© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Automatic Transmission Fluids
08-27-03 AT100-001
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Automatic Transmission Fluids Agenda
• Function and Formulation of ATF• AT Market Drivers• AT Designs• North American OEM Updates• Summary
08-12-08 ATTemp-009
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
MechanicsAutomatic Transmission Technology
AT101-041
or torque converter
Driveline image courtesy of www.HowStuffWorks.com
10-30-08
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
MechanicsAutomatic Transmission Technology
AT101-04202-10-09
Automatic Transmission Components and How they Work
Reproduced by kind permission of ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Torque Converter
Hydraulic System
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Function of ATF
AT102-00310-30-08
ATF Performance
-ANTI-SHUDDER-OXIDATIVE STABILITY-COMPONENT COMPATIBILITY
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Formulation of an ATF
05-21-07 AT103-014
Base Fluid
VM
PerformanceAdditive
Higher severityNo Group I base oils allowed!Group II, II+ and III base oilsPredominately Group II+ & III
Shear stability
Next generation performanceShudder resistant
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Formulation of an ATFTypical Automatic Transmission Fluid
08-12-08 AT103-002
Component % Volume Trend
Additive package
Friction modifiers
Oxidation inhibitors
Detergents/dispersants
Corrosion inhibitors
Anti-wear
Seal swell agents
Anti-foam
10-12 %
Friction Durability/ Shudder Resistance
Sludge Resistance
Oxidation Resistance/Friction
Shudder Resistance
Decreased Gear Wear
Better Seal Compatibility
Viscosity modifier 3 – 8 % Very Shear Stable
Base oil 80 – 90% Group II & III base oils; Better Low Temp
Red dye 250 PPM Red Dye
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Formulation of an ATFLubrizol Friction Modifier Systems
AT103-016
Type Low Static Friction
(Traditional)
High Static Friction
(LZ Generation III)
Properties: Low static μ Higher surface saturation
More thermally stable
Advantages: Controls green friction Friction durability
Excellent anti-shudder
Excellent torque capacity
Simplistic Structure:
02-10-09
Two-tail structure saturates surface; leads to higher static friction
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Formulation of an ATFDialing in the Correct Friction Performance
AT103-01702-10-09
FM 3
FM 1A FM 1
FM 4
FM 6
FM
2
Det
erge
nt
Medium Static Friction & Stability
High Static DurabilityHigh Static
Friction
Anti-shudder Durability
Low StaticDurability
Low Static & TorqueConverter Shudder
FrictionStability
LOW µ
HIGH µ
FM 5
Running in & Shift Quality
Mixtures of high μ and low μ are customized for a variety of friction materials.
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
ATF Market Trends
02-28-03 AT116--001
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATFMarket Drivers
05-21-07 AT116-042
• Fuel economy • Transmission requirements becoming
more demanding− Increased driver comfort & reliability
• Reduced maintenance costs− Fill for life fluids
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATFCAFE Cost to OEM
08-12-08 AT116-043
• Heightened pressure to increase light-duty CAFE− CAFE is sales –weighted average
fuel economy rating− 27.5 mpg for passenger car *− 22.2 mpg for light duty trucks *
• Each 0.1 mpg over CAFE limit carries $5.50 fine per vehicle
1.0 mpg…..$55 per vehicle *
* www.nhtsa.dot.gov
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATFFuel Economy Contribution of AT
• Design a more efficient transmission− Lighter− More aggressive lock-up (ECCC)− Utilize a lower viscosity fluid
• Operates at its most efficient gear ratios− 6 & 7 Speed transmission− CVT or IVT− AMT− DCT
10-30-08 AT116-044
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATFLow Viscosity Fluids
• Typical ATF− 7.0 – 7.5 cSt @ 100° C
• Low viscosity ATF− 5.5 – 6.0 cSt @ 100° C
• Theoretical Gain = 0.1 mpg• Small change for driver, but significant for CAFE
08-12-08 AT116-045
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Automatic Transmission Fluids Two Main Product Types
05-21-07 ATTemp-017
Standard Viscosity (>6.8 cSt)
− Chrysler ATF+4− Ford Mercon V− Toyota T-IV− Honda Z-1− Nissan Matic-J
Low Viscosity (5.5 – 6.5 cSt)
− MB NAG-2− Ford Mercon SP− Ford LV− GM Dexron-VI− Toyota WS
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATF Automatic Transmission Designs are ChangingMarket Driver – Reduced Emissions and Improved Fuel Economy
09-28-05 AT116-020
20026-Speed
Conventional Automatic
Transmission (AT)
Mid 1990’sBelt Drive
Continuously Variable Transmission
(CVT)
1948 - Present Conventional or
Stepped Transmission
(AT)
2004Dual Clutch
Transmission(DCT)
• Conventional Stepped Automatics− Lock-up AT − More available speeds (6 & 7 Speed)
• Continuously Variable Transmissions• Automated Manuals
− Dual Clutch
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
75
80
85
90
95
100
% E
ffic
ien
cy
Market Trends of ATF Transmission Designs Efficiencies
04-08-05 AT116-030
Improving Fuel Economy
AI-May 2002AEI-May 2002
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Driveline Hardware, Fluid and Market Driver Overview
Estimated Global Market Share (%) for Transmission Types
Overview of Driveline Components
Transmission Type
2005 2010 2015 Geographic Region
MT 50 47 43Europe, China,
India
AT 46 41 37North America
Japan and Korea
CVT < 1 6 7 Asia Pacific
DCT <1 4 10 Europe
AMT 2 2 3 Europe
02-10-09 AT116-060
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Formulation of an ATFUnique Automatic Transmission Fluid
02-10-09 AT103-002
Component ATF CVT (versus ATF) DCT (versus ATF)
Friction modifiers
Anti-wear
Oxidation inhibitors
Detergent/dispersants
Corrosion inhibitors
Seal swell agents
Anti-foam
Paper on steel
Steel-on-steel (Paper on steel)
EP/AW similar to MTF
Similar to ATF
Need improved anti-foam
Paper on steel but very strong anti-shudder performance for
wet start clutch
EP/AW similar to MTF (synchronizers, more bearings
than ATF)
Viscosity modifier Very high shear stability More shear stable than ATF
Red dye Not included in CVTF Not usually included in DCTF
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
ATF Specification Update
02-10-09 ATTemp-027
SF and OEM FF
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Automatic Transmission Fluids Specification Timeline
10-30-08 ATTemp-028
1957TASA
Type A/B
1960 1970
Type F/G
1967DEXRON
1973DEXRON-IID
1980 2000
1987MERCON
1992Revised
MERCON
1990DEXRON-IIE
1993DEXRON-IIIF
General Motors
Ford1995
MERCON-V
20101950
1997DEXRON-IIIG
1995DEXRON-IV
(never formally released)
2005DEXRON-VI
2003DEXRON-IIIH
2005MERCON-C
2004Upgraded MERCON & MERCON-
VReleased MERCON-SP
2007MERCON LV
1990
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
General Motors ATF Specifications
Factory Fill (FF) since 2006• DEXRON VI• Low viscosity fluid (6.0 cSt)• Improved low temp
performance, shear, and friction stability
Service Fill (SF)• DEXRON VI
• Obsolete SF Specs− Dex II (sold in Europe and Latin
America)− Dex IIIG (Dec 2006)− Dex IIIH (Dec 2007)
AT110-05308-13-08
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Ford Motor ATF Specifications
AT112-03802-10-09
Factory Fill (FF) since 2007• MERCON LV
− Low viscosity fluid (6.0 cSt)− Improved low temp
performance, shear and friction stability
Service Fill (SF)• MERCON LV (FWD)• MERCON V
− Each additive supplier allowed single DI
− Lubrizol 9680 series• MERCON SP
− RWD 5 and 6 speed
• Obsolete SF Specs− MERCON (July 1, 2007)
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Chrysler ATF Specifications
10-30-08 AT115-022
Factory Fill (FF) since 2003• ATF+4
Service Fill (SF)• MOPAR ATF+4
− Lubrizol 3300A− All major oil marketers
• Certification through program testing
• Obsolete SF specs− ATF+3 (2006)
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Asia-Pacific OEM Highlights
Toyota
ATF: T-IV (4/5 speed ATs, 7 cSt)
WS (6 speed ATs, 5.5 cSt)
CVTF: TC
Honda
ATF: Z-1 (7 cSt)
CVTF: HMMF
NissanATF: Matic J (7 cSt)
CVTF: NS-2
DCTF: new
HyundaiATF: SP-III (7 cSt)
CVTF: coming
MistubishiATF: SP-III (7 cSt)
CVTF: SP-III
08-13-08 AT122-033
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
European OEM Highlights
Volkswagen-Audi Group (VAG)
ATF: LT71141 (5-speed ZF, 7 cSt)
1375.4 (6-speed ZF, 6.5 cSt)
DCTF: Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG)
DaimlerBenz
ATF: NAG-2 V-sport (6.5 cSt)
BMWATF: 1375.4 (6-speed ZF, 6.5 cSt)
DCTF: Getrag transmission
08-13-08 AT122-034
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Lubrizol SF ATFs
02-10-09 AT124-047
Dex IID Dex III MerconOld
Merc VCcurrent Merc V
ZF/Voith /MAN
JASO
Zone 1
9636G
9678
9680
9684
Zone 2
7907
9679
Zone 4
1067
9636G
9678
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATFSummary of Global ATF Trends
08-12-08 AT116-053
• Improved fuel economy and reduced emissions are driving transmissions trends toward higher efficiency transmission options− Asia Pacific region: CVT − Europe: AMT/DCT− North America: 6-Speed AT
• The most recent transmission requirements suggest that specialized fluids will be required in the future− Lower viscosity, higher shear stability, and improved
anti-wear performance− Better low temperature properties− Increased oxidation performance− Extended anti-shudder durability
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
Market Trends of ATFSummary of Global ATF Trends
08-12-08 AT116-057
• Transmission applications are changing with consumer demand
• Expect the proliferation of ATFs to continue well into the future as fluids are tailored to the specific transmission design to enable maximum gains in system performance
• Many OEM’s moving toward “genuine fluid” approach
• Oil marketers looking for simplified product lines to meet a range of AT applications. Lubrizol will provide our customers with a range of products to meet their increasingly rigorous requirements.
© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation