LTE Fundamentals

LTE FUNDAMENTALS

Introduction

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

› 30 minutes !

› LTE/EPC Architecture› LTE Rel 8-10› LTE Rel 11

Why learn about LTE Fundamentals


› Give an overview of LTE/EPC architecture & teminology

› Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface

› Give an overview of the evolution of LTE

Scope and ObjectivesObjectives

Scope

› Key LTE radio access features

› LTE in the future

› How to learn more


›LTE/EPC Architecture & Terminology

›Radio interface

›LTE in the future

›Summary

›How to learn more

AgendaLTE Fundamentals

LTE/EPC Architecture and Terminology


EPC - Evolved Packet Core

eUTRAN - Evolved UTRAN

EPS – Evolved Packet System

LTE/EPC Architecture and Terminology

LTE - Long Term Evolution

SAE - System Architecture Evolution

EPS

EPC

eUTRAN

GWMME

eNB eNB


EPC

S1S1 S1

X2 X2

eNodeBeNodeB eNodeB

LTE/EPC ArchitectureInterfaces

Radio Interface


Key LTE Radio Access Features

TX TX

Advanced antenna solutionsDiversity

Beam-forming

Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

20 MHz1.4 MHz

Spectrum flexibilityFlexible bandwidth

New and existing bands

Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

SC-FDMA

OFDMALTE radio accessDownlink: OFDM

Uplink: SC-FDMA


› Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers› Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

LTE Radio Access – DownlinkOFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

f = 15 kHz


› Pre-coded OFDM› Similar to OFDM

– 15 kHz tones BUT consecutive– Same time-domain structure

› Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

LTE Radio Access – UplinkSC-FDMA – Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)


LTE DL Physical Resources

One subframe 14 OFDM symbols

One Scheduling Block(2 Resource Blocks)180 kHz and 1 ms


› Time domain– Round-robin– Max C/I– Proportional fair

› Frequency domain– Consecutive– Random– Measurement based

SchedulingRound-robin Max C/I Proportional fair


› Time Domain (/user)– Modulation scheme– Channel coding

› Frequency Domain (/SB)– Not that common

Link Adaptation

Data Control Data Control

Channel coding

Modulation scheme

16QAM 64QAMQPSK

OFDM symbol 2bits 4bits 6bits


LTE - FDD

time

frequency

User 1User 2User 3

SC-FDMA

fDL

fUL


Subframe 1ms = 14 OFDM symbols long

Special subframe

GP

LTE - TDD

f UL,DL


Multi-Antenna TransmissionExamples

MISO (Multiple In Single Out)BeamformingTransmit diversity

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)Receive diversity

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)All above +Spatial multiplexing (MIMO)

eNodeB Terminal device

Radio channel


Radio channel


Radio channel


Multi-Antenna TransmissionLTE implementation

Time

Frequency

› One, two, or four antenna ports› Multiple time-frequency grids › Reference signals for identification


› New and existing bands› FDD and TDD› Flexible bandwidth

Spectrum Flexibility

1.4 MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks

20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks


14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe

64QAM = 6 bits per symbol

6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

LTE DL Peak Rate20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM

84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier

12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block

100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz

100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps !

BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps

…and UL no MIMO 75Mbps


› 3 UE states (5 in WCDMA)– Detached– Connected– Idle

LTE UE States

DETACHED

IDLE

CONNECTED

Power-up

Register

Inactive Traffic

De-register


› 1 area (3 in WCDMA)– Tracking area, TA

Idle Mode MobilityArea Concept

TA1

TA2

TA3TA4

TA list 1-TA1-TA2-TA3

MME


› 1 area (3 in WCDMA)– Tracking area, TA

Idle Mode MobilityArea Concept


TA1

TA2

TA3TA4

MME

TA Update

TA Updateconfirm




Connected State Mobility

Data Forwarding

MME S-GW

eNode B eNode B

LTE in the future


› LTE Advanced study in 3GPP– Start March 2008– Release 10 (2011)

› LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10

› Major enhancements– Higher peak rates– Relaying solutions

LTE in the Future – Evolution!


› Carrier aggregation

› Spectrum aggregation

› DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

LTE 3GPP Rel 10Higher peak rates

20 MHz

100 MHz total bandwidth

20 MHz20 MHz

40 MHz total bandwidth

4

8

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !


LTE 3GPP Rel 10Heterogeneous Networks and Relaying solutions

Repeater

Relay

Small cell

Macro cell


LTE 3GPP Rel 11Further Enhancements

Enhancements for Heterogeneous Deployments(Larger range expansion for co-channel)

CoMP(Co-ordinated Multipoint Transmission)

Downlink Control Channel Enhancements(To enable CoMP and control channel ICIC)

Carrier Aggregation Enhancements(New band comb., inter-band TDD w. diff. UL-DL)

Improved UE requirements(IRC receivers)

ePDCCH – FDM with data

Summary


› LTE radio access

› Advanced antenna solutions

› Spectrum flexibility

› LTE in 3GPP Release 10, 11

LTE Fundamentals

TX TX

20 MHz1.4 MHz

SC-FDMA

OFDMA

How to learn more


› LTE in Product catalog› Training courses› LTE/EPC Competence Space› LTE/EPC Business Tutorials› MWC2014 in PCAT

How To Learn More

http://prodcat.ericsson.se/default.asp?ArticleId=FF28BDD5-A40C-42BA-9527-50DE3720548F&N=27743

http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/learning/marketing_information/radio_access_network/lte_l10/catalog.pdf

https://ericoll.internal.ericsson.com/sites/LTE_Competence_Space/default.aspx

https://ericoll.internal.ericsson.com/sites/LTE_Competence_Space/Pages/Business%20Sales%20Module.aspx

http://internal.ericsson.com/events/7911/mwc-2014?unit=BUGSOEBH


LTE in Product Catalog

Link to LTE page

http://prodcat.ericsson.se/default.asp?ArticleId=FF28BDD5-A40C-42BA-9527-50DE3720548F&N=27743


Instructor lead training – Available now› LTE Evolution, Advantages in Features and Applications, LZU1087714-R1A, (2 day)› LTE/SAE System Overview, LZU1087020-R9A, (2 days)› LTE 14 Air Interface, LZU1089186-R1A (3 days) › LTE L14 Protocols and Procedures, LZU1089187-R1A, (3 days)› LTE L14 Functionality, LZU1089188-R1A, (4 days)› LTE L14 Radio Network Design, LZU1089189-R1A, (2 days)› LTE L14 eNode B Commissioning, LZU1089190-R1A, (1 day)› LTE L14 Operation, LZU1089191-R1A, (2 days)› LTE L14 Configuration, LZU1089192-R1A, (3 days)› LTE Access Transport Network Dimensioning, LZU1087712-R1A, (1 day)› KPIs in the LTE/SAE Network, LZU1087713-R1A (2 days)› LTE L14 Troubleshooting, LZU1089193-R1A, (3 days)› LTE L14 Performance Management, LZU1089194-R1A, (3 days)› LTE L14 Initial Tuning, LZU1089195-R1A, (2 days)› LTE L14 Optimization, LZU1089196R1A, (2 days)

› WEB based training› LTE/SAE in a Nutshell, LZU1087417-R1A, 1 hour› LTE/SAE System Overview, LZU1087318-R1A, 3 hours

All courses found at this link

LTE/EPC Competence SpaceLTE/EPC Business TutorialsMWC2010 in PCAT

LTE Training

http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/learning/marketing_information/radio_access_network/lte_l10/catalog.pdf

https://ericoll.internal.ericsson.com/sites/LTE_Competence_Space/default.aspx

https://ericoll.internal.ericsson.com/sites/LTE_Competence_Space/Pages/Business%20Sales%20Module.aspx

http://prodcat.ericsson.se/frontend/category.action?code=FGB%20101%20220&path=%5CNavigation%20Root%5CFGA%20101%2017

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