Lydia Ayers
Instruments• Xiao: end-blown notched
bamboo flute with five frontal finger holes
• Paixiao: 11 to 22 stopped tubes
paixiao
Instruments
• Xun: clay or porcelain vessel flute and one of the oldest Chinese instruments (at least 6,700 years old)
• Koudi: a small, flute-like whistle, frequently used to make flamboyant bird-like sounds
Di / Dizi
Di / Dizi• Wrinkled membrane over
one hole produces bright timbre
Di / Dizi
• Each dizi in one major key
Di / Dizi Fingerings• Straightforward for pitches in the
major scale
• Other pitches require half hole fingerings, which are especially difficult on small flutes
Fingering for #5
Chinese Cipher Notation• 1 = D, sounds 8va
• The Key and Time SignaturesThe Key and Time Signatures
Lu Chun Ling:Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Song) Huang Le Ge (Happy Song)
Chinese NotationChinese Notation
TranscriptionTranscription
Example 1: Grace Notes in Measures 8-9Example 1: Grace Notes in Measures 8-9
tonictonicdaiyindaiyinescapeescape
notenotegracegracenotenote
Musical Examples• Red crane bone flute: Xiao Bai Cai
(Little Cabbage) http://www.pubaf.bnl.gov/pr/bnlpr092299.html
• Paixiao: Qian Zhaoxi: Feng Xia Kong (Descending Phoenix)
• Xiao: Zhuang Tai Qiu Si (Autumn Reflection at the Dressing Table) excerpt performed on dizi by Yu Xun-Fa, accompanied by zheng
• Xiao: Zhuang Tai Qiu Si (Autumn Reflection at the Dressing Table) excerpt performed on dizi by Chan Hung-Yan, accompanied by zheng
Musical Examples
• Dizi in D: Lu Chun Ling:Dizi in D: Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Huang Le Ge (Happy Song)Song)– Glad TidingsGlad Tidings Version Version– Art of Lu Chun-LingArt of Lu Chun-Ling Version Version– Chan Chun-Nin’s Version (personal Chan Chun-Nin’s Version (personal
recording)recording)– Magic Flutist Lu Chun-LingMagic Flutist Lu Chun-Ling Version Version
• Xun: Liu Hongjun: Xianren aisi (Dreaming of Ancestors)
Musical Examples
• Koudi: Koudi: Bai Chengren: Miao Ling Di Zao Chen (Morning in Miao Mountain)
• Dizi in F: Li Da Tong: Pa Mi Er Di ChunTian (Spring in the Pamirs)