Date post: | 13-Apr-2017 |
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Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
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Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
2 Group members
Attia Iqbal Hafsa Rashid Maria Sharif
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
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TOPIC
Low Power MAC For Wireless Sensor Networks
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
4 MAC
Medium access control or media access control (MAC) layer is the lower sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model
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5 Low power MAC for WSNs
Networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner
Low-power MAC protocol, for low-traffic wireless sensor network.
Low power MAC for Wireless sensor networks consists of protocols and algorithms
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6 Types of MAC protocols
There are three types of mac protocols:1. Fixed-allocation
2. Demand-based
3. Contention-based
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7 Fixed-allocation MAC protocol
Share the common medium It is suitable for sensor network that continuously monitor
and generate deterministic data trafficProvide a bounded delay for each node
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8 Demand-based MAC protocol
Channel is allocated according to the demand of the node Variable rate traffic can be efficiently transmitted Require the additional overhead of a reservation process
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9 Contention-based MAC protocol
Random-access-based contention for the channel when packets need to be transmitted
Suitable for bursty traffic
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10 Subsystem of node
Each node of the sensor networks consist of three subsystem: 1. Sensor subsystem2. Processing subsystem3. Communication subsystem
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Sensor subsystem: Senses the environment
Processing subsystem: Performs local computations on the sensed data
Communication subsystem: Responsible for message exchange with neighboring sensor nodes
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12 Energy efficient wireless MAC protocolThere are four sources of energy waste: 1. Idle listening2. Overhearing3. Collisions4. Protocol overhead
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13 Idle listening: Idle listening refers to the active listening to an
idle channel
Overhearing: Receive packets destined to others
Collisions: Multiple senders want to talk
Protocol overhead: It refers to the packet headers and the signaling required by the protocol in addition to the transmission of data payloads
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Energy efficient system extends the WSN’s lifetime and increases its computational capabilities
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15 Duty-cycling
It is a primary technique significantly improving the energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
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16 Types of duty-cycling
1. Synchronous duty-cycling2. Asynchronous duty-cycling
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Synchronous duty-cycling: In synchronous duty-cycling, all nodes have synchronized duty cycles
Asynchronous duty-cycling: , In asynchronous duty-cycling, nodes have their own duty cycles
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18 Power consumption
A large number of sensor nodes cheap batteries
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19 Example
Switching the RF(radio frequency) transceiver
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20 Types of transmission
1. Uplink (from the sensor nodes to the access point)
2. Downlink (from the access point to the sensor nodes)
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Uplink transmissionAccess points can listen all the time to the channel Multiple access to the channel
Downlink transmissionData transmission without requiring sensor nodes
continuously listen to the channelTradeoff between power consumption and transmission delay
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If the medium is found busy, a sensor node continues to listen until a data frame is received or until the medium becomes idle again
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23 Researches about MAC
Liao introduced a high performance low-power 32-bits MAC with Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) feature.
Elguibaly proposed a merged MAC operation and gave an analytical overview of how his technique optimizes the MAC hardware.
Murakami et al. adopted the half array implementation to design a high speed and area-effective MAC architecture. Raghuneth et al. made use of a carry-save multiplier that can simplify sign extension and saturation, and further applies it on the MAC architecture to reduce the unit’s area and power consumption.
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The 32-bit MAC unit architecture is very large, so the 8-bit MAC unit architecture is used
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25 Applications OF Low power MAC for WSNs:
Health care monitoringAir pollution monitoringLandslide detectionWater quality monitoringNatural disaster preventionIndustrial monitoringArea monitoring
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26 References1. http://www.slideshare.net/shikhathegreat/ppt-on-low-power-wireless-sensor-
network-5th-sem2. Won, Myounggyu, Taejoon Park, and Sang H. Son. "Asym-MAC: A MAC Protocol
for Low-Power Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links." IEEE Communications Letters 18.5 (2014): 809-812.
3. Shi, Xiaolei, and Guido Stromberg. "SyncWUF: An ultra low-power MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 6.1 (2007): 115-125.
4. Abdelgawad, A. "Low power multiply accumulate unit (MAC) for future Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), 2013 IEEE. IEEE, 2013.
5. El-Hoiydi, Amre, and J-D. Decotignie. "WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks." Computers and Communications, 2004. Proceedings. ISCC 2004. Ninth International Symposium on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2004.
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