Lymphatic System

I. Composition of Lymphatic System

II. Functions of Lymphatic System

III. Lymphatic Conducting Vessels

IV. Lymphatic Organs

Guo Ling,MD,PhD

Department of Anatomy

1) Lymph conducting vessels

2)Lymphatic organs

3) lymphoid tissue

I. Lymphatic System

1.Composition

2. Functions

1) Serving as an accessory system for return of fluid from the narrow space between tissues to the heart.

2) Producing lymphocytes & then participating in the immune responses.

I. Lymph Conducting Vessels

lymphatic capillaries

lymphatic vessels

lymphatic trunks

lymphatic ducts

Changes from small diameter tolarge one

Lymphatic Trunks ( 9 in number

Right & Left jugular trunks

Right & Left subclavian trunks

Right & Left bronchomediastinal trunks

Right & Left lumbar trunks

Intestinal trunk

Thoracic Duct 1) Origin: cisterna chyli 2) End: L.venous angle3) Drainage:6 trunks

4) Route:

→aortic opening→

posterior mediastinum

(→ right side→left

side)→left venous angle

cisterna chyli

Right Lymphatic Duct

1) Drainage

3 lymphatic trunks(collecting lymph from right and superior quarter of body)

2) End right venous angle

lymph nodes

thymus

tonsil

spleen

lymphatic tissue in digestive & respiratory tracts

II. Lymphatic Organs

Lymph Nodes (LNs)

1.  Distribution principles of lymph nodes

① lying in the roots of the head, neck and extremities as well as in the organ hilums and mesenterium

② arranged along blood vessels & nerves

③ aggregating into groups

2. Main Lymph Nodes in Body

1) Superficial cervical nodes

2). Deep cervical lymph nodes

(Reviewing the veins in neck)

LNs in Head & Neck

Outline of Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck

Superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes

1) Position: arranged along internal jugular V

a. superior deep cervical lymph nodes ( jugulodigastric LN or angular LN )

2) Two groups divided by omohyoid muscle

Deep Lateral Cervical Lymph Nodes

b. inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Supraclavicular LN

(Virchow LN

lying in the

left venous angle)

LNs in Upper Limbs

1. Anterior group

2. Lateral group

3. Dorsal group

4. Central group

5. Apical group

Axillary LNs

LNs in Thorax

1.Anterior mediastinal LNs

2. Posterior mediastinal LNs

3. LNs in trachea,

bronchi & lungs :

1) Paratracheal LNs

2) Sup. tracheobronchial LNs

3) Inf. tracheobronchial LNs

4) Bronchopulmonary LNs

5) Pulmonary LNs

胰的淋巴管和淋巴结

1.Celiac LNs2.R & L gastric LNs3.R & L gastroepiploic LNs4.Pyloric LNs5.Hepatic LNs 6.Pancreaticosplenic LNs

LNs in Abdomen (I)

LNs in Abdomen (II)

Super. mesenteric LNs

Infer. mesenteric LNs

Lumbar LNs

Common iliac LNs

External iliac LNs

Internal iliac LNs

LNs in Abdomen (III)

LNs in Lower Limbs

1.Inguinal LNs

1) Superficial LNs

(T--- shaped)

Upper group

Lower group

2) Profound LNs

2. Popliteal LNs

Thymus

3) Structure replaced by adipose tissue after sex maturation

2) Morphology

two lobes

A. gernerating T cellsB. secreting hormone( lymphopoietin)

4) Functions

in anterior part of superior mediastinum

1) Location

Tonsils

1)  Location in the openings of digestive, respiratory & auditory tubes.

2) Composition Pharyngeal tonsil Tubal tonsil Palatine tonsil

lingual tonsil

(Tonsillar ring)

Spleen 1) Location: in the left hypochondriae region

of the abdomen, its long axis matching the course of the 10th rib

1) Two surfaces: visceral surface , hilum of spleen

2) Two borders: superior border, notches 3) Two extremities: anterior extremities

(2) Morphology

(3) Functions

A. processing aged RBC B. storing blood

C. generating lymph cells (T & B cells ) D. partaking in immune responses