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UHF 6033: DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIPIntroduction

Assoc Prof. Dr. Yusof Boon

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Who Who Is Is

A Leader?A Leader?

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Learning Outcomes■5 key elements of leadership5 key elements of leadership■10 managerial roles10 managerial roles■Levels of leadership analysis Levels of leadership analysis

interrelationshipinterrelationship■Behavioral leadership theoriesBehavioral leadership theories■Trait & behavioral leadership Trait & behavioral leadership

theories and contingency theories and contingency theoriestheories

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Why Leadership is Important

■For crisis situationsFor crisis situations

■For organizational For organizational performanceperformance

■For employee job satisfactionFor employee job satisfaction

■For successful managementFor successful management

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Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change

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Influence■ Is the process of a leader Is the process of a leader

communicating ideas, gaining communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support motivating followers to support and implement the ideas and implement the ideas through changethrough change

■ Is the essence of leadershipIs the essence of leadership

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Effective Leaders

■Share leadership Share leadership responsibilities through co-responsibilities through co-leadershipleadership

■Teach leadership skills to Teach leadership skills to subordinatessubordinates

■Influence followers to support Influence followers to support organizational interestsorganizational interests

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Effective Leaders

■Set objectivesSet objectives

■Influence change for Influence change for continual improvementcontinual improvement

■Can work with peopleCan work with people

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Key Elements of Leadership

LeadershiLeadershipp

InfluencInfluencee

OrganizatioOrganizationalObjectivnalObjectiv

eses

PeoplePeopleChangeChange

Leaders-Leaders-FollowersFollowers

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Managerial Roles

InterpersonalInterpersonalInterpersonalInterpersonal

InformationalInformationalInformationalInformational

DecisionalDecisionalDecisionalDecisional

1. Figurehead2. Leader3. Liaison

4. Monitor5. Disseminator6. Spokesperson

7. Entrepreneur8. Disturbance-handler9. Resource-allocator10. Negotiator

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3 Levels of Leadership Analysis

IndividualIndividual

Group

Group

Organization

Organization

alal

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Individual Level■Focuses on the individual Focuses on the individual

leader and the relationship leader and the relationship with individual followerswith individual followers

■Called the “dyadic process”Called the “dyadic process”

■Reciprocal InfluenceReciprocal Influence

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Group Level■Focuses on the individual Focuses on the individual

leader and the collective leader and the collective group of followersgroup of followers

■Called the “group process”Called the “group process”

■How leader contributes to How leader contributes to group effectivenessgroup effectiveness

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Organizational Level■Focuses on how the top Focuses on how the top

management influences management influences organizational performanceorganizational performance

■Called the “organizational Called the “organizational process”process”

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BehavioraBehaviorall

IntegrativIntegrativee

TraitTrait ContingeContingencyncy

The 4 The 4 Leadership Leadership

Theory Theory Classifications Classifications

Include:Include:

The 4 The 4 Leadership Leadership

Theory Theory Classifications Classifications

Include:Include:

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Leadership Trait TheoriesAttempt to explain Attempt to explain

distinctive distinctive characteristics characteristics accounting for accounting for

leadership leadership effectiveness to effectiveness to

identify a set of traits identify a set of traits that all successful that all successful

leaders possessleaders possess

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Behavioral Leadership Theories

Attempt to explain Attempt to explain distinctive styles distinctive styles used by effective used by effective leaders, or to define leaders, or to define the nature of their the nature of their workwork

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Contingency Leadership Theories

Attempt to Attempt to explain the explain the

appropriate appropriate

leadership styleleadership style

based on the based on the leader, leader,

followers, followers,

and situationand situation1-18

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Integrative Leadership Theories

Attempt to combine Attempt to combine the trait, behavioral, the trait, behavioral,

and contingency and contingency theories to explain theories to explain

successful, successful, influencinginfluencing

leader-follower leader-follower relationshipsrelationships

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Paradigm Has Shifted From Management to Leadership!

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Leaders vs. ManagersLeaders■ Innovate■ Develop■ Inspire■ Long-term view■ Ask “what & why”■ Originate■ Challenge status

quo■ Do the right

things

Managers■ Administer■ Maintain■ Control■ Short-term view■ Ask “how &

when”■ Imitate■ Accept status

quo■ Do things right

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