Low Stress Cattle HandlingLow Stress Cattle Handling

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OutlineOutline Background Animal science research Understanding

cattle behaviour Moving cattle Special hazards A word about bulls Livestock facilities Conclusion

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BackgroundBackgroundLivestock related deaths and injuries are a major problem.20% of all farm injuries serious enough to need hospitalization are livestock related. __ Canadians died in work-related livestock incidents between 1990 and 2000.

Hospitalized Livestock Injuries

46%

21%

33%

Horses

Cows

Other

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Animal Science ResearchAnimal Science ResearchDr. Temple Grandin, an animal science researcher at Colorado State University, developed low stress livestock handling theory in the 1980’s.

Alberta rancher Bud Williams turned theory into practice and became the world’s leading cattle handling expert in the 1990’s.

Today, many trainers, offer classes in low stress livestock handling.

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Animal Science ResearchAnimal Science Research

Dr. Temple Grandin also showed that low stress cattle handling improves productivity. Faster weight gain More milk in dairy

cows Less disease and

injury

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Understanding cattle Understanding cattle behaviourbehaviour

Sensory characteristicsSight: Poor depth perception:

Cattle need time to adjust to changes in lighting, flooring etc.

Blind spot and kick zone

Hearing: Sensitive hearing:

Cattle are agitated by shouting, barking dogs and any sudden noise.

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Understanding cattle Understanding cattle behaviourbehaviour

Blind spot and kick zone All grazing animals

have wide-angle vision but can’t see behind themselves.

Nature’s way of protecting the blind spot is for the animal to kick into that space.

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Understanding cattle Understanding cattle behaviourbehaviour

Temperament Animal personality =

genetics + life experience.

Forehead whorl can help identify temperament.

Proper handling and selective culling create a manageable herd.

Signs of aggression include:

• Quick, erratic movements

• Raised, flicking tail Pawing the ground

• Turning sideways• Raised ears

• Snorting

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Understanding cattle Understanding cattle behaviourbehaviour

Instincts: Herding instinct Follow the leader

instinct Maternal instinct Territorial instinct Habitual instinct:

“enjoy routine”

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Understanding cattle Understanding cattle behaviourbehaviour

Flight zone Corresponds to the

animal’s personal space. To locate edge of flight

zone, approach animal and note when it starts to move away in opposite direction.

Deep invasion causes fear and agitation.

Size of flight zone diminishes with frequent, gentle handling.

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Understanding cattle Understanding cattle behaviourbehaviour

Point of balance Is at the animal’s

shoulder or chest area.

Cow will move in the opposite direction to the direction the handler is moving as the handler passes the cow’s point of balance.

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Moving cattleMoving cattleGeneral rules: Work with another

person. Avoid quick

movements and loud noises.

Respect the size of the animal.

Plan an escape route. Avoid leading cattle

into an enclosed area (eg: truck) without an escape route.

Don’t wrap or tie a lead rope to yourself.

Remove distractions before moving cattle.

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Moving cattleMoving cattleMore general rules: Stand beside a gate,

not behind it. Avoid electric prods and

physical force. A stick with bells or plastic ribbons alerts cattle where you are.

Dress appropriately:• Leather gloves• Steel-toed boots with

metatarsal guards• Rubber gloves if

animal is ill or injured

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Moving cattleMoving cattle

To initiate movement: Apply gentle pressure

at the edge of the flight zone

Do not continue to pressure the animal once it is moving away from you.

Don’t push an animal to move if it has no place to go.

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Moving cattleMoving cattle

To get an animal to move forward (or backward): Walk past the animal in

the direction opposite to the direction you want the animal to move.

As you cross the animals point of balance, it will begin moving forward (or backward).

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Moving a herdMoving a herd

To drive a herd: Pace or ride back

and forth behind the group at a 90* angle to the direction you want it to move.

Keep this up as the cattle move forward.

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Special hazardsSpecial hazardsSeparation from the herd May cause anxiety and

unpredictable behaviour

New situations May cause anxiety and

unpredictable behaviour.

Cattle form a lasting impression of painful or frightening events – may result in future handling problems.

Illness or injury May cause unpredictable

behaviour. Kick toward injured side.

Calving Cows can be aggressive

when protecting their young.

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A word about bullsA word about bulls

Everyone knows bulls are dangerous – but, just how dangerous are they? Bull attacks account

for over 40% of all livestock fatalities on Canadian farms and ranches.

Only 1 in 20 victims survives a bull attack.

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Bulls, cont’d.Bulls, cont’d.Most bull attacks occur in stockyards or open fields – not in barns.Bulls have a “pecking order” and may bolt to avoid a more dominant bull.Mating season is a high-risk time for bull attacks.

Safety tips:1. Avoid unnecessary

exposure to bulls.2. Work with another

person.3. Be aware of a bull’s

position at all times. 4. Know your escape

route.

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Livestock facilitiesLivestock facilitiesKeep facilities in good repairProvide adequate lighting – shadows can spook an animal.Make sure floors, chutes and ramps have non-slip footing and keep floors dry.Don’t fill holding pens more than ½ to ¾ full for easy movement and sorting.

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Livestock facilitiesLivestock facilities

Make ramp slopes gradual.Keep chutes narrow enough cattle can’t turn around.Curved chutes encourage cattle to move forward.Consider investing in devices that reduce stress for cattle and handler, such as back-up restraints.

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ConclusionConclusion

Low stress cattle handling is: Safe Enjoyable Productive Humane

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Other ResourcesOther ResourcesI.ARE.H “Low Stress Cattle Handling” video “Livestock Handling Safety” press kit from Canadian Federation of AgricultureSafe Animal Handling

CD-ROM, available from B.C.4-H “Leading the Way” video, available from MB 4-H.NAGCAT Guidelines“Animal Care” Best Practices Booklet

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Program PartnersProgram Partners

• Institute of Agricultural Rural and Environmental Health (I.ARE.H)– University of Saskatchewan

• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada• Canadian Agricultural Safety Association