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LOW EMISSION VEHICLE EXHIBITION & CONFERENCE, MILLENNIUM SQUARE OCT 7TH 2010, LEEDS
Presented by:Dave Cherry MIOA, IEMA, CEnv.Environmental Assessment ManagerTransport PolicyCity DevelopmentLeeds City Council
LOW EMISSION LEEDS CITY REGION
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
• Why Climate Change is Man’s Greatest Threat
• Will we Comply with EC Directives for Air Quality?
• Strategic Drivers for Low Emission Vehicles
• Regional Group Initiatives for Low Emission Strategies
• Draft West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan 2011-26
• Leeds Initiatives for Promotion of Low Emission Vehicles
Levels of Climate Change
□Serious climate change, global surface temp rise +2C to +3C
□Dangerous climate change = +3C to +5C
□Catastrophic climate change = >5C
□Land saturation & flash overland run-off
Impact of 4 Degree Celsius Rise in Global Surface Temperature
Going Beyond Dangerous Climate Change!
□Attended lecture by Prof Kevin Anderson/Director of Tyndall Centre (Leeds Uni, May 4th, 2010) Emergency situation, GHG’s increased by 3.5%/pa between
2000-2007. Must consider cumulative effect of emissions/time Copenhagen/EU/UK all still assuming +2C could be avoided Need global 10%/pa reduction in GHG, after peak oil ~2020,
to hold at +2C (Huge lifestyle changes to reduce GHG’s) Present projections indicate +4C (Unstable + Feedbacks)
□Urgent need to reduce GHG’s & Climate Proof against unavoidable Climate Change
Air Quality Problems in Leeds City Region
□UK Environmental Audit Committee 2009/10 Air pollution related premature deaths in UK, at least 35,000
□Particulate matter (PM2.5) Typically reduces life expectancy in UK by 7 to 8 months Recognised there is no safe exposure level
□Annual Health Costs incurred by Poor Air Quality(DEFRA: Approx £15 billion in the UK)
□Non Compliance of EC Directive for Air Quality Most conurbations in LCR will fail Directive for NO2
Government applying for EU Compliance Flexibility!
Air Quality Problems in Leeds City Region
□Most conurbations in LCR have declared AQMA’s Failure to meet health based standards for NO2 & PM10
□Trend in Urban Air Quality/NO2 Little improvement since year 2000
□Modern Diesels (Euro 4+) Significant improvements for PM (Particulate traps) Increased proportion of NO2, within total NOx
□Transport Emissions Greatest source of urban NO2 & Pm10/2.5 Transport emits 24% of LCR total carbon emissions Need complimentary actions to reduce transport
emissions of both carbon & air pollutants
Strategic Drivers for Low Emission Vehicles
□Strategic/Council Business/Asset Mangt Plans UK target for 80% reduction in CO2 by 2050, baseline 1991/2 Must reduce carbon footprint/promote sustainable transport
□Leeds Climate Change Action Plan 2009 NI 185: Target to reduce Council Operations CO2 by 3.4%,
between 2008/9 & 2010/11 (Achieved) Commitment to cut CO2 by 40%, between 2008/9 & 2020/21
□Draft West Yorks Local Transport Plan 2011-26 Develop Low Carbon Transport System Target for 2026, to reduce carbon emissions by 27% Achieve National Air Quality Objectives for NO2 & Pm10
Strategic Drivers for Low Emission Vehicles
□Leeds Environmental Policy 2008/11 Promotes Sustainable Transport Systems Need to reduce Ecological & Carbon footprints
□National Air Quality Strategy 2000 Compliance of UK/EC Air Quality Regs/Directive for NO2/PM10
Compliance of the EC Directive for NO2
□Development of New Waste Strategy Developing Leeds Waste Management Plan, considering
Energy from Waste & Anaerobic Digestion
□Environmental Noise Directive DEFRA West Yorkshire Road Noise Maps, identify First Priority
Locations for noise mitigation
Regional Group Initiatives for LCR
□Promote the use of Low Emission Vehicles in LCR. (This event hosted by Leeds, funded by LESP)
□Promote the Plugged in Places (Electric vehicles) bid for LCR & Yorkshire, (Matthew Lunsden/Sally Herbert) CO2Sense Yorkshire/ Y&H Electric Vehicle Supply Chain Event)
□York is developing an overarching Low Emission strategy across all Council Services
□The development of a Template Supplementary Planning Document for Air Quality
□ITS/Leeds University, working with LCR Local Authorities, to improve techniques for monitoring & modelling of vehicle emissions
Vision for Draft West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan2011-2026
Low CarbonEconomic
growthQuality of life
Carbon challenges
Economicchallenges
Quality of lifechallenges
Strategy
Assets Choices ConnectivityEnhance-
ments
Objectives
Evidence Base
15 Year Priority Plan
Implementation
3 Year Implementation Plan
Draft WYLTP3 2011-2026
Relevant Carbon Challenges Reduce single car occupancy (Improve PT/Smart Travel etc) Reduce energy consumption Encourage new low emission technologies/infrastructure DfT Research suggest LTP measures may provide 30%
carbon savings, 70% likely from Low Carbon vehicles
□Relevant Quality of Life Challenges Improve air quality Reduce transport related environmental noise Reduce impact on the natural environment
Draft WYLTP3 2011-2026
□WYLTP3: Develop Strategies to deliver/maintain:- Transport Assets Travel Choices Efficient travel connectivity Enhancements to the transport system
□Cross-cutting Implementation Plans to ensure:- Carbon Reduction Emissions Reduction (Air pollutants & noise)
□Strategic Urban Modelling/Integrated SA:- Will identify adverse impacts/mitigate emissions
Leeds City Council Business Transport Carbon Emissions
14,477 Tonnes in 2007
Fleet Cars 1%
Fleet Vans 13%Fleet HGVs (>3.5t)
29%
Fleet Buses & Minibuses
10%
Fleet - Other 14%
Whizz Go0%
Welfare Taxis7%
Parks & Countryside
10%
Grey Fleet16%
65No. RCV’s, 3.5mpg, 1.56 million litres,
Leeds Biomethane Trial
□6 Month Technology Demo Trial, supported by Cenex
□Assessed performance of Dedicated Gas & Dual-Fuel Engine Technology, applied to 26 tonne RCV Agreed KPI’s for 6 month trial, comparison with Diesel variant Chassis Reliability: (Routine servicing, Breakdown times,
Driver defects) Driver Acceptability: (Comparison of adverse problems) 10% Reduction in CO2 (Based on fuel consumption) No increase in Noise: (Noise monitoring, idling, waste
compression)
□EEV Performance Significantly reduced NOx and near zero PM10 Approx 60% reduction in CO2 (Biomethane from Surrey) Noise reductions of 6-11dB(A) (Half as loud)
□Common Application in EU, was first RHD in UK
□100% reliant upon gas supply
□Disruption due to 11 week strike & poor winter!
□Performed well, initially slightly less powerful, later improvements, want to keep for 3-5 years
□Annual CO2 saving ~32 tonnes WtW (60%) or, 7.6 tonnes Tailpipe (16%)
Dedicated Gas/ Mercedes Econic
Dual Fuel/Dennis Eagle
□New technology (Oil ignition/gas injection) initially developed & by Hardstaff Group for long haul duties.
□Retains Original Diesel Engine
Uses Engine Management Technology to substitute a percentage of diesel with gas
□Will operate as diesel only if no gas
□Pro-rata reduction of CO2 and air pollutant emissions, dependant on diesel substitution
□Not performing well! Jury still out, RCV drive cycle may not be best application!
The Trial Refuelling Infrastructure
□Infrastructure supplied by Gas Container Services
□Biomethane supplied by Gasrec (Surrey Landfill)
□Cost of Wet Leasing can be expensive! (But need to prove Biomethane RCV’s are reliable)
□Rather complicated ‘Semi Fast fill’ system
□System works, with practice can refuel in 5/10 mins
□Trial extended 3 months due to strike/weather
□Gas flow meter installed to help accuracy on gas use
Vehicle Procurement Issues
□Vehicle premiums can be quite high RCV + £25K (~35% premium) Small van + £3k to +£5k (20-25% premium)
□Existing fuel price differentials suggest pay back for Gas RCV within 5 years, aided by high fuel use of RCV. (Assumes 87p/kg, no gas station costs)
□Need to consider ‘Whole Life’ costs & slight payload loss
□Residual Values are untested in UK
□Leeds taking an active in Procurement Guidance WG (Will aid group procurement/reduced premium costs)
Operational Issues
□The Operation of Gas vehicles involves more than simply purchasing the vehicles
□Initially requires local main dealer support
□Longer term, may require in-house workshop alterations and suitable training of Mechanics and Drivers
□Health and Safety Requirements
□Up to 10% reduced payloads, risks of double shifts, or extra vehicles
Permanent Refuelling StationChicken and Egg!
□Operation of vehicles need reliable/secure fuel supply.
□Investment in refuelling infrastructure can be difficult to justify whilst operating a small No. of vehicles
□Change from small Nos. of vehicles to a “critical mass” is difficult without suitable refuelling infrastructure.
□Working with Cenex, to understand optimum vehicles Nos/size of station/investment strategy.
Use of IGP for Gas Refuelling Station
□IGP bid for £75K accepted July, provides match funding to enable procurement of own gas refuelling.
□LTP2 has recently approved 25% funding
□Awaiting final decision for remaining 25%, using Leeds Energy Efficiency Fund
□If successful, a permanent station sited in RCV depot
□Will enable Leeds fleet to procure more gas vehicles
□Facility available to 3rd parties, but H&S issues would limit Nos.
□Potential RGI partners to operate/trial gas vehicles
Other Biomethane Initiatives for LCR
□Aspiration to set up a Strategic Gas Refuelling Station
□Possible site, Aire Valley Leeds/Urban Eco-settlement, proposed Renewable Energy Park, close to M1.
□Links with developing Leeds Waste Strategy
□Build on Leeds Biomethane trials/RGI initiatives, invite to work with DfT Biofuels Team,
□Looking for additional RGI Partners? (YAS, Sainsbury's, Leeds City College, Quarry House & Yorkshire Water)
□Need long term local source of Biomethane
Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme (LCVPP)
□The LCVPP aims to accelerate the introduction of lower carbon technologies onto the UK vehicle market.
□Opportunity to demonstrate the real-world performance of low carbon technologies in high profile public sector fleets.
□£20m available to meet premium costs of procuring LC vehicles
□Under the LCVPP, Leeds currently trialling:- 19no. Diesel Electric Hybrids (Ashwoods/Ford Transit 5no. All electric plug ins (Smiths / Ford Transit)
□Will monitor performance & compare with diesel variant
Other Leeds Fleet Initiatives
□Fleet driver training, includes MiDAS & SAFED Eco- driving techniques/Cert of Prof Competence
□Use of Masternaut to improve journey planning
□6 Welfare Minibus Merc Sprinters, using Eco Stop/Start
□Trialling Fuel-Save/On Demand Hydrogen Generator
□Trialled tyre pressure sensors, often seized, now daily daily tyre pressure checks
□Lord Mayor’s Toyota Prius
New Generation Transport (NGT)□High quality trolleybus system representing ‘step change’
□High levels of segregation
□14.3 kms granted programme entry
□Essential characteristics include: Punctual and reliable Modern, safe and secure High quality information Park & Ride facilities Fully Accessible
□Low emission transport, regeneratic braking
□Key objective to initiate modal shift Expected AM peak 40% modal shift from car, (Including Park Ride)
□Awaiting Government funding decision
Summary of Presentation
□Urgent action is needed to reduce Transport related GHG’s emissions
□Low Emission Vehicle Technologies will significant reduce transport GHG emissions
□LEV’s will require supporting Infrastructure Networks
□Group Procurement & increased use of LEV’s will greatly improve economic viability
□Widespread use of LEV’s will mitigate Climate Change, improve local air quality & noise climate