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7/18/2019 Lu2 Stf1053 Biodiversity - The Complexity of Life
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LU2: THE COMPLEXITY OF LIFE
STF1054 BIODIVERSITY
7/18/2019 Lu2 Stf1053 Biodiversity - The Complexity of Life
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Evolutio o! li!"
Co#$l"% $&o'"(("( ')'l" "l"#"t( *#o+ ,i-"&"t &"("&voi&(
. ivolv"( /iolo+)
. *( +"o'"#i'*l 'o("u"'"(
7/18/2019 Lu2 Stf1053 Biodiversity - The Complexity of Life
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Evolutio o! li!" (cont.)
Di-"&"t 'o##uiti"( (to&" *, ')'l" #*t"&i*l *, ""&+),i-"&"tl) . ,iv"&(it) ,i-"&"'"( . ,i-"&"t /io+"o'"#i'*l &"(ult(
. ,i-"&"t (to&*+" o! /io#*((
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*t it #"*( to /" 3liv" Auto conservation
The main function of every living organism ismaking sure that it can continue it's existence.
Auto reproduction Any living system can reproduce or proceeds
from a reproduction.
Storage of information Each organism contains genetic information.
This appears stored in DNA, and is read andtranslated y proteins according to a universalgenetic code, !hich is common to allcreatures.
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*t it #"*( to /" 3liv"(cont.) "reathing#fermentation
Every living eing must have a metaolismthat !ill transform energy and matter takenfrom the environment into energy andcompounds that can e used y the di$erentparts of the living organism.
Staility Through the creation and control of it's o!n
internal environment, all creatures remainstale in front of the deviation of the external
!orld.
%ontrol The distinct parts of an organism contriute to
the survival of a group and, therefore, to the
conservation of it's identity.
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*t it #"*( to /" 3liv"(cont.) C*$*/l" o! t&*(!o&#i+ ""&+)
Poto()t"(i( *, &"($i&*tio Fo& o#"o(t*(i( &"+ul*tio *,
/*l*'" Fo& +&o6t Fo& &"$&o,u'tio
Li!" *, t" ("'o, l*6 o!t"&#o,)*#i'( T&*(!o&#*tio o! ""&+) l"*,( to
,i(o&,"& Li!" &"ui&"( t" #*it"*'" o! o&,"& Ho#"o(t*(i(7 +&o6t *,
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*t it #"*( to /" 3liv"(cont.) Li!" i( '*&*'t"&i8", /):
C"ll( Co##o #"t*/oli' $*t6*)( Co##o +""ti' 'o,"
Livi+ ti+( i'lu," B*'t"&i* 3l+*"
Pl*t( 3i#*l(
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T" O&i+i o! Li!" Growing evidence supports the idea that
the emergence of catalytic RNA was a crucial early step. How that RNA came into being remains unknown.
C*t*l)(t( *&" "(("ti*l !o& t" '"#i(t&)o! li!"
R93 *'t( *( * +""ti' #"(("+"&; i#o,"& '"ll(
T" C"t&*l Do+#*; o! Mo,"& Biolo+) D93 #*<"( R937 R93 #*<"( $&ot"i7
$&ot"i( *&" t" 'o##o /iolo+i'*l (ou&'"
7/18/2019 Lu2 Stf1053 Biodiversity - The Complexity of Life
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St&u'tu&" o! t" /io($"&"Hi"&*&')
Species = &"$&o,u'tiv" +&ou$&opulation = #"#/"&( o! * (i+l"
($"'i"( t*t liv" i * +iv" *&"*%ommunity = *(("#/l*+" o!
it"&*'ti+ ($"'i"( i * +iv" *&"*Ecosystem = * 'o##uit) o! *i#*l(7
$l*t(7 #i'&o/"(7 "t'7 to+"t"& 6it t"$)(i'*l "vi&o#"t t*t (u$$o&t( it
"iome = * &"+io 6it * '*&*'t"&i(ti'$l*t 'o##uit) ">+> &*i!o&"(t7,"("&t
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St&u'tu&" o! t" /io($"&"(cont.)
nteractions et!een organism andenvironment E+> &*i!o&"(t
Alteration of environments canimpact ecosystems Cut t" t&""(?
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7/18/2019 Lu2 Stf1053 Biodiversity - The Complexity of Life
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Evi&o#"t(M*) "'o()(t"#( ,"@", /) t"
"vi&o#"t
O&+*i(#( (u/,ivi," t*t "vi&o#"t
O&+*i(#( t*t (*&" */it*t( @, i'"(6iti to(" */it*t(
St&*t"+i"( *, livi+ */it(
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7/18/2019 Lu2 Stf1053 Biodiversity - The Complexity of Life
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Li+tO l*,7 $oto()t"(i( $&o'"",( Au(t
*/ov" +&ou, l"v"l
I 6*t"&7 'o##uiti"( #*) /" v"&ti'*ll)(t&*ti@",
I t" 6*t"&7 $oto()t"(i( $&o'"",( to
'o(i,"&*/l" ,"$t(7 ,"$",i+ o*t"& 'l*&it)
Su *+l"
S"* (t*t"
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Li+t (cont.)
T" ,"$t o! 6*t"& to 6i' li+t $""t&*t"(,"$",( o t" *#out *, *tu&" o!,i((olv", *, (u($",", 'o(titu"t(
O'"*i' 6*t"&( 'ot*i !"6 $*&ti'l"( *, *&"/lu"
Co*(t*l 6*t"&( 'ot*i i+ $)to$l*<to
$o$ul*tio( *, *&" +&""
E(tu*&i" 6*t"&( 'ot*i lot( o! (u($",",(",i#"t( *, loo< /&o6
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Poto()t"(i(D"$",( o t" *#out o! li+t u$ to
(*tu&*tio
D"$",( o t" 'olo& o! li+t = ot *ll$oto( *&" "uiv*l"t
Mo(t "'i"t 6it /lu" *, &", li+t7 l"*(t
"'i"t 6it +&"" li+t
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T"#$"&*tu&"
O'"* t"#$"&*tu&" v*&i"( 6itD"$tL*titu,"
T"#$"&*tu&" 'ot&ol( &*t" o! '"#i'*l
&"*'tio(Slo6"& *t lo6 t"#$"&*tu&"M"t*/oli(# i( ,"@", /) '"#i'*l
&"*'tio(
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T&o$i' R"l*tio(i$(
• E"&+) T&*(!"&
•P&i#*&) P&o,u'"&(*&" 3utot&o$( – *&v"(t (uli+t
• H"t"&ot&o$( *&"Co(u#"&( – "*t o&+*i' #*tt"&
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T" T&o$i' P)&*#i,:3 Mo,"l o! Co(u#$tio
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Foo, "/( Illu(t&*t" Co#$l"% T&o$i' R"l*tio(i$(
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E%$loit*tio "'i"')3utot&o$ = $l*t( #i'&o/"(
Poto()t"(i( o& '"#o()t"(i(
P&o,u'" o&+*i' #*tt"& !&o# io&+*i' C(ou&'"(
H"t"&ot&o$ = *''"l"&*t" '"# &"*'tio( to+*i ""&+)H"&/ivo&"( . 20
C*&ivo&"( . 0>2 ot v"&) "'i"t *t'ov"&ti+ !oo, to /io#*((
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Bio,iv"&(it)
9u#/"& o! ($"'i"(i * 'o##uit)
Div"&(it) i,i'"(Si#$(o ,iv"&(it)
G 1 = $&o$o&tio
o! ($"'i"( 32
$&o$o&tio o!($"'i"( B2 J>>K
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Bio,iv"&(it) ov"& ti#"9*tu&*l '*+"( i ,iv"&(it) ,u" to
"volutio *, "%ti'tio o! ($"'i"(
""&*l i'&"*(" i ,iv"&(it) ov"& ti#"
It"&u$t", /) "%ti'tio "v"t(
E%ti'tio i( *tu&*lOv"& 0 o! ($"'i"( t*t *v" "volv",
*&" "%ti't
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R"'"t '*+"( i/io,iv"&(it)
P&"("t ,*) "%ti'tio i( *'&o(( t" /o*&, = *-"'t(#*) +&ou$(
Ot"& "%ti'tio "v"t( *-"'t", ($"'i"( 6iti
$*&ti'ul*& +&ou$( = ot"& +&ou$( (u&viv",E%*#$l" i( N.T "%ti'tio o! ,io(*u&( #*##*l( *,$l*t( (u&viv", to &"&*,i*t"
Mo,"& "%ti'tio *((o'i*t", 6it ($&"*, o! u#*$o$ul*tio(Ov"& uti+@(i+H*/it*t ,"(t&u'tio = ,"!o&"(t*tio 'o&*l /l"*'i+
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D"!o&"(t*tio *, (oilut&i"t(Di(ti't ,i-"&"'"( i (to&*+" o! /io#*((
ut&i"t ')'li+ /"t6"" t"#$"&*t" t&o$i'*l!o&"(t(
T"#$"&*t" !o&"(t( *v" ti'<7 &i' to$(oil(Hu#u( l*)"& o! o&+*i' #*t"&i*l( o to$ o! (u/(oil
9ut&i"t( (to&", i (oil(
T&o$i'*l (oil( *&" i+l) 6"*t"&", lot( o! &*iL*t"&iti' 'l*)( ,"$l"t", i ut&i"t( Ti u#u( l*)"&
9ut&i"t( (to&", i /io#*((
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D"!o&"(t*tio *, &"'ov"&)
R*i!o&"(t( = lo(( o! &*i!o&"(t t&""( l"*,(to lo(( o! ut&i"t( '*+"( i t" 6*t"&')'l"
T"#$"&*t" !o&"(t( &"'ov"& /"'*u("ut&i"t( &"t*i", i t" (oil(
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D"!o&"(t*tio 6*t"& ')'l" 'li#*t"
Eli#i*tio o! t&o$i'*l &*i!o&"(t( ,i(&u$t(&"+io*l 6*t"& ')'l"Mii#i8"( "v*$ot&*($i&*tio (ou&'" o! H2O to
*t#
D"'&"*("( (oil #oi(tu&" *, i'&"*("( &uo-
I'&"*("( "&o(io &*t"(
""&*l 'i&'ul*tio #o,"l( to $&",i't9"t t"#$"&*tu&" i'&"*("
D"'&"*(" i (oil #oi(tu&"
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The water cycle
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Bio,iv"&(it) *, ,"!o&"(t*tio it&o$i'*l *&"*(
H*l! o! t" livi+ ($"'i"( *&" !ou, i &*i!o&"(t(
Fo&"(t $l*t( *v" #",i'*l v*lu" T&"*t#"t o! ,i("*("(
Fo&"(t $l*t( *v" *+&i'ultu&*l v*lu"9"", +""ti' ,iv"&(it) !o& lo+.t"&# "*lt9"", v*&i"t) to li#it vul"&*/ilit) to ,i("*("( *, $"(t(Mo,"& *+&i'ultu&*l $&*'ti'"( li#it ,iv"&(iti"(
C"t"&( o! +""ti' ,iv"&(it) !o& '&o$( 'o#" !&o# *&"*(t&"*t"", /) ,"v"lo$#"t7 $o$ul*tio $&"((u&"(7,"!o&"(t*tio
S"", /*<(
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Bio,iv"&(it) *, "'o()(t"# (t*/ilit)
R"l*tio(i$ i( 'o#$l"%I (o#" ("tti+( "vi&o#"t*l (t*/ilit) l"*,( to
i+ ,iv"&(it)
I ot"&(7 i+ ,iv"&(it) i( tou+t to &"(ult !&o#
,i(tu&/*'"( o! it"&#",i*t" !&"u"') *,it"(it)
Ho6 ,o"( lo(( o! /io,iv"&(it) i#$*'t
"'o()(t"#?R"#ov" "ou+ ($"'i"( *, "'o()(t"# 'oll*$("(
S)(t"# #*it*i", /) * !"6 <")(to" ($"'i"(
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C*u("( o! ,"!o&"(t*tio
So'i*l7 $oliti'*l7 *, "'oo#i' ,&iv"&(
E'oo#i' *&+u#"t( = $"o$l" *,'out&i"( "", *&, 'u&&"') 9"$*lMotiv*tio ot to
o 6ill /"*& t" 'o(t( o! ot "%$loiti+&"(ou&'"(?
E*&t 6ill &"'ov"&7 6ill u#*( (u&viv"?
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T" El"#"t( o! Li!"
I *,,itio to ""&+)7 li!" &"ui&"('"&t*i #*t"&i*l (u/(t*'"(
3ll o&+*i(#( &"ui&" 2Q /*(i' "l"#"t(
3v*il*/ilit) o! t"(" "l"#"t( '* li#it+&o6t *, (u&viv*l
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T" C*&/o C)'l" 3 /*(i' /uil,i+ /lo'< o! li!"
L*&+"(t o! *ll /io+"o'"#i'*l ')'l"(
3v*il*/ilit) &*&"l) li#it( #*&i" $&o,u'tivit)
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T" 9it&o+" C)'l"
9 i( * '&iti'*l 'o#$o"t o! $&ot"i(7u'l"i' *'i,( *, $i+#"t( ">+>'lo&o$)ll
T&*,itio*ll) vi"6", *( t" #o(t li#iti+ut&i"t i t" ("*
Li"/i+;( L*6 o! t" Mii#u# = &o6t i( li#it", 9OT BY THE TOT3LRESOURCES 3V3IL3BLE /ut /) t" (i+l"&"(ou&'" i (o&t"(t (u$$l)7
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T" 9it&o+" C)'l"
F&"" 92 'o#$&i("( 0 o! t"
*t#o($"&"
9ot +""&*ll) /iolo+i'*ll) *v*il*/l" Biolo+i'*l *v*il*/ilit) &"ui&"( FIX3TIO9
Mo(t o! t" *t&o$o+"i'*ll) @%", 9ulti#*t"l) 6i,( u$ i ou& &iv"&(7 "(tu*&i"(
'o*(t*l 6*t"&( 6"&" it $&o#ot"(H3RMFUL 3L3L BLOOMS
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