Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
1
TH
EM
EA
SU
RE
ME
NT
OF
TH
ELU
MIN
OS
ITY
AT
TH
ELH
C
M.P
laci
di/C
ER
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inos
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erat
ions
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ract
ionR
ate
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ecto
rs
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emen
tatio
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etec
tors
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
2
The
LHC
inth
eLE
Ptu
nnel
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
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the
LHC
3
The
LHC
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ract
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Reg
ions
LHC
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wo
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rate
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gsan
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our
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ram
eter
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tics
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ore
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mis
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lsfo
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com
mis
sion
ing
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inom
eter
s)
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
4
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atio
ns
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inos
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sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
5
The
norm
aliz
edim
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para
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er
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llisi
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ngra
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oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
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LHC
6
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sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
7
IRD
Task
s
Bea
mfin
ding
proc
edur
esan
dov
erla
pop
timiz
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n
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tics
tuni
ng
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nces
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xper
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men
ts
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
8
Req
uire
men
ts
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ativ
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min
osity
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timiz
ean
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aint
ain
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sion
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atio
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sion
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cac
cura
cyat
nom
inal
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s)
lum
inos
ity
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
9
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Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
10
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inos
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rios
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form
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Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
11
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tatio
n
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posa
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bers
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olla
bora
tion)
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
12
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lisio
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ted
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ing:
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ns)
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lisio
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acin
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75m
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ions
)
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
13
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rgy
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omIP
neut
rons
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itudi
nal s
how
er fr
om IP
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tron
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om IP
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cm]
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Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
14
Ene
rgy
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ositi
onat
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mul
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p-p
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sion
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ourt
esy:
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NA
L).
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ticle
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eV]
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Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
15
Neu
tron
rate
s
No.
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ract
ions
per
bunc
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:
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tron
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Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
16
Sho
wer
deve
lopm
enta
tCdT
ede
pth
inT
AN
All-
char
ged
dist
ribut
ion
vs. X
(cm
)
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ries
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n
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2
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n
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02
4
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
17
Sho
wer
deve
lopm
enta
tIC
dept
hin
TA
N
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char
ged
dist
ribut
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ries
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n
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Mea
n
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LLC
HA
N
2
76
5381
2.0
65
0.8
860
119
2.
Z=
22.0
cm
En=
2 T
eV
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ng=
150
urad
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
18
Pro
toty
peD
etec
torT
ests
Sim
ulat
eE
lect
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agne
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how
ers
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ated
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ular
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form
ance
toD
esig
n
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pare
sign
alam
plitu
des
with
MA
RS
pred
ictio
ns
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002
Lum
inos
ityat
the
LHC
19
Out
look
/CdT
e
CdT
efa
stsi
gnal
resp
onse
mat
ches
40M
Hz
data
acqu
isiti
on
Sen
sitiv
ityab
ove
100
elec
trons
per
mic
ron/
MIP
allo
ws
sim
ple
desi
gn
Irra
diat
ion
test
sup
ton/
cmno
sign
ifica
ntm
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catio
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carr
ier
lifet
ime
obse
rved
Per
form
ance
test
safte
rirr
adia
tion
upto
n/cm
are
onth
ew
ay
Dar
kcu
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ttem
pera
ture
depe
nden
cedo
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gnal
char
acte
ristic
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assi
mo
Pla
cidi
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a2U
nive
rsity
,Dec
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2
Lum
inos
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the
LHC
20
Out
look
/Ion
isat
ion
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mbe
r
Sig
nala
ndno
ise
requ
irem
ents
have
been
met
40M
Hz
band
wid
thfo
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nch-
by-b
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lum
im
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ent
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sat
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h
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dag
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ithM
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how
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gnal
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itude
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ax.p
ositi
on
Per
form
ance
vs.g
aspr
essu
reas
expe
cted
/pri
vate
/TA
LKS
/LH
CLU
MI/L
umiM
eas.
ps
Mas
sim
oP
laci
diR
oma2
Uni
vers
ity,D
ec.2
002