Low Energy - Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

Clean air solutions

THE CAMFIL GROUP

Peter Dyment

Low Energy - Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

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Camfil worldwide

2013 Group sales of £450m3,380 employees24 production plantsSales companies in 25 countriesAgents and representatives in more than 50 countries

Clean air should be a human right


Building Energy Efficiency with Indoor Air Quality

Typically up to 50% of Energy use in Large Buildings is in the HVAC systemsCity centre air quality is typically

above WHO annual warning levels for PM2.5 and NO2.


The opportunity for improvement is great


1. Clean air that can be inhaled without risk to health. LOW - PM2.5 LOW - NOx LOW - O3 LOW – SOx Use Air filters recommended by EN13779:2007 and tested to EN779:2012 class F7 to F9

2. Temperature 20-22 deg.C. Suitable for comfort

3. Relative Humidity should be 40% to 60%

4. Ventilation rate sufficient to dilute CO2 and maintain O2

5. Check building envelope has low leakage

6. Check HVAC plant is fit for purpose, well maintained. Suitable controls and control strategy.

Indoor Air Quality from the HVAC system


What is the major risk to health? Poor IAQAir Pollution causes up to 360,000 premature deaths per year in the EU. Pope et al 2002

•Particles Cardio vascular diseasesLung diseasesAsthmaIncreased mortality in heart and

lung diseasesand cancer

Bacterial and Viral infection

•Nitrogen dioxidesAsthma and breathing disorderReduced lung functionReduced immunological defense.Cancer

OzoneAsthmatic disorders, mucous irritation, eye irritation, headache

Benzene & PAHCancer


An airtight building envelope and effective air filtration can prevent ingress of air pollution for clean IAQ

Particles counted are mainly toxic fine combustion particulates from traffic

BenefitParticle Reduction of 78% between Outside and Inside Air

Particle Reduction to Supply Air also byEffective Air Filtration


Airtight building testing

Indoor Air Quality in Buildings

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Airtight building envelope testing is becoming a requirement for many new-build projects

BSRIA Air Tightness for compliance to Part L1 and L2 building regulations. Member of ATTMA, the appointed air pressure testing organisation for the BINDT

Once the air tightness of a building envelope is known it is possible to assess the required air change rates to give adequate ventilation.

Carbon dioxide reduction along with other internal background gas phase pollutants can be achieved.


Air Handling Unit energy flow

Pre-filterSecondary-filter

Intake Air

Frost coil

Supply Air

DamperHeating coil

Cooling coil

FAN

MOTOR

Gas-filter (Carbon) Attenuator

OUTSIDE INSIDE

Electrical Energy input via motor


This equation calculates the kilowatt hours consumed by an element of a ventilation system based upon average pressure loss

kWh/year1000η

tdPqE

q = Air flow (m3/s)

dP = Pressure drop (Pa)

t = Operating time (hours/year)

h = Fan efficiency (20% - 65% ?)

The Energy Calculation


These steady state reductions can be improved by use of demand led controls and time clocking

Maximum AHU system energy conservation comes from a dual strategy of optimising static components then use of an inverter speed control on fan motor


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How we optimise our Low Energy Air Filter selection

A Hi-flo F7 M7 Bag filter with 9.2 M2 of micro-fibre media has the optimum low pressure drop and consistent high particulate efficiency with a longer working life

BS:EN13779:2007 advises F7 minimum efficiency

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Energy Reduction confirmed optimizing with Low Energy Air Filters

21% Reduction in fan motor energy

North AHU with Low Energy Air Filters(micro-fibre glass)

South AHU Original Synthetic medium Air Filters



An Air Handling unit demonstrator shows that there is Huge potential ECO savings with air filter optimisation (LEAF) and Fan speed control


Air Handling unit demonstrator Real Life results show ‘single figure’ deviation only for fan motor speed control


Annual Savings – for a 10 m3/s system

Element % Kwh £ Revenue or capital Payback

Upgrade filters 22% 6000 600 Revenue < 3 months

Clean coils 10% 2500 250 Revenue < 6 months

Upgrade fans 35% 60000 6000 Capital> 24

months

Upgrade chillers 40%136000 13600 Capital> 36

months

Table is prioritised by payback periodData source – EECO2 Energy Efficiency Consultants (Low Carbon Consultants)Note: A payback time of less than 12 months is a ‘no brainer’ decision to implement

Renewable energy options are in excess of ten years and in some cases over fifty years

Incremental Benefits – ISO 50001 Energy management

Motivation – financial efficiency



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•Particle filtration•Gas filtration•Without upgradingthe main HVAC system •Energy efficient

Stand alone portable air cleaners provide a practical health and economic solution

Mix recirculation and supply air

Fast response and portable to give Clean Indoor Air Quality


Indoor Air Quality problems can be determined by Air Quality testing

Indoor air pollutants can be measured and assessed by use of a particle counter or for gas pollutants a gas monitor or a City check kit as shown. This kit can determine concentration levels for 39 different problem gas pollutants.

Once the type and concentration of the pollutants has been determined and the risk level determined, action can be taken when required to make reductions.

Portable handheld particle counter



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HiFlo M7 Bag filterCity-Flo Bag filter

Citycarb compact filter Citysorb compact filter

Low Energy Air Filters consistent and effective IAQ performance

•Low Energy Air Filters with EN13779:2007 performance F7 to F9

•Gas filtration also to EN13779:2007 when required.

• Micro-fibre glass medium performs consistently for up to 2 years.

•Low operating pressure drop for best energy efficiency.

•Minimal maintenance and disposal costs


Low Energy - Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

Clearly the elements are available

1. Effective Low Energy Air Filters in Air Handling Units or stand alone air cleaners

2. Air Temperature control3. Humidity level control when needed4. Ventilation rate sufficient to dilute levels

of Carbon Dioxide and replace Oxygen.5. An Air tight building envelope with

tested performance6. Effective monitoring and planned

maintenance that includes AHU and Air Duct Hygiene inspection and cleaning

Air System AHU and Duct maintenance is a short payback measure to achieve clean IAQ.



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THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS?

Download our APP from Google PlayFor more information about clean air solutions, improving air quality,

low energy air filters, AHUs (Air Handling Units) and the EPBD, visit www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk

www.keepthecityout.co.ukwww.camfil.co.uk

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Date post:	10-May-2015
Category:	Business
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Low Energy - Indoor Air Quality for Buildings

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