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LSM3254 Ecology of Aquatic Environments

Marine conservation andmanagement

Peter ToddDept of Biological Sciences

Global issues

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STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN REEFS

healthy reef degraded reef

Critical anthropogenic impacts

Over-exploitation Destructive Sedimentation Pollution

fishing

Vietnam x x x x

Cambodia x x

Thailand x x x

Malaysia x x x x

Singapore x x

Philippines x x x x

modified from: Talaue-McManus, 2000. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the SouthChina Sea. EAS/RCU Technical Report Series No. 14. UNEP, Bangkok.

Blast fishing (bomb fishing)

Cyanide fishing Bombing at Tioman Island

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Main impacts

Coastal geomorphology changes original habitatsreplaced or eliminated.

Nutrient levels elevated promotes growth of marineplants and algae.

Sediment reduces sunlight penetration; smothersbenthic communities.

Algal bed at Changi indication of nutrientenrichment.

Main impacts

Coastal geomorphology changes original habitatsreplaced or eliminated.

Nutrient levels elevated promotes growth of marineplants and algae.

Sediment reduces sunlight penetration; smothersbenthic communities.

Sediment mostlfrom dredging andland reclamation

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Reduced lightpenetration

Conservation efforts

Labrador Park Sun ei Buloh Wetland Reserve were bothdesignated Nature Reserves in 2002 but no offshorereserves exist.

NParks established the Biodiversity Centre in 2004.

The mandate now includes marine biodiversity (Coastal,

largely neglected before then.

The Singapore Blue Plan 2009

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REUs

The International Coastal Cleanup

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Conclusion: still a long way to go!