Low Power Wide Area Networks: Simple Access Technologies ... · Low Power Wide Area Networks:...

Low Power Wide Area Networks: Simple Access Technologies to Create the Big Data

Dr. Juan Nogueira. Cambridge Wireless, December 14h 2017

1

Big Data Sources

Walmart: 1 Mio. customer

transactions / hour.

Facebook: 30+ Petabytes user

generated data.

Tweeter: 230+ Mio. of tweets/day.

Amazon: 258+ Mio sales /

minute

298 Bi. Mails/ Day

Snapchat: 527K+ photos

shared / minute

The Weather Channel: 18 Mi. forecasts requests / minute

??

Speed

Reliable

Mobility

L4

2

Why LPWAN Technologies?

Low costModems < 1.5 - 5$ Fees < 1$/Y, 5ct/month,

of 150 dBs

Long RangeLink budgets in excess

of 150 dBs

Low PowerSimilar to common short

range transceivers.

Low Throughput100bps up to 200Kbps

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LPWAN Technologies role in The IoT Ecosystem

(SOURCE: RIOT RESEARCH. LPWAN REVENEU FORECAST 2017 - 2023

LPWAN technologies will generate close to $ 3B only in the LPWAN module business by 2023

Three technologies (LoRa, SigFox, NB_IoT) will concentrate 90% LPWAN technologies in the market by 2023.

(SOURCE: ERICSOON, ERICSSON MOBILITY REPORT, JUNE 2016

SOURCE: VODAFONE IoT BAROMETER 2017/18

4

Why LPWAN Technologies?

Solution Filling up the Technology gap

Range

Power Consumption

LPWAN

5

Flex Selected LPWAN technologies

• Sigfox: Technology summary

• Ultra Narrow Band (100Hz) • Less noise comes into the receiver

• achieves high sensitivity (-159dBm) • 156dB Link Budget.

• Rural 30 – 50km • Urban 3 – 10km• Good indoor penetration

• Good coverage• No Roaming problems • Cost:

• Connection prices from ~ 12€ / year / device• HW: Modules for <2$ and ICs for < $ 90ct

• Ultra Narrow Band (100Hz) • Less noise comes into the receiver

• achieves high sensitivity (-159dBm) • 156dB Link Budget.

• Rural 30 – 50km • Urban 3 – 10km• Good indoor penetration

• Good coverage• No Roaming problems • Cost:

• Connection prices from ~ 12€ / year / device• HW: Modules for <2$ and ICs for < $ 90ct

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• Sigfox: Limitations

• Very low data rate 100bps • Long Time-on-Air

• 12Bytes 2sec Tx time • higher power consumption & collision probability.

• Data communication limitations:• Uplink:

• EU 1% Duty Cycle / hour 72Bytes/hour 140 messages/12Bytes/day

• US 400ms dwell time 288 bits / min • Downlink: max x4 8Bytes/day almost unidirectional

• Weak security (no encryption)• Sigfox is an unique Network Operator

• Very low data rate 100bps • Long Time-on-Air

• 12Bytes 2sec Tx time • higher power consumption & collision probability.

• Data communication limitations:• Uplink:

• EU 1% Duty Cycle / hour 72Bytes/hour 140 messages/12Bytes/day

• US 400ms dwell time 288 bits / min • Downlink: max x4 8Bytes/day almost unidirectional

• Weak security (no encryption)• Sigfox is an unique Network Operator

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• Sigfox: Architecture

Free FW Licensing

Silicon Vendors

Silicon Vendors

SOURCE: SIGFOX

8


• Sigfox: Coverage

17 countries with national coverage (Sept 2017)

SOURCE: SIGFOX

SOURCE: SIGFOX

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• Sigfox Atlas: Geolocation

SOURCE: SIGFOX

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• Sigfox Admiral Ivory: Ultra low cost Towards disposable IoT

… to transform any short- range wireless device into a long-range IoT, with a hardware component as little as $0.20, and as simple as the one that you find in a garage door remote control.

SOURCE: SIGFOX

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• LoRa : Technology summary

• Spread Spectrum Technology• Tx below noise floor Intrinsic security

• Three device classes• A,B,C for different use case requirements

• Deep indoor penetration• IEEE 802.15.4 Security layer and encryption E2E • Standardized & open MAC protocol LoRaWAN• Public & private networks• LoRa Alliance Ecosystem (>450 members)• Cost:

• LoRa module (100K units) $7.5, • Flex LoRa modem BOM $4.25

• Spread Spectrum Technology• Tx below noise floor Intrinsic security

• Three device classes• A,B,C for different use case requirements

• Deep indoor penetration• IEEE 802.15.4 Security layer and encryption E2E • Standardized & open MAC protocol LoRaWAN• Public & private networks• LoRa Alliance Ecosystem (>450 members)• Cost:

• LoRa module (100K units) $7.5, • Flex LoRa modem BOM $4.25

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• LoRa : Technology summary

• Multiple spreading factors • Adaptive data rate 300 bps – 30 Kbps

• Multiple spreading factors • Adaptive data rate 300 bps – 30 Kbps

SOURCE: SEMTECH

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• LoRa: Limitations

• Roaming needs to be solved• Scalability, multiple providers, spectrum / network congestion • Data communication limitations:

• Uplink: • EU 1% Duty Cycle / hour

• It depends on SF12 x3 SigFox, SF7 x55 SigFox• US 400ms Dwell time

• SF12 & SF11 not allowed. • Range compensated with higher Tx Power

• Downlink: Every message is Acknowledged. bidirectional

• Roaming needs to be solved• Scalability, multiple providers, spectrum / network congestion • Data communication limitations:

• Uplink: • EU 1% Duty Cycle / hour

• It depends on SF12 x3 SigFox, SF7 x55 SigFox• US 400ms Dwell time

• SF12 & SF11 not allowed. • Range compensated with higher Tx Power

• Downlink: Every message is Acknowledged. bidirectional

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• LoRa: Ecosystem

End Node IP Core Licensing

Silicon Vendors

Unique GW Chips Provider

Open SW - Promotion

GW Providers

Eco System

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• LoRa: Ecosystem

Silicon/Modules GatewaysDevices Network Server Application Server

LoRa RF LoRaWAN

TCP/IP SSLLoRaWAN

TCP/IP SSLSecure Payload

AES Encrypted Secured Payload Application Data

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• LoRa: Geolocation

SOURCE: LoRa Alliance

SOURCE: LoRa Alliance

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• LoRa: Coverage • 50 Announced Public Network Operators• 45 Alliance Member Operators• 350+ on-going trials & city deployments• 500+ members in the Alliance

Legend:

Country with Publicly Announced Network

Other LoRaWAN deployment

September 2017SOURCE: LoRa Alliance

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• LTE Cat-M/NB_IoT: 3GPP Targets

• Optimized for low cost < $5 and low power• 10 years feasible in many scenarios with very low duty

cycle• Extended coverage:

• 20 dB better than existing cellular • Deep indoor penetration

• Narrowband (180 kHz channels)• Huge numbers of terminals per cell (10s of 1000s)

• Reuses existing cellular infrastructure • Licensed Spectrum No interferences• End2End Security

• Optimized for low cost < $5 and low power• 10 years feasible in many scenarios with very low duty

cycle• Extended coverage:

• 20 dB better than existing cellular • Deep indoor penetration

• Narrowband (180 kHz channels)• Huge numbers of terminals per cell (10s of 1000s)

• Reuses existing cellular infrastructure • Licensed Spectrum No interferences• End2End Security

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LPWAN Technologies: 3GPP answer to LPWAN NB_IoT

• 3GPP Release 13 Cellular IoT Evolution CIoT GERAN Clean sheet proposals

• NB-M2M (Neul-Huawei, u-blox, Ericsson, Samsung)• NB-OFDMA (Qualcomm)• C-UNB (derivative of SIGFOX)• NB-CSS (Semtech, derivative of LoRa)• NB-CIoT (NB-M2M + NB-OFDMA) (Qualcomm, Neul-Huawei, u-blox)

GSM Evolution proposals• NB-GSM• EC-GSM (Ericsson)

TR 45.820 GERAN selection process

Move forward• LTE-M 1.4MHz• EC-GSM

Clean sheet for further refinement• NB-CIoT• NB-LTE RP-151621

RAN #70 selection process December 2015

Output for R13• EC-GSM• LTE-M 1.4MHz Cat M1• NB_CIoT + NB-LTE NB_IoT = CatM2 = CatNB1

NB_CIoTEC-GSM

TR 36.88RAN #69 selection process September 2015

CIoT RAN Clean sheet proposal• NB-LTE (Ericsson, Nokia, MTK, AT&T, Sprint)

LTE Evolution proposal• LTE-M 1.4MHz BW

R13 specification June 2016

6PRB reserved for

control

Cat M2 in-guard band20

180kHz from 12x15kHz subcarriers (OFDMA downlink)

LTE 180kHz PRB(Physical Resource Block)

LTE Cat M2200KHz from 1 x 180kHz + 20kHz guard bands

Typical 5MHz LTE 5MHz with 25 x 180kHz + 500kHz guard bands

LTE Cat M11.4MHz with 6 x 180kHz + 320kHz guard bands

Cat M2 in-band

Cat M2 in 200kHz GSM no guard Cat M2 in 200kHz GSM with guard

Cat M1 in-band


• LTE Cat-M/NB_IoT

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LPWAN Technologies: 3GPP answer to LPWAN NB_IoT

• 3GPP Release 13 Cellular IoT Evolution

LTE-MTC (Cat-0) EC-GSM NB-CIoT NB-LTE

3GPP Release 3GPP Rel 12 3GPP Rel 13 3GPP Rel 13 Candidate 3GPP Rel 13 Candidate 3GPP Rel 13 Candidate

Technology Based on LTE Based on LTE GERAN Clean-slate Clean-slate

DL peak data rate 1 Mbps 200 kbps DL 360kbs, UL 48kbps DL 128kbs, UL 64kbps DL peak data rate

Bandwidth 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz180kHz DL (48 x 3.75kHz)UL (36 x 5kHz)

180kHz DL (12 x 15kHz) UL (72 x 2.5kHz)

Multiple Access DL OFDMA OFDMA TDMA OFDMA OFDMA

Multiple Access UL SC-FDMA SC-FDMA TDMA FDMA SC-FDMA

Modulation DL QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM GMSK BPSK, QPSK, optional

16QAMBPSK, QPSK, optional 16QAM

Modulation UL QPSK, 16QAM QPSK, 16QAM GMSK GMSK, optional BPSK, QPSK,8PSK

BPSK, QPSK, optional 16QAM

Target Link Budget

15-20 dB coverage enhancement vs. Rel 12

20 dB better coverage vs. LTE

+20 dB better coverage vs. LTE



Merged as LTE-CatM2 (NB_IoT)Merged as LTE-CatM2 (NB_IoT)Go ThroughGo ThroughMerged in LTE-Cat M1Merged in LTE-Cat M1

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• LTE Cat-M/NB_IoTLTE – Cat M NB_IoT EC - GSM

3GPP Release 3GPP Rel 13 3GPP Rel 13 3GPP Rel 13

Peak data rates 1 Mbps (FDD)375 kbps (HD-FDD)

DL up to 250kbps UL single tone up to 20 to 64kbps, UL multi-tone up to 250kbps

10 kbps to 240kbps

Bandwidth DL 1.4 MHz 180kHz (12 x 15kHz) 200 kHz

Bandwidth UL 1.4 MHzSingle-tone 180kHz by 3.75kHz or 15kHz) or multi-tone (180kHz by 15kHz)

200 kHz

Multiple Access DL OFDMA OFDMA TDMA

Multiple Access UL SC-FDMA Single-tone FDMA or multi-tone SC-FDMA TDMA

Modulation DL QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM BPSK, QPSK, optional 16QAM GMSK, optional 8PSK

Modulation UL QPSK, 16QAM TBC π/4-QPSK, rotated π/2-BPSK, 8PSK optional 16QAM GMSK, optional 8PSK

Target Link Budget ~156 dB ~164 dB ~164 dBMobility Full Nomadic FullMax Tx Power +20 dBm or 23 dBm +23 dBm +23 dBm or 33 dBmVoLTE support Yes No YesDuplex Mode Half or Full Half Half

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• NB_IoT Modes of operation

Source: Nokia

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• LTE Cat-M Coverage: Actual

Source: Sierra Wireless

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• LTE Cat-M Coverage: 2018 H1


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• NB_IoT Coverage: Actual


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• NB_IoT Coverage : 2018 H1•


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Disclaimer

• All information in this presentation is collected from public available sources.• Flex does not claim any relation with any of the companies mentioned in this

presentation.• This presentation does not reveal any information regarding future plans of any

company mentioned, including Flex its customers and its subsidiaries • Neither the author nor Flex is getting paid, and neither the author nor Flex endorse

any company mentioned

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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