. . 192 A. DIAS, J. GIUSTI and H. P. LIEURADE (IRSID, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France)
Application of the Internal Stress Concept to LCF Deformation at High Temperature . 199
T. fuNKE, H. SCHUSTER and H. NICKEL (Nuclear Research Centre, Jiilich, FRG)
x
Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF): Modelled by Elastic-Plastic Trusses with Kine-matical Hardening. 205
W. WINTER (University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, FRG)
Section 3: LCF at High Temperature
Substance of Creep-Fatigue Interaction Examined from the Point of View of a Crack Propagation Mechanics (Invited Paper) 211
R. OHTANI (Kyoto University, Japan)
Lifetime Prediction under Creep-Fatigue COn,Pitions 223 K.-T. RIE and R.-M. SCHMIDT (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG)
Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction in Terms of Hysteresis Energy under Creep-Fatigue Interaction . . 229
S. W. NAM, S. K. HONG, and J. M. LEE (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea) and K.-T. RIE (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG)
Life Prediction under Creep-Fatigue Condition for 1Cr-Mo-V Steel. . 234 K. YAGI, K. KUBo, O. KANEMARU, T. OHBA and C. TANAKA (National Research Institute for Metals, Tokyo, Japan
Influence of Microstructure of 1 % CrMo V Steel on Creep and Strain Con-trolled Fatigue Behaviour . 240
W. WIEMANN, J. EWALD, K. NIELandD. REIERMANN(Kraftwerk UnionAG, MulheimjRuhr, FRG)
Influence of Rold-Time and Strain Rate on the LCF Behaviour of Alloy 617 at 950°C . 246
H.-P. MEURER, H. BREITLING and W. DIETZ (Interatom GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, FRG)
On the Behavior of Ferritic Steels Subjected to Load Controlled Cycling at Elevated Temperatures 252
J. O. BUNCH and A. J. McEvIL Y (University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA)
The Construction. of Creep-Fatigue Design Curves Based on a Strain-Fraction Approach 258
R. HALES (CEGB, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, UK)
Creep-Fatigue Behavior of 2! Cr -1Mo Steel in Air and Vacuum 265 T. ASAYAMA,* S.-Z. CHENG,** Y. TACHIBANA,* A. ISHIKAWA* and Y. ASADA * (* University of Tokyo, Japan, ** Ministry of Chemical Industry, PR China)
Damage Mechanisms under Creep Fatigue Conditions in Alloy 800R. . 271 B. KEMPF, K. BOTHE and V. GEROLD (Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung, Stuttgart, FRG)
Xl
Creep Fatigue of Steels in Various Environments . 277 E. RENNER,* H. VEHOFF,* H. RIEDEL** and P. NEUMANN* (*Max PlanckInstitut fur Eisenforschung, Dusseldorf, FRO, * * Fraunhofer-Institut fur Werkstoffmechanik, Freiburg, FRG)
Low Cycle Fatigue Experiments with Variation of the Strain Range . 284 E. BODMANN, W. MERGLER and H. DIEHL (Hochtemperatur-Reaktorbau GmbH, Mannheim, FRG)
Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Nimonic PE 16 at Temperature up to 650°C 290 R. P. WAHI,* V. V. KUTUMBARAO,** H. M. YUN* and W. CHEN*** (*HahnMeitner-Institut, Berlin, FRG, ** Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, *** Technical University of Berlin, FRG)
The Creep/Fatigue Behaviour of 17Cr8Ni2Mo Weld Metal at 625°C. . 296 D. S. WOOD, J. WYNNandJ. G. GREEN (UKAtomicEnergyAuthority, Risley, UK)
Regularities of Resistance to Breaking and Definition of Design Charac-teristics at Low-Cycle Isothermic and Non-isothermicLoading 302
A. P. GUSSENKOV and P. I. KOTOV (Engineering Research Institute, Moscow, USSR)
Prediction of Crack Growth in High Temperature Components Using Creep Crack Growth and Fatigue Crack Growth Data . 308
W. OBERPARLEITER (Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft, Miinchen, FRG) and P. AGATONOVIC (MAN-Technologie AG, Miinchen, FRG)
The Thermal Fatigue Life Prediction of Diesel Engine Heating Components by the Strain-Range Partitioning Method 314
Gu ZETONG, Hu GAN and CHAO RUI-AN (Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, PR China)
An Automated Material Testing System for Evaluating the Effects of Ther-mal Mechanical Fatigue on Material Properties . 320
M. J. ROTHER and J. T. HIGASHI (MTS Systems Corporation, Berlin, FRG)
Investigations on Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of the Boiler Steel Mb 16 at High Temperatures . . 325
C. JUST, J. HAUSBRAND, N. QUAISER, H. FLEISCHER and J. FRANK (VEB Qualitiits- und Edelstahlkombinat, Dresden, GDR)
Section 4: LCF Behaviour under Various Environmental Conditions
Mechanics of Materials in Corrosion Assisted Low Cycle Fatigue Crack Growth Analyses (Invited Paper) 330
K. KUSSMAUL (MPA, University of Stuttgart, FRG)
Xll
Low Cycle Corrosion Fatigue of High Tensile Strength Steel and Image Pro-cessing of Fracture Surfaces 342
K KOMAI and M. NOGUCHI (Kyoto University, Japan)
Low Cycle Corrosion Fatigue of Turbine Steels in Boiler Feed Water . 348 E. LACHMANN (Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft, Miinchen, FRG)
Evolution of Microcracks during Low Cycle Fatigue in Aqueous Corrosive Solutions . 354
T. MAGNIN and C. RAMADE (Ecole des Mines, Saint-Etienne, France)
Environmental Effects on LCF Failure of Unidirectionally Solidified MAR-M200 + HF Alloy at 975°C. 360
E. AGHION, S. NADIV and A. BERKOVITS (Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel)
Environmental Effects on the Fatigue Behaviour of Alloy 800H. . 365 J. BRESSERS (Joint Research Centre, CEC, Petten, The Netherlands), U. SCHUSSER (Heraeus, Hanau, FRG) and B. ILscHNER (Ecole Poly technique Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland)
Investigations on the Interaction of LCF and Oxidation . . 371 J. BARBEHON, A. RAHMEL and M. SCHlJTZE (Dechema, Frankfurt, FRG)
Low-Cycle Fatigue of Stainless Steel in Liquid Sodium Environment. . 378 H. U. BORGSTEDT and G. FREES (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, FRG)
Fatigue Crack Growth of a Low Alloy Steel in Various Gaseous Environments . 383
W. POPP and H. KAESCHE (University of Erlangen-Niirnberg, FRG)
High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue in Coal Gasification Environment 389 K-T. RIE, H. KLINGELHOFFER (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG), H. WEBER (Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH, Duisburg, FRG) and H. J. SCHROTER (Bergbau-Forschung GmbH, Essen, FRG)
Effect of High Pressure Oxidation on Mechanical Properties of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Ferritic Steel at Various Temperatures 395
K P. SINGH and P. SOMANATHAN (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India)
Section 5: Realization and Operation of Industrial Components, Welded Structures
Advanced Designing with High Temperature Materials . 401 P. AGATONOVlc (MAN Technologie GmbH, Miinchen, FRG)
xiii
LCF Stresses - An Important Criterion in the Design of Steam Turbines for Fossil-Fired Power Stations 407
D. TREMMEL and K. H. MAYER (MAN GutehoffnungshUtte GmbH, Nurnberg, FRG)
Crack Nucleation and Propagation in Nozzles of a Pressure Vessel . 413 G. DONZELLA (Universita di Brescia, Italy), A. TERRANOVA and L. VERGANI (Politecnico di Milano, Italy)
Elasto-Plastic Fatigue for In-Plane Bending on Elbow . . 419 F. BETTINI, F. G. CESARI (LIN, Bologna, Italy), S. GHIA and V. REGIS (ENEL-CRTN, Milano, Italy)
Low Cycle Fatigue of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Bending . 426 D. BRUNO, S. OLIVITO and G. SPADEA (University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy)
Thermal Fatigue Behaviour of Dissimilar-Metal Welds . . 432 C. BRUTTI, F. GAuzzIandS. MISSORI (University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy)
Possibilities to Increase Welded Joint Life at Low Cycle Fatigue . 438 J. BOSANSKY (Welding Research Institute, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia)
Characterization of the Cyclic Material Properties of Shape Welded Tem-pered and Quenched Steels 10 MnMoNi 5 5 and 20 NiCrMoV 145 443
K. KUSSMAUL (MPA, Stuttgart, FRG) and W. WEIBLEN (Daimler Benz AG, Stuttgart, FRG)
Low CyCle Fatigue Strength of Mechanically Heterogeneous Welded Joints 449 M. A. DAUNYS and A. P. BRAZENAS (Kaunas Polytechnic Institute, Lithuanian SSR, USSR)
A Welded Joint Microstructure Effect on Low-Cycle Fatigue. . 455 J. DZIUBINSKI (Technical University, Gliwice, Poland), P. ADAMIEC (Research and Development Centre of Mechanical Equipment, Gliwice, Poland) and W. BRUNNE (Institute for Materials Management, Katowice, Poland)
Growth of Fatigue Cracks from Weld Defects at Low-Cycle Fatigue. . 461 V. GREGOR (Welding Research Institute, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia)
Section 6: Design Methods, Life Prediction, Multiaxial Loading
Multiaxial Fatigue Damage Assessment (Invited Paper) . 465 D. F. SOCIE (University of Illinois, Urbana,IL, USA)
Effects of Notch-Tip Stress-Strain Calculation Method on the Prediction of Fatigue Crack Initiation Life 473
G. GLINKA and A. NEWPORT (University College, London, UK)
The Relative Method in the Case of Local Strain Approach . 479 A. BUCH (Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel)
XIV
A New Concept for Plastic Strain Concentration Factors . 487 H. HUBEL (Interatom GmbH, Bergisch-Gladbach, FRG)
Local Strain Approach in Multiaxial Fatigue: Feasibilities and Current Limitations 493
M. HOFFMAN (Alfred Teves GmbH, Frankfurt, FRG) and T. SEEGER(Technical University of Darmstadt, FRG)
Advanced FEM-Based Fatigue Analysis (FEMFAT) for Arbitrary Multiaxial Elastic Plastic Loading Conditions 499
W. Orr, H. NOWACK (Deutsche Forschungs- undVersuchsanstaltfilr Luft- und RaumfahrteV, Koln, FRG) and H. PEEKEN(Technische Hochschule, Aachen, FRG)
Multiaxial Fatigue Behaviour of Cyclic Hardening and Softening Steels under Variable Elastic-Plastic Strain Amplitudes . 506
C. M. SONSINO and V. GRUBISIC (Fraunhofer-Institut filr Betriebsfestigkeit (LBF), Darmstadt, FRG)
Determination of Cycle Dependent Material Properties for a Design Concept on the Basis of Limited Plastic Strains with Regard to Environmental Effects 512
K. MAILE, D. BLIND (MPA, Stuttgart, FRG), G. VASOUKIS, K. J. KESSLER and H. D. AssMAN (KWU, Erlangen, FRG)
Low Cycle Fatigue on a 1 CrMo V Steel: Damage Criteria and Life Prediction Methods Assessment . 518
V. BICEGO (Cise SpA, Milano, Italy) and S. RAGAZZONI (ENEL-CRTN, Milano, Italy)
Life Evaluation of a Nozzle Charged by Low Primary Loads and Severe Cyclic Thermal Shocks. 526
F. CORSI, P. DI G!AMBERARDINO, G. M. GIANNUZZI, L. SIPIONE(ENEA CRE, Casaccia, Rome, Italy) and B. TADDIA (ENEA CRE, Bologna, Italy)
Inelastic Stress-Strain Behaviour of Cyclic Loaded Notched Specimens 532 J. OLSCHEWSKI (Bundesanstalt filr Materialforschung und -prilfung, Berlin, FRG)
Comparison between Rotating Bending and Push-Pull Fatigue Strength in Low Cycle Region . 538
C. URASHIMA, S. NISHIDA (Yawata R&D Laboratory, Nippon Steel Corporation, Kitakyushu, Japan), R. EBARA, Y. YAMADA (Hiroshima Technical Institute Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Ltd, Hiroshima, Japan) and K. YAMAMURA (Plant Engineering and Technical Bureau, Nippon Steel Corporation, Kitakyushu, Japan)
Effects of Mixed Mode and Mode II Overloads on. Mode I Fatigue Crack Growth 544
K. HENN, P. MITSCHANG and H. A. RICHARD (University of Kaiserslautern, FRG)
xv
Local Stresses and Strains in Weldments as a Basis of the Proof of Fatigue Strength . 550
U. H. CLORMANN(MAN-TechnologieGmbH, Munchen, FRG)andT. SEEGER (Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, FRG)
Section 7: Fracture Mechanics Aspect of Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation
Low Cycle Fatigue Life - An Analysis Based on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior under General-Yielding Cyclic-Loading (Invited Paper). 556
H. W. LID, ZHENG MINZHONG and 01 CHEN (Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA)
CrackInitiation Life Predictions Based on Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechan-ics of Short Cracks. 562
M. VORMWALD and T. SEEGER (Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, FRG)
Fatigue Crack Growth and Closure at High Cyclic Strains . 569 N. E. DOWLING and N. S. IYYER (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA)
Note on the Crack Closure Phenomenon in Low-Cycle Fatigue . 575 K.-T. RIE and R. SCHUBERT (Technical University of Braunschweig, FRG)
Microcrack Growth Law-Aided Approach in Evaluating Low-Cycle Fatigue Strength and its Application - Directionality Assessment of Thick Forged Steel Plates (A533B CI 1) and Prediction of the Microcrack Propagation Life of a Medium Carbon Steel under Variable Strain Amplitudes. 581
S. HARADA, T. ENDO and Y. FUKUSHIMA (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan)
On the Material Plasticity Attending Fatigue Crack Growth 588 G. NICOLETTO (University of Bologna, Italy)
Fatigue Crack Growth under Mode I and II Loading. 594 H. NAYEB-HASHEMI (Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA)
The Influence of Minor Cycles on Low Cycle Fatigue Crack Growth in Ti-5331S . 604
B. E. POWELL and T. V. DUGGAN (Portsmouth Polytechnic, UK)
Comparison of Low Cycle Axial, Rotating and Bending Fatigue of Alu-minium Alloys. 610
A. ABEL (University of Sydney, NSW, Australia)
XVi
Shape Changing and Cracking during High-Temperature Cycling of High-Alloyed Steel Cylinders 616
F. J. BAUER,* F. D. FISCHER,** F. G. RAMMERSTORFER*** and K. L. MAuRER * * (* Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke A G, Ternitz, Austria, * * University of Mining and Metallurgy, Leoben, Austria, ***Technical University of Vienna, Austria)
On the Correlation between Life-Time and Crack Growth Laws under HTLCF Loading . 622
W. HOFFELNER (Brown Boveri & Co. Ltd, Baden, Switzerland)
Application of the Fracture Mechanics Concepts to Thermal Fatigue Cracking . 630
A. DIAS, J. GIUSTI, H. P. LIEURADE and C. DUNAND (IRSID, Saint-Germainen-Laye, France)
Relationship between Crack Growth of Thermal-Mechanical Fatigue and that of Isothermal Low-Cycle Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures . 637
M. OKAZAKI (Technological University of Nagaoka, Japan) and T. KOIZUMI (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan)
Retarding the Crack Initiation Process during Low Cycle Thermal Shock Fatigue 643
J. GINSZTLER (Technical University, Budapest, Hungary)
Crack Mode Transition and Failure Life Assessment in High Temperature Biaxial Low Cycle Fatigue . 649
M. OHNAMI and M. SAKANE (Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan)
High Temperature Creep and Fatigue Crack Growth in Alloy 800H. 655 J. BRESSERS (Joint Research Centre, CEC, Pelten, The Netherlands), W. WEISE (DegussaAG, Har.au, FRG) and T. HOLLSTEIN (Fraunhofer Institutfilr Werkstoffmechanik, Freiburg, FRG)
Micromechanics Basis of CTD Criterion for Short Crack Propagation in Crystalline Grains. 661
CHINGSHENLI (Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, PR China)
A Definition of Fatigue Small Crack Range . 667 YAO WEIXING and YANG QINGXIONG (Northwestern Poly technical University, Xian, PR China)
Experience with a Load Change Technique for Crack Growth Rate Measurements. 673
G. W. KONIG and E. E. AFFELDT (Motoren- und Turbinen-Union, Milnchen, FRG)
Fracture Mode Transition and Damage in Extremely Low Cycle Fatigue 680 K. SHIMADA, J. KOMOTORI and M. SHIMIZU (Keio University, Yokohama, Japan)
XVll
The Effects of Environment on Stage lin Fatigue Cracks in Al-Zn-Mg Single Crystals. 687
P. LIANG, H.-J. GUDLADTand V. GEROLD (Max-Planck-Institutfur Metallforschung, Stuttgart, FRG)
Low Cycle Fatigue of Martensitic AISI 4140 Steel at Low Temperatures 693 M. DEMIRKOL and D. E. GUCER (TIBITAK, Marmara Research, Kocaeli, Turkey)
Effect of Low-Cycle Fatigue on the Brittle Characteristics of a Structural Steel . 702
I. HAVAS and E. CZOBOLY (Technical University, Budapest, Hungary)
Impact Tensile Properties of a Stainless Steel Pre-fatigued in Low Cycle Regime 707
K.IIDA, * C. ALBERTINI, ** S. YOSHIE*** andM. MONTAGNANI** (* University of Tokyo, Japan, * * Joint Research Center, CEC, Ispra, Italy, * * * Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Japan)
Section 8: New Materials, Materials Development
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Behaviour of WC-Co Cemented Carbide Alloy.under Repeated Impact Loading . 713
Lru GUOQUAN, ZHANG SHOUHA and LI CHONGHE (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology, PR China)
The Effect of Small Amount of Magnesium on High Temperature LCF Beha~iour in If(~n-Base and Nickel-Base Superalloys. 719
XISHAN XIE,. JIN LIANG. HONGGEN JIANG. XIAOGUANG FANG (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology, PR China), HUIKANG Pu (Shanghai Fifth Steel Plant, PR China) and XIKUI Lru (Qiqihar Steel Plant, PR China)
Fatigue Crack Propagation in Centrally Notched Composites. . 724 MING-HwA, R. JEN (National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan)
High Temperature LCF of an Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Nickel Base Superalloy . 730
M. MARCHIONNI, D. RANUCCI and E. PICCO (CNR-ITM, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy)
Cyclic Response of Dual-Phase Steels . 736 Y. Z. ZHANG (Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China)
Contributing Authors Index 743
Subject Index . 747
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CHIEF EDITOR
K.-T. Rie, TU Braunschweig, FRG
MEMBERS OF THE GERMAN EDITORIAL GROUP
P. Esslinger, MTU, Munich H. W. Griinling, BBC, Mannheim E. Haibach, WBK, Bochum H. Mughrabi, Universitiit Erlangen D. Munz, Universitiit Karlsruhe P. Neumann, MPI, Dusseldorf H. Nowack, DFVLR, Cologne K.-H. Schwalbe, GKSS, Geesthacht T. Seeger, TH Darmstadt
A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication was made possible by the authors and also by the efforts of the reviewers. On behalf of the DVM I acknowledge with appreciation their contribution and sacrifice of time.
MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
L. F. Coffin (Chairman) USA Y. Asada, Japan A. Buch, Israel D. E. Giicer, Turkey K. Iida,Japan B. Ilschner, Switzerland S. Kocanda, Poland A. J. McEvily, USA E. Macherauch, FRG S. W. Nam, Korea A. Pineau, France
G. S. Pisarenko, USSR A. Plumtree, Canada J. Polak, Czechoslovakia A. Del Puglia, Italy V. M. Radhakrishnan, India R. P. Skelton, UK D. F. Socie, USA H. P. Stiiwe, Austria B. Tomkins, UK H. C. Van Elst, Netherlands M. G. Yan, PR China
MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
F. Lawrence, (Chairman), USA V. Bicego, Italy J. Bressers, Netherlands N. E. Dowling, USA T. V. Duggan, UK V. Esslinger, Switzerland J. Foct, France W. Hoffelner, Switzerland T. Koizumi, Japan R. W. Landgraf, USA
H. P. Lieurade, France P. Rabbe, France S. Ragazzoni, Italy J. Schijve, Netherlands D. F. Socie, USA R. Stickler, Austria H. Topper, Canada P. Watson, UK X. R. Wu, PR China T. Yamada,Japan
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MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITIEE
K.-T. Rie (Chairman), TU Braunschweig, FRO H. Nowack (Co-Chairman), DFVLR, Cologne, FRO Mrs I. Maslinski, (Secretary), DVM, Berlin, FRO J. Bergmann, IABO, Munich, FRO V. Gerold, TH Stuttgart, FRO E. Haibach, WBK, Bochum, FRO K. H. Kloos, TH Darmstadt, FRO K. Kussmaul, MPA, Stuttgart, FRO T. Seeger, TH Darmstadt, FRO
MEMBERS OF THE LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITIEE
H. Naundorf(Chairman), BMW, Munich, FRO K. Bergmann, IABO, Munich, FRO K. Feitzelmayer, MAN, Munich, FRG L. Hagn, Allianz-Zentrum, Munich, FRG M. Huff, MTU, Munich, FRO H. Joas, TUv Bayern, Munich, FRO Mrs I. Maslinski, DVM, Berlin, FRO Mrs A. Ostermeier, BMW, Munich, FRG
