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3/28/2012 1
POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR
SEMINARON
Submitted By :-Vishnu Dev(PIET/EC/08/92)
Submitted To :-Mr. K.R.PrajapatMs.Rachna Gera
Assistant Professor(ECE)
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28-Mar-12Light emitting polymer
IntroductionLEPConstruction and workingInk jet printer
Active Matrix and passive MatrixBasic principle and technology Light emission
ApplicationsFuture application
Advantages and DisadvantagesConclusion
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Introduction After watching the breakfast news on TV, you rollup the set like a large handkerchief, and stuff itinto your briefcase.
Somewhere in the Kargil sector, a platooncommander of the Indian Army readies for theregular satellite updates that will give him thelatest terrain pictures of the border in his sector.
All these are possible using
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LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER Schematic of a 2-layer LEP:1. Cathode (), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive Layer, 5. Anode (+)
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A voltage is applied across the LEP such thatthe anode is positive with respect to thecathode. This causes a current of electrons toflow through the device from cathode to anode.
Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and theholes towards each other and they recombineliberating light.In organic semiconductors holes are moremobile than electrons. The recombinationcauses a drop in the energy levels of electrons,accompanied by an emission of radiation.
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CONSTRUCTION
Anode- Indium Tin OxideCathode- AluminumPolymer- poly phenylene vinylene
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Light-emitting devices consist of emitting layerssandwiched between a cathode and an anode.Single-layer devices typically work only under aforward DC bias.In order to manufacture the polymer, a SPIN-COATING MACHINE is used.The robot pours the plastic over the rotating plate, which, evenly spreads the polymer on the plate. Thisresults in an extremely fine layer of the thickness of 100 nanometers.Once the polymer is evenly spread, it is baked in anoven to evaporate any remnant liquid
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INK JET PRINTING
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Use of inkjet printing for PLED displaysThis technique is now at the forefront of developments in digital electronic materialsdeposition.Red, green and blue polymer solutions are jetted into well defined areas with an angle
of flight deviation of less than 5.
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Types of OLEDsPassive OLEDs
The organic layer is betweenstrips of cathode and anode thatrun perpendicular
The intersections form the pixels Easy to make Use more power Best for small screens
Active OLEDs
Full layers of cathode andanode Anode over lays a thin film
transistor (TFT) Requires less power Higher refresh rates Suitable for large screens
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BASIC PRINCIPLE AND TECHNOLOGY
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The properties of the spherical s orbital and bimodal porbitals combine into four equal , unsymmetrical ,tetrahedral oriented hybridized sp 3 orbitals. This is knownas a sigmabond
A conjugated pi bond refers to a carbon chain or ring whose bonds alternate between single and double (ortriple) bonds. The bonding system tends to form strongerbonds than might be first indicated by a structure withsingle bonds
Electron and hole mobility occurs as a hopping mechanism which is significant to the practicaldevelopment of organic emitting devices.
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LIGHT EMISSION
Electroluminescence :The energy is released when an electron from theconduction band falls into a hole in the valence band.
The electronic device that accomplishes this electron-hole interaction is that of a diode, which consists of ann-type material (electron rich) interfaced with p-typematerial (hole rich).The mobility of electrons and holes are limited to thelinear or branched directions of the molecule. Theefficiency of electron/hole transport between polymermolecules is also unique to polymers.
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Electron and hole mobility occurs as a hoppingmechanism which is significant to the practicaldevelopment of organic emitting devices.
PPV has a fully conjugated backbone as aconsequence the HIGHEST OCCUPIED MOLECULAR ORBIT (HOMO)of the macromolecule stretchesacross the entire chain, this kind of situation is
ideal for the transport of charge; in simple terms,electrons can simply "hop" from one orbital tothe next since they are all linked.
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APPLICATIONSPHOTOVOLTAICSPLED technology can be used in reverse, to convertlight into electricity. Devices which convert light
into electricity are called photovoltaic (PV)devices, and are at the heart of solar cells and lightdetectors.
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POLY LED TV LEPs TVs are really thin - the Sony XEL-1 forexample is just 3mm thick. The new prototypes by Sony are merely 0.3mm thick!
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TRANSPARENT OLEDS While there seem to be zero to few readily available uses of transparent OLEDs (TOLEDs) inthe consumer market today, the technology exists
for wide spread use in the future.
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FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
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NEWS AND INFORMATION Imagine a day when you arereading a newspaper that iscapable of showingpictures and video, iscontinuously updating
itself with the latest news via Wi-Fi connection, andis also so thin and flexiblethat you can roll it up andput it in your backpack orbriefcase.That day may someday bea reality thanks to OLEDtechnology
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OLEDs as a Light Source
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ADVANCEMENTS IN THE HOME One of the many possibilitiesis to replace regular walls or
windows with similar sizedOLED installations which willlead to user -definable
window spaces".These walls will usetransparent OLEDs that willmake it possible to havecertain areas opaque whileother areas clear, depending
on what the homeowner would like. Additionally, the wall can be any color ordesign that you want.
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Future Uses for OLEDLighting
Flexible / bendable lighting Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space Transparent lighting doubles as a window
Cell Phones Nokia 888
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OLED PASSPORT
Samsung SDI fromGermany have designedthe OLED passport which is claimed to be
completely manipulation-proof.The OLED display willbe able to display both
video and text containinginformation about thepassport holder.
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OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent Cheaper way to create flexible lighting Requires less power Better quality of light.+ New design concepts for interior lighting
Require only 3.3 volts and have lifetime of more than 30,000hours. Self luminous.
Self luminous. OLED TVs are really thin - the Sony XEL-1 for example is just3mm thick. The new prototypes by Sony are merely 0.3mmthick!
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DISADVANTAGES
Because they are made out of organic compounds, somehave a tendency to die out before others. Reds andblues die first, leaving a very green display. Red and green typically last between 10,000 and 40,000hours, while blue compounds begin to die at around1,000 hours. Additionally, the brightness to which yourdisplay is set has a tremendous effect on longevity.
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28-Mar-12Light emitting polymer
Engineering and Production As in any new technology cost is usually a barrierto mainstream production. Water is also a problem in which engineers need tosolve before LEPs can be mass marketed. Because
the organic compounds are water soluble it isnecessary to create a sealant that will keep out allmoisture but still keep the capabilities that makeLEPs so advantageous.
When these two hurdles can be overcome OLEDs willbecome a very viable display alternative to LCD,Plasma, and projection devices.
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28-Mar-12Light emitting polymer
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28-Mar-12Light emitting polymer
ConclusionOrganic electronics are already entering commercial world. Multicolor automobile stereo displays are nowavailable from Pioneer Corp., of Tokyo.Royal Philips Electronics, Amsterdam is gearing up toproduce PLED backlights to be used in LCDs andorganic ICs.The first products using organic displays are already inthe market. And while it is always difficult to predict when and what future products will be introduced
The portable and light weight organic displays willsoon cover our walls replacing the bulky and powerhungry cathode ray tubes.
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ANY QUERIES??
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