Lte Operations and Maintenance

For internal use2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

LTE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE JAKARTA SEPT 10th 2013 Lawrence Williams

9/11/2013 Document ID / v. 0.1 / Life cycle status / Dept. / Author

CONTENTS Introduction O&M Architecture/NetAct IOMS BTSSM LTE Configuration and SW management

2For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

SWAM (Licences) ALARM Handling Process Performance Management Troubleshooting LTE Tools SON

INTRODUCTION LTE Should Revolutionise O&M in Mobile Networks Self Organising Networks (SON) Specified in 3GPP REL 8

36.902 In Reality Early SON implementations have proved un-

Predictable (ANR) or non trivial to manage (eNB Autconfig)

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Predictable (ANR) or non trivial to manage (eNB Autconfig) SON will become more reliable and understood and More

SON Features will be released Step by Step Currently Most LTE O&M operations are using familiar apps

from 2/3G Big Changes in O&M apps will occur when Upgrade from

OSS 5.4 to NetAct 7

No Object Browser In APPLAU (Use TLUI Status or SiteBrowser) iOMS located in NetAct Rack . Responsibility of OSS Engineer? Many New Parameters and Counters particular to the technology As no RNC in middle it may be harder to trace Transmission IP

issues eTe

MAIN DIFFERENCES IN LTE O&M TASKS FROM WCDMA

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issues eTe As relatively New Technology Must be aware more device

compliance issues Licence Management ( Use of SWAM) Challenges to O&M to understand SON automated tasks eg auto

ANR ,PCI etc Most important to Maintain Voice cabability (CSFB,SRVCC) Greater Mobility Issues to Consider LTE->3G->GSM9/11/2013 Document ID / v. 0.1 / Life cycle status / Dept. / Author

OAM Architecture

From the users point of view, managing the Nokia Networks Mobile LTE/EPC network is very similar to that of Nokia WCDMA when NetAct is used.

Management system traffic to and from LTE/EPC network elements always goes through NetAct.

key tool for centralized SON

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through NetAct.

The interface between the Flexi MultiradioBase Station and NetAct (iOMS) is based on the BTSOM protocol. It carries all the necessary data and commands (for example, alarms, measurements, configuration and new software data) to control the network element behavior remotely.

iOMS in NetAct site

The LTE iOMS is a part of the NetAct concept. Although iOMS is running in its own blade unit, it can be located in the same rack as the NetActBlade System

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Blade System

iOMS SW managementiOMS EMs

iOMS SW can be installed either by Using FEWS Using USB stick

iOMS has only following EMs supported: Application Launcher (Java):

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Application Launcher (Java): FM GUI Active Sessions Parameter Tool PUTTY Also CLIs provided by FP and OMS are supported.

All other EMs are disabled (e.g. Topology Browser)

A. STATUS MONITORING B. ALARM MONITORINGC.PARAMATER OPTIMISATIOND.SW ROLLOUT/ROLLBACK

O&M TASKS

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D.SW ROLLOUT/ROLLBACKE. CONFIGURATION BACK UPF. LICENCE MANAGEMENTG.PERFORMANCE MONITORINGH.TROUBLESHOOTING

9/11/2013 Document ID / v. 0.1 / Life cycle status / Dept. / Author

BTS Site Manager Application

The content in the Task view changes according to the selection in the View bar

Task view

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Example: BTS Hardware task view consists of Equipment view(shows the BTS cabinet with units/modules and cells)and Properties view

Fault viewView bar

Equipment viewProperties view

Alarms from the eNodeB and its transport module

BTS Site Manager Fault Monitoring

Fault view shows the list of faultsFaults can be Warning Minor Major

BTS Site Manager shows the faults coming from the site

All

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Major CriticalFault descriptions available in online Help

AllActiveAlarms

Shows/Hides Fault history of current manager session

Opens Block toggling faults

Additional info about the selected faultShow Fault source in EM equipment view

BTS Site Manager Fault Monitoring

You can show faults for an alarm type or fault history

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Introduction

Trial and Rollout Activities

Provides access to multiple predefined BTS sites simultaneouslySpeed-ups and helps BTS Site management especially

In trials and rolloutsThere is no NetAct availableNew BTS Site SW version is not supported by NetAct

Uses standard BTS Site Manager interface towards BTS

BTS Site Browser

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1st Mile Core Controller/Gateway Sites

Trial and Rollout Activities

BTS O&M SW version not supported by NetAct

NetAct not in place

Deployment

Installed with BTS Site Manager BTS Site Browser is installed to BTS Site Manager installation folder

Default locationWindows: C:\Program Files\Nokia Siemens Networks\Managers\BTS Site\BTS Site Manager\Linux: opt\Nokia Siemens Networks\Managers\BTS Site\BTS Site Manager\

Can be started with BTSSiteBrowser.bat or BTSSiteBrowser.sh from BTS Site Manager installation root folder

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Define properties You have to create text file where is listed all IP addresses of BTS Sites managed by BTS Site

Browser File -> Properties

Define text file where IP addresses are listed Define installation location of BTS Site Manager, so it can be started from BTS Site Browser

You can also give address list as http address for example from OMShttps:///BtsAddressList.txt

BTS Site Browser main view

List of predefined BTS sites Information about selected site

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List of faults from successfully scanned BTS sites

Block/unblock cells. More info

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FAULT MANAGEMENT

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FAULT MANAGEMENT

Fault Management Architecture

NWI3 Interface

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NWI3 Interface

eNBs/iOMS alarmsAlarm historyActive alarms

Fault ManagementNetAct Monitor application

AlarmDetails

AlarmList

ViewExplorer

All relevantAlarmMonitoringtools within a Common Desktop. Possibility to

Alarm List Alarm History Alarm Details Warning List

Rule Editor Rule Explorer Object Explorer Managed Object List Object Search Properties

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Network View

ObjectExplorer

Possibility to launch allOSS5.1 applicationsand elementmanagers fromthe desktop

Properties

Filter Explorer Filter Editor Quick Search Network View Network View Editor Notes

Trouble Ticket List Trouble Ticket Details

Properties and Notes

Introduction to NetAct / Nagavishnu Nagaraj

FM IOMS GUI

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12011-02-03

NetAct Application (NetAct OSS5.3 CD Set 1)

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Monitoring

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All relevant Alarm Monitoring tools within a Common Desktop Possibility to launch all OSS5.x applications and element managers from the desktop

Alarm Monitoring

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Alarm Monitoring Application

Alarm

Active Alarm List

grouped by

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Details

Access to AlarmManual

grouped by Alarm class

Alarm Blinks when not

acknowledged

Alarm History

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Alarm History

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Fault Management Features

- The performance values of specific KPIs in the Flexi Multiradio BTS are supervised. The set of supervised KPIs is predefined and fixed in Flexi Multiradio BTS. It does include few (around five) important BTS related KPIs The KPI values calculated in Flexi Multiradio BTS will be compared to defined threshold

values. Overall constraints will be taken into account as e.g. sufficient traffic ongoing to be able

to evaluate the situation.

PM FM Interworking in BTS LTE166, [RL20] 2011

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Overall constraints will be taken into account as e.g. sufficient traffic ongoing to be able to evaluate the situation.

Default threshold values are pre-defined in the Flexi Multiradio BTS, but can be changed by operator They are changeable as parameters in the configuration database.

- If the KPI value does exceed a defined threshold value, an alarm will be raised.

- If the value drops under the threshold value the raised alarm will be cleared again

- If the value drops under the threshold value the raised alarm will be cleared again.

CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT

PARAMETERS

PLANS

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BACK UPS UPLOADS AUDITS

PLANS

Configurator: Application for CM

Configurator

Planning Center / 3rd party system

The major components of Configurator CM Editor

Display actual parameter values Create, modify and delete plans

CM Operations Manager Upload, download from / to the network

CM CM Operations CM

Northbound interfaces

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Radio/Core

Upload, download from / to the network Import, export via northbound interface

CM Analyzer Run consistency checks Define user-specific consistency checks

Southbound interfaces

Northbound interfaces

CM AnalyzerOperations Manager

CM Editor

Southbound interfaces

CoreRel4

WCDMASiemens GSM &WCDMA

Multi-vendorintegration

WiMAX&I-HSPA& LTE

CM*

NokiaGSM

Basic Operations

Configurator CMRegional NetActElement

Manager

Customers planning system

Export Import

launched

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NetworkOn the field

Configurator CM

UploadProvision download activate

CM events

Manager

Local operations

launched

CM Essentials - CM Editor

Editing & browsing through actual and planned configuration data

Integrated plan management For all network elements (BSC,

RNC, MSS, MGW etc.) Parameter mass modification Advanced search

DescriptionOSS5.1

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Advanced search Template management

Operator can compare between actual and planned parameters while editing

Find objects that match specified criteria with possibility to set new values only to these objects

Templates to complement planning tool data for minimizing user errors

Benefits

Data Management - CM Operations Manager

Keep Configurator up-to-date with network

Upload actual configuration Efficient plan-based management

Plan provisioning to network Import plans from Nokia Siemens

Networks or 3rd party planning

Description

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Networks or 3rd party planning environment

Export actual data and plans Compare actual with planned data

Scheduling of operations

O&M Operations Manager all operations under control

Comprehensive feedback to all operations

Benefits

CM Analyzer

Consistency checking for Planned and actual configurations Parameter values Dependencies within a network

element Dependencies between network

Description

OSS5.1

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Dependencies between network elements

Scheduled start of consistency checks Automatic corrections of inconsistencies Automated reporting that can be sent to

e-mail address Detection of planning errors including

human errors at an early stage Higher quality of network plans

Benefits

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Major functional changes between NetAct 5 and NetAct 8Monitoring as the alternative for license key management

NetAct 8: Nokia Siemens Networks

software asset monitoring via SWAM client as an alternative for license key

NetAct 8 NSN

Operator

SWAM Client

CM, PM database

NetAct License Manager

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alternative for license key management.

Supported use models: Pay as you grow Pay as you configure Pay as you use

Operator

SWAM Technical description

NetActSW feature activationparameters

NSN

Operator

Monthly reports

SWAM Client

NetAct CMDatabase

Operator configures RAN parameters as per

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Radio Network

Operator configures RAN parameters as per internal SW license investment plan

NetAct configures the Radio Network as per the input parameters

SWAM client runs the report query at pre-defined intervals and creates reports of configured/used parameters

Reports are sent to NSN and operator at pre-defined interval

Data is archived

LTE Basic SW Pre-Paid model Operator configures the number of Connected UE for each eNB (value

equal to the purchased license for BSW) The maximum number of Connected UEs per eNB for Flexi Multiradio

BTS is controlled by a configuration parameter maxNumActUE Connected UEs exceeding the configured value of the parameter are

rejected SWAM client gathers the value of this parameter for each eNB

periodically and CT uses SWAM report to ensure the adherence to the

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periodically and CT uses SWAM report to ensure the adherence to the contractual agreement

2015

10

5030

75

NetActConfigured value of Connected UEs

Dense Urban

suburban

RuraleNB

75Highest peak value allowed

At any given time 76th user will be rejected by scheduler

CU

time

LTE Basic SW Post-Paid model The maximum number of Connected UEs per eNB for Flexi Multiradio

BTS is stored by PM counter (ENB_LOAD_ACT_UE_MAX) in NetAct SWAM client gathers the value of this PM counter for each eNB

periodically and compares it to previously stored highest value If there is a positive change in the value, the delta value is reported

and CT will invoice the customer for this delta value per eNB The past highest value is replaced by the current highest value and

stored in the database for the future report comparison

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stored in the database for the future report comparison

2015

10

5030

75

NetActCounter value of Connected UEs during measurement period

Dense Urban

suburban

Rural eNB

Value 75 is stored as new Highest value to be compared for the next report

Counter Period current -1

Period current Invoicable value

Max.Connected Users 72 75 3

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

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3. LTE RL40 measurements

RNW MeasurementsLTE S1AP (M8000)

LTE Cell Load (M8001)LTE Transport Load (M8004)

LTE Power and Quality UL (M8005)LTE EPS Bearer (M8006)

LTE Radio Bearer (M8007)LTE RRC (M8008)

LTE RL40 measurements are divided into two subgroups as presented bellow:

Transmission Measurements

RNW MeasurementsLTE Inter System Handover to GSM per Neighbour Cell (M8019)

LTE Cell Availability (M8020)LTE Handover (M8021)

LTE X2AP (M8022)LTE UE and Service Differentiation (M8023)

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2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved./

LTE RRC (M8008)LTE Intra eNB Handover (M8009)

LTE Power and Quality DL (M8010)LTE Cell Resource (M8011)

LTE Cell Throughput (M8012)LTE UE State (M8013)

LTE Inter eNB Handover (M8014)LTE Neighbour cell related Handover (M8015)

LTE Inter System Handover (M8016)

LTE Inter System Handover to UTRAN per Neighbour Cell (M8017)LTE eNB Load (M8018)

Transmission MeasurementsLTE IP Statistics (M51120)

LTE PHB Statistics (M51121)LTE Ethernet Link (M51123)

LTE IP Sec (M51125)LTE IP Filtering (M51126)

LTE VLAN IP Statistics (M51127)LTE VLAN PHB Statistics (M51128)

LTE VLAN Statistics (M51129)LTE ETH_IF Statistics (M51130)

4. Pre-defined reports overview -> System Program System Program gives a general overview of network

status. With this report the user can achieve in high level how network is performing and understand if problems are occurring. This report should be used to benchmark the network.

These reports include NSN LTE RL30 benchmark KPI's, such as: Cell Availability RRC Connections Radio Bearer E-RAB Data Volumes and Throughputs HOs and mobility analysis RLC Retransmissions and HARQ

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Active Ues Quality

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4. Pre-defined reports overview -> Accessibility and Retainability

Accessibility and Retainability subset provides detailed analysis and root failure causes for problems when trying to access the network or troubleshooting of drop calls/services. These reports should be used to understand why calls are being rejected or dropped.

The subset is divided into four reports: Accessibility and Retainability Network Access - General and S1AP Network Access - Service Access and RRC

These reports include metrics for the following issues: Attach and Setup SR Initial Context Setup S1 interface Paging E-RAB access fails per cause RACH stp SR

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Network Access - Service Access and RRC Service Retainability RACH stp SR

RRC Access fails per cause ECM idle to ECM Conn transitions RRC releases per cause Data RB releases per cause E-RAB normal releases E-RAB drops per cause RB Retainability

4. Pre-defined reports overview -> Mobility

Mobility subset provides handover and mobility statistics. Decision rate, Intra eNB, Inter eNB and Neighbour HO performance are available. These reports should be used in the optimization of neighbors lists. It should also be used to analyze the performance of HO analysis for UTRAN and Network Assisted Cell Change for GSM per neighbor.

These reports include metrics for the following issues for intra and inter HO: HO Decision Rate HO SR HO attempts HO preparation SR HO Prep FR per cause

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HO Prep FR per cause HO Drop Ratio per cause HO Preparation, attempts and fails per Neighbour cell CS Fallback NACC UEs in DRX

4. Pre-defined reports overview -> Interface analysis Interface Analysis subset provides statistics of X2, IP

and Ethernet Interfaces. Metrics per VLAN and per QoS Class are also available in these reports. These reports should be used to analyze if throughputs and data volumes are the expected ones in X2, IP and Ethernet.

This Subset is divided in six reports:X2-Interface

Control Plane data (incoming/outgoing throughput and data volume) User Plane data (incoming/outgoing throughput and data volume)

IP interface traffic Incoming/Outgoing volume Incoming/Outgoing dropped congestion

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Incoming/Outgoing dropped congestionIP interface traffic and QoS classes PHB

Incoming/Outgoing data volume and throughput per QoS Class

Ethernet Interface Inbound/Outbound data volume/throughput Received Ethernet frames SR

VLAN analysis per QoS class Inbound/Outbound data volume and throughput per VLAN and per QoS class

VLAN total volume analysis Total IP data volume per VLAN

4. Pre-defined reports overview -> Modulation and Coding Scheme

Modulation and coding scheme subset provides statistics of data volumes, transmissions, share of transmissions and successful transmissions per MCS. This reports should be used to understand the quality of data volumes transmissions and DL Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) algorithm performance to improve system capacity and peak data rate.

This Subset is divided in six reports: Transmissions and Volume per Low/High MCS

PDSCH and PUSCH transmissions using low/high MCS Percentage of DL/UL traffic volume using Low/High MCS codes

Percentage of transmissions per MCS PDSCH and PUSCH

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PDSCH and PUSCH PUSCH 1ST transmission per MCS Unsuccessful Transmissions per MCS NACK MCS time division Data Volume per MCS

MAC PDU volume on PDSCH/PUSCH per MSC Share of DL/UL Traffic per MCS

4. Pre-defined reports overview -> Integrity

With Integrity subset is possible to analyze delays, congestions and encryption/decryption metrics. These reports should be used to understand delays in different protocols levels.

This Subset is divided in six reports: IP Packet integrity

ESP packets encryption SR Dropped packets due to ingress rate limiting Discarded packets due to Filtering violations

Packet delay PDCP SDU delay UL/DL (min, max and avg) DL/UL SCH TB Retransmissions and error ratio RLC PDU Retransmissions

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RLC PDU Retransmissions BLER per Modulation

QPSK, 16 QAM Gain using HARQ

Congestion per QoS classes for IP PHB IP PHB Packets to send drop rate and data volume lost due to congestion per QoS class

Congestion per QoS classes per VLAN IP VLAN PHB Packets to send drop rate and data volume lost due to congestion per QoS class

IPsec packets ESP bypassed (ingress/egress)

4. Pre-defined reports overview -> Usage

With Usage subset is possible to analyzethroughputs, resources utilization, power andnumber of active users.

With these reports, throughputs at different levelsshould be checked to see if it matches the networkconfiguration. They are also very important tounderstand the Physical Resource Blocks utilizationfor issues like network upgrades, power analysiswith downgrades/upgrades in scheduler and MIMO

This Subset is divided in seven reports: Throughput at PDCP level and per QoS class

PDCP UL/DL thp (min, max and avg) PDCP SDU THP and data volumes QCI

Physical Resource Block utilization PRB utilization UL/DL DL/UL PRB Analysis per TTI, per UE DL/UL PRB utilization level per TTI

RLC, SDU, RRC, analysis RLC SDU data volume per channel MAC SDU volume per channel

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with downgrades/upgrades in scheduler and MIMOperformance. They are also very important tounderstand the throughputs per Quality of ServiceIndicator to check the distribution of networkresources per group of users priority.

MAC SDU volume per channel RRC UL/DL Traffic volume

Power UE Power HeadRoom for PUSCH per level UE Power analysis (scheduler upgrades/downgrades) UE Delta Tx PUSCH/PUCCH per level

MIMO Open Loop Diversity/Spatial Multiplexing Mode Usage and Switches

Active users per eNB and per cell

TROUBLESHOOTING

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PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN LIVE NETWORK LAST 1.5 YEARS RL20+

RP3 ALARMS AUTO CONFIGURATION ANR CREATE TOO MANY ADJ PCI MANUAL PLANNING MISTAKES NETWORK OUTAGE CAUSED BY MME PARAMETER CHANGE NETWORK OUTAGE CAUSED BY SIG LOAD ON S1 DUE eNB MASS SW Ug

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NETWORK OUTAGE CAUSED BY SIG LOAD ON S1 DUE eNB MASS SW Ug SLEEPING CELLS (Related to RP3 Delay) CONFIGURATION CHANGE AFTER SW Upgrade UE SW Bugs THROUGHPUT ISSUES ,FRAGMENTATION FTIB LOST VOICE CAPABILITY (CSFB Issues) RACH STORMS (eNB SW Bug)

Troubleshooting guidelines Problem type according to KPI classification

Problem type according to main KPI categories:- Accessibility problems:

Service accessibility, e.g. Attach, or EPS Bearer Setup Request success rates- Reliability problems:

Once established, the reliability of the service, e.g Voip call, or EPS bearer drop rates

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drop rates- Integrity/Error rates problems:

Promised to deliver the service with a certain quality. E.g. Cell throughput, or user data rates, packet delay.

- Availability problems: Relationship between service up and down times, e.g. cell, or LTE Network

availability- Mobility problems:

Different mobility related metrics, e.g. hand-over success or drop rates, latencies.

Troubleshooting guidelines

- The above-mentioned cases it is essential to try to get at least following logs : eNB snapshot Interface traces S1-C by wireshark

- The eNB is connected to the EPC (S1 interface) by IP switches. The precondition for capturing traces on these interfaces is the availability of a mirror port on one of the switches. The tracing on these interfaces can done either using wireshark (usually for lab tests) or using commercial protocol

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either using wireshark (usually for lab tests) or using commercial protocol trace equipment (e.g. NetHawk M5, JDSU SART). If the IP traffic on these interfaces is encrypted (e.g. if IPSec is used) it is necessary to use the deciphering functionality of the protocol tracers.

Emil logs- BTS message remote tracing: BTS message remote tracing can be configured, started and

stopped. Depending is tracing covering only Control Plane or also User Plane messages, estimated 70-500 3 sector LTE BTS can be traced at the same time with one PC.

UE trace ( e.g. by using Nemo tool) UDP log file by BTSLog tool Remote TTI trace for Integrity/Error rates problems

NWS LTE RA RD eNB I&V

Fault sources

SW- eNB SW bugs

SW not working according to specifications Specifications are ambiguous or lead to faulty behaviour

- SCF parameters Suboptimal parameters, missing neighbour relations, etc.

- UE SW bugs UE is behaving against specifications or against NSN expected behaviour

- EPC SW bugs

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- EPC SW bugs MME/S-GW is behaving against specifications or against NSN expected behaviour

- Backhaul SW bugs Backhaul is dropping packets or sending with too high latency/bursts

HW- Faulty eNB units- Faulty/instable UEs

Commissioning- Wrong antenna tilting, loose cables, wrong commissioning parameters, wrong/missing synch sources

Network planning- Too large cells, gaps in geographical coverage, high interference sources, blocking buildings, high

mobility Tracing Areas, etc. Diagnostics

- Too heavy tracing or logging causes problems

eNB SW bugs

Symptoms- No eNB L3 reply for visible UE/EPC signalling- No eNB L3 messages sent when expected- Rlc Ack visible in call drop after RRC Connection Release- RLF or Errors visible in good signal conditions- Call drops without any RLF/Errors- Huge amount of Ghost Calls- Sudden drop of multiple calls at the same time

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- Sudden drop of multiple calls at the same time- Sudden drop in KPI without parameter changes- Sudden drop of KPI after new feature activation- Sleeping cells- HO rejections- RRC connections are reject- KPI drop correlation with snapshot fetching, SiteManager connectivity or other normal

maintenance actions- DSP crashes

First step troubleshooting actions- Analyze Emil/UE Traces- Set triggers and analyze from snapshot TTI Trace and SysLog for unusual behaviour

and signal conditions

SCF parameters

Symptoms- No UE reply for RRC signalling for multiple UE types- RACH preambles are missed in HOs- Poor signal quality and RLF failures or Errors indicated in certain call

phases- Errors distributed evenly in the network- PDCCH blocking visible in counters

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- Errors distributed evenly in the network- PDCCH blocking visible in counters- Timers expire- High interference visible- Sudden drop of KPI after parameter changes- Call drops correlate to active UE amount- HARQ/RLC/Preamble Retransmissions reach maximum value- Measurement reports dont initiate HO preparation- HO are started in too poor source cell signal conditions

First step troubleshooting actions- Analyze KPI, PM counter and SCF parameter content and

interrelations

Call drops

UE SW bugs

Symptoms- No UE reply for RRC signalling for one specific UE type- A lot of RLF or Error visible for one specific UE type- KPI drops after new UE type is launched in the network- KPI drops after new UE SW version is launched in the network

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- KPI drops after new UE SW version is launched in the network- UE does not reply in good signal conditions and low loaded cells- No recovery method for dongle disconnect (No Detach messages

visible) First step troubleshooting actions

- Collect UE logs if possible- Check are the UE types tested in NSN FiVe, IOT or Innovation labs

EPC SW bugs

Symptoms- No reply to S1AP messages- Sudden S1AP Failure indications to multiple eNB- S1 Error indications/Alarms to multiple eNB- Missing S1 HO command forwarding to target eNB- Delayed reply/forwarding to S1AP messages- UEContextReleaseCommand without strange cause values

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- Delayed reply/forwarding to S1AP messages- UEContextReleaseCommand without strange cause values- Duplicate/Strange MME UE S1AP ID allocations- KPI drops after new EPC SW upgrade- KPI drops after EPC parameter upgrade

First step troubleshooting actions- FTM mirror port Wireshark trace- FTM logs- EPC logs if possible - In case NSN EPC, contact NSN R&D- In case other vendor EPC, contact customer

Backhaul SW bugs

Symptoms- KPI drops after new Backhaul element type/ SW version/feature is

launched or activated in the network- KPI drops after Backhaul parameters/routing version is launched in the

network- Link breaks for a cluster of eNB (e.g. behind a specific router)- S1 Error indications/Alarms for a cluster of eNB

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- Link breaks for a cluster of eNB (e.g. behind a specific router)- S1 Error indications/Alarms for a cluster of eNB- Increased latencies in TCP level- Increased TCP re-transmissions- Congestion alarms/indications- Connectivity problems to certain IP addresses/TCP ports- Throughput can not exceed certain (low) limit

First step troubleshooting actions- FTM mirror port Wireshark trace- FTM logs- Backhaul elements logs or Wireshark traces, if possible

Faulty eNB units

Symptoms- Raw or Customer Alarms indicating faulty/missing units- Known problematic HW versions are installed in the field- KPI drops after new HW installations- KPI drops after storms, floods, earth quakes, etc. natural disasters

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- KPI drops after storms, floods, earth quakes, etc. natural disasters- Call drops located under certain cell away from cell edge- Long periods/Frequent cell unavailability- Frequent site resets

First step troubleshooting actions- Check eNB status with SiteManager- Arrange HW swap- Check that there is no systematic SW/Comissioning/HW version fault

burning HW components

Faulty UE

Symptoms- On UE type or user in same location is causing frequent call drops- Call drops follow similar pattern in same cell location and during time

of day- High interference peaks in same cell location and during time of day

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- High interference peaks in same cell location and during time of day- Bursts of call drops in one cell for short time period, without the cell

being sleeping/disabled First step troubleshooting actions

- Try to find out problematic UE type- Try to find out problematic subscription IMSI- In case thousands of call drops, contact customer and ask them to

contact owner of problematic UE owner

Commissioning

Symptoms- HO fail in target cell for specific eNBs -> frequency sync faulty or

missing- Line code violation (and high amount of ghost calls) -> problems in

RP3-01 optical fibres- Antenna line alarms - > Loose feeder cables

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- Antenna line alarms - > Loose feeder cables- No S1 connection -> Wrong IP settings- Start-up problems or alarms-> Invalid commissioning parameters or

unsupported configuration- Call drops inside certain cell area out side cell edge -> antenna tilting- High DL interference -> Wrong cell power settings or antenna tilting

First step troubleshooting actions- Check status with Site Manager- In case problems with cabling arrange site visit

Call drops

Network planning

Symptoms- There are clear holes in network coverage, when analyzed with NetAct

Optimizer (or other application, which displays cell locations)- There are clear non-line of sight locations for dense populated places- Cell under Train, boat or bus traffic are configured with basic HO parameters- eNB indicates lack of resources

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- eNB indicates lack of resources- Scheduled UEs per TTI is near maximum continuously during busy hours - Timing Advance values indicate too far distances for used carrier frequency

and fading environment (e.g. urban city with tall buildings)- Call drops in cell edge and no meas report sent- Signal levels are low in large cell areas- Frequent call drops in same location with multiple UE types- High DL interference is certain cell locations

First step troubleshooting actions- Check status with NetAct Optimizer or site plan- Contact customer for poor coverage

Call drops

Diagnostics

Symptoms- Contention resolution timer expires and some kind of tracing is active- CPU loads are high (> 80 %) despite of moderate Traffic mix - Heavy amount of prints in SysLog or short Snapshot SysLog duration- Emil trace activated during heavy CP traffic

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- Emil trace activated during heavy CP traffic- Strange R&D flags visible in swconfig.txt or in Start-up syslog prints- UP data traced/uploaded loaded continuously- Backhaul Traffic >> Air Interface traffic

First step troubleshooting actions- Turn of tracing and additional logging- Switch of R&D flags- Contact tool developers and R&D

TOOLS

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Data Collected from eNodeB for Analysis

- The eNB snapshot contains the following information: Active alarms and alarm history for this eNB Installed SW versions eNB configuration (commissioning parameters) Internal log files for different eNB components (including MAC TTI traces (10

MB))

BTS Technical Report/BTS Snapshot

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MB)) PM counter data for this eNB (starting from the last eNB reset, but max for 24

hours) - Logs are frozen by eNB when fetch command is received- Saved in .zip file when loaded- Collection of technical log is triggered by via the

BTS Site Manager protocol. When technical log is collected from the Site Manager, the term snapshot is used as a synonym.

Measurement Tools (NSN R&D Internal tools)The following measurement tools have been developed by NSN for R&D that you can also use

BTSLog BTSlog is a testing tool including functionality of:

System log recording & real-time monitoring tool Message trace and recording R&D parameters handling BTSlog is used for BTS testing and works with Windows

LTE Browser LTE Browser is used to get the real time data about the CPU load, & real time UL PHY measurement

65For internal use


LTE Browser is used to get the real time data about the CPU load, & real time UL PHY measurement data (SNR, BLER etc) memory dump information's from DSPs and static Cell specific configuration information

Emil EMIL is an offline message tracing analyzer tool. EMIL parses all the internal messages between different software components, EMIL has the capability to show all ASN.1 messages (RRC, S1 AP, X2 AP messages) Emil L3 decoding works even if IPsec is used for S1/X2

TTI Trace Analyzer Traces Cell and User specific TTI information Helps to analyze the behavior of the DL/UL Packet Scheduler . Is implemented as ring buffer which is filled up with information all the time

66For internal use


Analysing BTS message logs with Emil

After Sack and profile configuration trace file can be opened with EMIL.

67For internal use


LTE BROWSER Definition: noise rise NR = (I+N)/N, I = interference, N = thermal noise SNR0=S/N (only noise, no interference) SNR1 = S/(I+N), (noise + interference using eg external rf generator) NR = SNR0/SNR1 = (I+N)/N, assuming average signal power S is the same Example: SNR0=13dB, SNR1=8dB NR= 5dB

SNR0

Real-time online measurement from eNB

LTE Browser

68For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.LTE Test Tools / 2010 May / Jaakko Krn

SNR0

SNR1

Interference source is on

Noise rise

Interference source is off (only thermal

noise)

TTI Trace Analyzer

69For internal use


UL HARQ Support in TTI Trace

8 HARQ processes per UE

[3GPP-36.312 chapter 8] specifies the relationship of the timing between eNB and UE with the following wording: For FDD and normal HARQ operation, the UE shall upon detection of a PDCCH with DCI format 0 and/or a PHICH transmission in subframe n intended for the UE, adjust the corresponding PUSCH transmission in subframe n+4 according to the PDCCH and PHICH information.

Predefined RV sequence for successive packet transmissions

ToC

70For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.Retransmission is sent for Nack or DTX exactly after 8TTIs. This is synchronous HARQ procedure.

Unlike DL , HARQ process id not sent in UL because the UE is expected to retransmit in exactly 8 TTI. ACK/NACK is sent by eNB in exactly 4 TTIs.

Non-Adaptive HARQ retransmissions use the same MCS, the same rate matching and the same PRBs

RRM in TTI traces & related System Performance - Shomik Pathak - Nov 2011

packet transmissions

WIRESHARK

71For internal use


Traffica for eNodeB, what and how?

Traffica for eNodeB provides Real-time monitoring solution for subscribers radio interface experience

Direct interface to NSN Network element Subscribers radio interface experience

Includes detailed internal and external error causes for root cause analysis

How Traffica for eNodeB works

72For internal use


How Traffica for eNodeB works

Traffica receives data reports based on actions Users Equipment in the network. User Equipment specific report is sent in real time immediately to Traffica when the triggering

event happens. RRC/eRAB activities by User Equipment will trigger a data report to

sent to Traffica. RRC or eRAB establishment/release and related failures.

Handover and Handover attempts will trigger a data report to be sent to Traffica.

Traffica for eNodeB, use cases Real-time view to Radio events

Detect Radio failures as they occur Visibility to events, locations, failure

causes

Locations with most events or failures Monitor Number of call setups / cell

Visibility Handovers Monitor Handover events

Drive Test Minimizing Cell-ID and UE distance from eNodeB

included in the Traffica report, UE location can be specified quite well.

At handover, UE measurements from each neighbour cell (field strength) is available

Traffica can count normal and abnormal call setups and releases

73For internal use


Monitor Handover events Visibility to Handover failures and

causes

Handover locations and field strength

Location based analysis events and failures per location

abnormal call setups and releases according to each location

Fast root cause analysis via detailed internal error cause descriptions

Data Collected from eNodeB for Analysis

- Traffica receives event based reports from Trace Data Collector in real time.- Traffica analyses the data and creates KPIs based on the data and visualize in Traffica

real-time graphs.General (graph set):

RRC overview (setup failure, active failure, setup attempts, normal releases, setup failure distribution, etc) RRC service failure Details(RRC setup events, RRC setup events / establishment cause, RRC setup failure distribution /cause) RAB overview (setup failure, active failure, setup attempts, normal releases, setup failure distribution, etc) RAB service failure Details(RAB setup events, RAB setup events / establishment cause, RAB setup failure distribution /cause)

Handover Analysis (graph set)

LTE1053 Traffica for LTE

74For internal use


Handover Analysis (graph set) Incoming HO types (Incoming HO per cell, Incoming HO types, UE distance measurements, source cell RSRP, Target cell

RSRP) Outgoing HO types (outgoing HO per cell, outgoing HO types, UE distance measurements, source cell RSRP, Target cell

RSRP) Handover failures (outgoing HO failures / cell, HO failure causes, HO failure phases/cell)

Troubleshooting (graph set) RRC setup failures(RRC setup failures per cell, RRC setup failure sources /cell) RAB setup failures (RRC setup failures per cell, RRC setup failure sources /cell, UE distance at RAB setup failure) RAB active failure(RAB active failure per cell, RAB active failure sources per cell, UE distance at active failure) Handover failures (outgoing HO failures / cell, HO failure causes, HO failure phases/cell)

Triggers for receiving these reports are RRC or RAB establishment / release and failures related to those Intra-system or Intersystem handover, successful or failure includes failure cause information. The interface between the Trace Data Collector and Traffica is event reports based (TCP/IP).

NetAct Tracing for LTEIntroduction

- NetAct Trace Viewer provides the tracing functionality for LTE- The same application can be used for LTE tracing as for 2G and

3G tracing.- LTE tracing allows to monitor calls of subscribers in LTE network- Functionality aligned with Call Trace Analyzer

75For internal use


NetActTrace Viewer

eNB

eNB

MME

NetAct Tracing for LTEUse Cases

- Network Rollout and new installation Monitor calls of field engineers on-line Guide drive testing team at the problem spot on a field instead of testing just

pre- planed route Get fast reply after software and hardware upgrade about network coverage

by monitoring on-line field engineers Act promptly to corporate customer network coverage related problems Find out right problem related to case

76For internal use


Find out right problem related to case Reduce time used to network coverage related cases

- Detailed investigation of subscriber complaints- Solving problem cases related to network coverage- Features and trace content for

Site & Cluster acceptance Change acceptance Saving test results In depth analysis

Measurement Tools Terminals (Drive Testing) The following drive testing tools using a terminal are recommended:

Agilent/JDSU E6474A (Currently most cost efficient solution and supports samsung) Currently support LG Data card and partial Samsung support Support soon also Qualcom Chip set Supports up to eight frequency bands

NEMO Outdoor from Anite (No samsung support) LG LTE L-1000 and L-2000 chipset support LG G7, G13 and G17 UE support

77For internal use


PCTEL EX LTE Scanner and R&S TSMW LTE scanner supports Support soon also Nokia Modem RD-3 and QUALCOMM LTE chipsets (MDM9200 / MDM 9600)

Rhode and Schwarz (ROMES)R&SROMES4 is a test platform for mobile measurements in all modern radio networks. In combination with scanners and test mobile phones, it forms a complete system for coverage and quality-of-service (QoS) measurements.

Accuver XCAL XCAL is the drive testing solution from Accuver Supports LG and Samsung UE

https://twiki.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/bin/view/LTETechSup/WebHomeLINK FOR LTE TOOLS LINK FOR LTE TOOLS

78For internal use


LINK FOR LTE TOOLS LINK FOR LTE TOOLS

SON FOR LTE

Flexibility in logistics (eNB not site specific)

Increased network quality and perform.

Error Self-detection and mitigation

Self-HealingSelf-OptimizationSelf-Configuration

79For internal use


(eNB not site specific) Reduced site /

parameter planning Simplified installation

- less prone to errors No / min. drive-tests Faster roll-out

and perform. Parameter optimization Reduced maintenance,

site visits

mitigation Speed up maintenance Reduce outage time

SON Plug and Play Flexi BTS auto-configuration Automated Physical Cell ID assignment

Automated Neighbor Relations (ANR) Management Automated neighbor list configurations of LTE, inter-frequency

LTE, inter-system WCDMA and GSM neighbor cells Automated update of neighbor list configuration in case of GSM

CentralizedSON

Self-Configuration for LTE

80For internal use


Automated update of neighbor list configuration in case of GSM and WCDMA neighbor cells removals / additions

PRACH Management Automatic assignment of PRACH parameters by Optimizer

DistributedSON

SON Plug and Play Flexi BTS auto-connection Flexi BTS auto-configuration LTE Certification Authority and Registration Authority

Management Automated Neighbor Relations (ANR) Fully UE based

LTE, inter-system neighbor list configuration due to UE found/measured neighbor relations

Automated Neighbor Relations Management Optimization of found neighbor relations by blacklisting inefficient ones

Energy Saving Centralized management for Flexi BTS shutdown and energy saving

features Mobility Robustness Optimization

Optimizing Intra-frequency radio network HO-configuration in order to reduce too early, too late, ping pong HOs or HO to wrong cells

Service Quality Optimization

Self-Optimization for LTE

CentralizedSON

Distributed

81For internal use


Service Quality Optimization Minimization of Drive Tests

Geographical analysis of location specific performance based on call level statistics

DistributedSON

Automated Neighbor Management Support for optimization of neighbor relations

Energy Saving Intelligent Flexi BTS shutdown Enhanced power saving BTS power saving mode

Load Balancing Physical HO optimization Real-time load balancing

Minimization of Drive Tests Support for call level statistics

Cell Outage Detection Cell outage detection by KPI and alarm supervision

Cell Outage Triggered Reset Cell outage detection triggered reset of cells

Cell Outage Compensation Coverage hole compensation by antenna adjustments

CentralizedSON

Self-Healing for LTE

82For internal use


Coverage hole compensation by antenna adjustments Automatic Interface Alarm Correlation

Alarm correlation in case of problems of a central interface (X2, S1) or entity

DistributedSON

Cell Outage Detection and Triggered Reset KPI and alarm support

Cell Outage Reset Automated cell lock & unlock with escalation to reset

Cell Outage Compensation Emergency configurations to compensate neighbor cell outage

Optimizer in the core of the Self Organizing Network solution in NetAct for centralized SON

Self-Optimisation: Auto-tuning of neighbour cell lists and other key parameters based on UE and eNB measurements on network management level

Optimizer for LTE

Domain

Network ManagementOptimizer

NetActPMCM

Optimizer

CM

Effortless self-configuration and optimization on Network Layer to maximize the network performance

BACKRL40

83For internal use


on network management level Cell outage compensation Able to cope with a single vendor domain aswell as with multi-vendor access networks

Domain Manager PM

CM

Nokia Siemens

Networks

Vendor X

Physical-layer Cell ID (PCI) Management

- PCI management done in similar way than UTRAN PSC- PCIs are not unique- initial allocation of PCI values

confusion-free: all neighboring cells need to have different PCI values collision-free: no two cells must be received with same PCI

- minimum reuse distance algorithm PCI group, N(1)ID PCI offset, N(2)

ID0 1 2

0 0 1 2

84For internal use


- minimum reuse distance algorithm- optional: neighbors neighbor have different PCIs

Support for synchronized LTE networks- three additional rules to allocate PCIs

cells under one eNB shall have PCIs from the same PCI group(s) neighbor cells shall avoid same PCI modulo 30 neighbor cells shall use odd and even PCI groups evenly (approximation

of a modulo 6 rule)

Achim

0 0 1 21 3 4 52 6 7 8

165 495 496 497166 498 499 500167 501 502 503

PCI vs. eUTRAN Cell Global ID (ECGI)

eUTRAN Cell Global ID Part of System Information Block 1 in BCCH Unique Cell Identity in the with PLMN and eNB Identities Long repetition cycle of 80 ms UE does not decode this if not advised to do !!!

85For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.Achim

Physical-layer Cell ID Part of the Synchronization Sequence/Reference Symbol Limited to 504 values, not unique Short repetition cycle of 1 ms

fast, no DRX needed careful assignment needed because a UEshall never receive the same value from 2different cells -> no collisions, no confusions

Physical-layer Cell ID (PCI) Management- Need to have clear identity codes to ensure reliable

neighbour cell dependencies- Similar structure/management to UTRAN Primary

Scrambling Codes

- PCI allocation algorithms: confusion/collision free allocation

23231414

116666

412412511511

234234322322

9898

86For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.Presentation / Author / Date

confusion/collision free allocation minimum reuse distance in allocation criteria user can control the algorithm

- option to allow neighbors neighbor have different PCIs- minimum reuse distance can be defined

support for synchronized LTE networks- cells under a eNB shall have PCIs from the same PCI group(s)- 504 PCIs have been grouped into 168 groups, 3 codes in each- neighbor cells shall use odd and even PCI groups evenly

- Optimizer 3.0 assigns initial PCI values in auto-configuration process

LTE PCI Management Enhancements

- If LTE eNodeBs are deployed and managed with various processes it can happen that PCI collisions or confusions occur

When LTE Auto-configuration process is used for eNodeB roll-out PCI conflicts never happen

23231414

6666412412

511511

234234 PCI conflict/confusion analysis can be activated in Optimizer

Collision analysis for selected set of cells Collisions and confusions checked against the user defined criteria

87For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.Presentation / Author / Date

116666 234234

3223229898

Collisions and confusions checked against the user defined criteria Analysis against violations of additional constraints is run too

Forbidden PCIs (in Optimizer 3.0 CD2) Analysis results are presented in table views and on geographical map

PCI reallocation can be activated in Optimizer Resolution can be activated for the selected area Optimizer finds the collision/confusion and violation

free allocation for PCIs by minimising the amount of changes Cells with most serious PCI problems are changed first

Automated Neighbor Relations (ANR) in LTE The handset mobility relies on information given by neighbor cells and the quality of it The ANR function automates and optimizes that handover process with real-time information exchange between the parent cell (source) and receiving cell (target) The automated neighbor relations remove manual planning,

88For internal use


The steps of ANR process Neighbor cell discovery Neighbor Sites X2 transport configuration discovery X2 Connection Set-up with neighbor cell configuration update

The automated neighbor relations remove manual planning, maintenance and subsequently errors from the process

The automated detection and configuration of unknown cells and respective sites supports the self configuration of the neighbor cell information without operator involvement Automation of adjacency planning & maintenance leads to O&M cost reductions The error free ANR process simplifies and speeds up the network rollouts and

Key Benefits of ANR

89For internal use


simplifies and speeds up the network rollouts and expansions for faster time to market

Expected amount of LTE neighbor sites is 6-32

ANR support for LTE with OAM extension (LTE492)

ANR support for LTE with OAM extension (LTE492) new mechanism allowing for identification of

unknown UE-reported neighbour cells each newly activated Flexi Multiradio BTS is

provided with table that maps Physical Cell Id & DL EARFCN of adjacent cells to C-plane IP address of their parent eNBs

90For internal use


address of their parent eNBs PCI/RF/IP@ mapping tables are generated by

NetAct based on the neighbour site relations analysis and downloaded to BTS during auto-configuration procedure

based on PCI/RF/IP@ mapping table, eNB is able to determine adjacent eNBhosting unknown cells and to retrieve from it necessary (in the context of neighbour relations) configuration information

neighbour site and neighbour cell configuration information is derived via X2 connection

ANR support for LTE with OAM extension (LTE492) ANR support for LTE with OAM extension (LTE492) X2 connection setup procedure is triggered by UE

measurement reports containing PCI that is not known to eNB as a neighbour cell but is listed in PCI/RF/IP@ mapping table X2 connection establishment is not based on info

from MOC ADIPNO only as it was with LTE724 target eNB accepts incoming X2 connection setup

requests from a source eNB even if no IP-address

91For internal use


requests from a source eNB even if no IP-address of the source eNB is configured on the target site no need for configuration of IP@s at both ends of the

X2 connection as it was with LTE724 Feature benefits

automated detection and derivation of configuration information of unknown neighbour sites and cells

no need for manual pre-planning of eNB adjacencies for X2 connection setup self-configuration of the neighbour cell information without operator

involvement - reduced planning efforts

LTE 771 Optimization of neighbor relations

NetAct Optimizer supervises all registered cell relations between neighboring LTE cells if they are still valid and reliable candidates to be a handover destination

When the outcome results in an inefficient

Optimizer

ConfiguratorCM

PM

Evaluating of handover behaviour blacklisting proposed ?

92For internal use


When the outcome results in an inefficient neighbor relation, the according cell relation is blacklisted for handover

Blacklisting can be done manually by the operator as well

White listing (excluding optimization) can be permanently done manually by the operator

The changes, proposed by optimization algorithms, can be taken over automatically (without any operator intervention) or after confirmation by the operator

No HO

ANR InterRAT UTRAN / GERANAutomated configuration: NO manual work for neighbor cell relation information

RL30

Central neighbour relation establishment with NetActOptimizer

Based on geo-location: no

NetAct Optimizer

ConfiguratorCM

93For internal use

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.Feature ID(s): LTE 783 / 784

Based on geo-location: no ANR InterRat supporting UEs needed LTEGERAN

UTRAN

UTRAN

UTRAN/GERAN Domain Managers

N-itf CM

GERAN

Main MenuTechnical Details ANR Inter-RAT in details 1/8

LTE783 ANR Inter-RAT UTRAN / LTE784 ANR Inter-RAT GERAN

LTE site/cell (source of NBR) and RAT site/cell (target of NBR) must be under management of NetAct

For both (source and target), planning information must exist in NetAct Configurator database, i.e.: geo-location and antenna direction data

NetAct Optimizer uses this planning data to calculate: Distance between LTE cell and RAT cell

NetAct OptimizeOptimizerr

CM

CM

LTE Domain LTE Domain ManagersManagers CM

ConfiguratorConfigurator

Table of Contents

94For internal use


Distance between LTE cell and RAT cell Is estimated based on geo-location of LTE cells antenna (source) and geo-

location of RAT cells antenna (target) Relative main lobe directions

Is determined based on antennas directions of source and target cell Based on them (distance part and relative main lobe directions part),

priority for each adjacency is calculated. Priority gives information about usefulness of each NBR.

Also following inputs must be defined: Search distance between LTE cell and RAT candidates for excluding far away cells Minimum/maximum number of NBRs from each considered LTE cell Otherwise default values are considered

This information must be available as precondition before starting of NBR planning by LTE783/784

UTRANUTRAN

LTELTE

CMUTRAN/GERAN UTRAN/GERAN

Domain Domain ManagersManagers

source

target

GERANGERAN

target

Mobility Robustness Optimization Input/Output

PM counters HO Attempt/Success Rate RLF rateDedicated new counters (based on 3GPP Rel9 Radio Link failure indication and handover report messages on X2-interface)

Input Parameters

96For internal use


Output parameters:

and handover report messages on X2-interface) Too early HO of type 1 counts attempted failed handovers with subsequent

reestablishment Too early happening HO of type 2 counts several kinds of problems in handover

target cell quickly after a completed handover Too late HO counts missed handover attempts ending up in radio link failure

Modified values for Cell Individual Offset (CIO) (per NR pair) Time-to-trigger (A3 time to trigger) (per cell for all NR)

Recommendation to use SON

1. Consider SON expert from the beginning of roll-out procedure plan to check the advantage of SON.

2. Set-up the correct communication line between global and local.Involvement of SON expert and product line is strongly recommended to select the SON solution proper and optimized for customer network environment.

97For internal use


environment.3. Need the engineers who get end-to-end training about SON(not only

eNB SON and NetAct optimizer) because SON issues should be investigated end to end.

Thank you

98For internal use


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