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Lync & the Enterprise Network
Bryan NyceUC Voice Architect, MCS Voice Center of ExcellenceMicrosoft Corporation
EXL317
Objective
In scope: • Quality of Experience (QoE)• Bandwidth• Codecs• Forward Error Correction (FEC)• Bandwidth Estimation• Call Admission Control (CAC)• Differentiated Services Code Point
(DSCP) Out of Scope: Everything Else
Better understand Lync™ 2010 and the Enterprise Network
• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
• Virtual LANs (VLANs)• Monitoring• Partners• OSI• Resiliency
Bryan Nyce
Bryan NyceSouthern California, USWorking on IM/LCS/OCS/Lync since Exchange 2000MCS Voice Center of Excellence (CoE)
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
Layer Definition
Seven
Six
Five
Four
Three
Two
One Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application ….a way of sub-dividing a communications system into smaller parts called layers.
A layer is a collection of similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it.
On each layer, an instance provides services to the instances at the layer above and requests service from the layer below.
- Wikipedia
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical Bandwidth
Anatomy of a UC Audio Session
1 2 3 4 5
1 42 53
SRTP / RTCP
SIP
Perfect Network
Anatomy of a UC Audio Session
2 3 4 53 4
Forward Error
Correction
5 6
12
3
4
2
3
45
1 42 5
1 2 4 5
1 2 3 4 5Poor
Network
SRTP / RTCP
SIP
Bandwidth
Media Endpoints detect & manage distribution of available BWPrioritize Audio first and distribute remaining bandwidth to Application Sharing, Video, and File TransferChoose best quality Audio codec, video resolution/frame rate for available BWAdapt to network & change codecs to optimize experience during a session
Bandwidth requirements determined byCodec choice: Microsoft RT-Audio & RT-Video, G.711, G.722, etc.Network performance: Using FEC for redundant audio encodingChannel Activity: Voice activity and video content
demo
Lync 2010 – Bad Network
Bandwidth - Audio
Codec Scenario PayloadPayload and
IP header
Payload, IP header, and
UDP, RTP and SRTP
All that plus Forward Error Correction
(FEC)
RTA-WB Peer-to-peer 29.0 45.0 57.0 86.0
RTA-NBPeer-to-peer, PSTN 11.8 27.8 39.8 51.6
G.711 PSTN 64.0 80.0 92.0 156.0
G.722 Conferencing 64.0 80.0 95.6 159.6
SIREN Conferencing 16.0 32.0 47.6 63.6
These are raw audio codec bandwidth numbers – not for planning!All numbers in Kbps. Based on 20ms ptime. Siren & G.722 include SRTP overheard from conferencing scenarios.
Bandwidth - Video
RT Video Codec Resolution
Minimum payload (kbps)
Maximum payload (kbps)
Main Video CIF 50 250
Main Video VGA 350 600
Main Video HD 800 1500
Panoramic Video 50 350
Raw video codec bandwidth numbers – not for planning!FEC built into the payload bitrate Maximum payload is the best possible frame rate & quality.Minimum is approximately 1 video frame per second. All numbers in Kbps. Based on 20ms ptime.
Bandwidth - PlanningMedi
a Modality Codec Typical BW
Max w/o FEC
Max w/FEC
Audio Peer to Peer RTA-W 39.8 62 91Audio Peer to Peer RTA-N 29.3 44.8 56.6
Audio PSTN RTA-N 30.9 44.8 56.6
Audio PSTN G.711 64.8 97 161
AudioConferencing G.722 46.1 100.6 164.6
AudioConferencing Siren 25.5 52.6 68.6
Video Peer to Peer RTV - CIF 220 260Video Peer to Peer RTV - VGA 508 610Video Peer to Peer RTV - HD 1210 1510Video Peer to Peer RTV - Pano 269 360
VideoConferencing RTV - CIF 220 260
VideoConferencing RTV - VGA 508 610
VideoConferencing RTV - Pano 269 360
One-way traffic including media, typical activity, RTCP.
For planning in a well managed, right-sized network, use Max BW w/o FEC.
If the network will be constrained and you want to preserve quality, use Max BW with FEC.
When understanding how much bandwidth at any given time is being used, use the Typical BW numbers. Not for planning, as usage will be greater at times.
Bandwidth - Application SharingApplication sharing bandwidth consumption dependent on session content and screen resolutionTCP based sessions with built-in congestion controlTraffic is bursty in natureEnd user policy limits to cap spikes
Modality Average bandwidth Maximum bandwidth
Application sharing using Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
434 Kbps sent per sharer 938 Kbps sent per sharer
Application sharing using Compatibility Conferencing service
713 Kbps sent per sharer552 Kbps received per viewer
566 Kbps sent per sharer730 Kbps received per sharer
19:21.149:21.119:21.149:21.109:51.129:21.159:21.129:21.159:21.10
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000 Kilobits/sec sent by Sharer
Audio/Video Bandwidth ControlsEnd User maximum allowed bandwidth per modality
Applied whether or not bandwidth is availableConfigured via in-band provisioning at sign-in
Parameter Default in Kb PowerShell Command
Audio Bit Rate 200 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (AudioBitRateKb parameter)
Video Bit Rate 50,000 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (VideoBitRateKb parameter)
App Sharing Bit Rate
50,000 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (AppSharingBitRate parameter)
File Transfer Bit Rate
50,000 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (FileTransferBitRate parameter)Parameter Default
ValuePowerShell Command
MaxVideoConferenceResolution{CIF. 352 x 288 or VGA 640 x 480}
VGA Set-CsConferencingPolicy (MaxVideoConferenceResolution <CIF | VGA>)
Parameter Default Value
PowerShell Command
MaxVideoRateAllowed
VGA Set-CsMediaConfiguration (MaxVideoRateAllowed <CIF250K, | VGA600K | Hd720p15M >)
Client
AVMCU
Legacy
demo
Lync 2010 Bandwidth Planning Tool
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical Bandwidth
LLDP & VLANs
LLDP & VLANsLLDP-MED – Link Layer Discovery Protocol for Media Endpoint Devices
Delivers Location information (switch and port) & VLAN ID to IP phonesLookup in Location Information Server for Location (used for E.911)Network switch must support IEEE 802.1AB and ANSI/TIA-1057
VLANs Great for address space management when deploying large number of phonesCan use DHCP (from Corp server or Lync Registrar) if LLDP is not available
Two technologies that are for the IP phones onlyNo native Windows driver for LLDPVLANs have _all_ traffic go onto the network
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link LLDP & VLANs
Physical Bandwidth
DSCP
DSCP – Differentiated Services Code Point
…AKA DiffServ
Recommended:When Right Provisioning not possible and on Constrained WAN Links (pair with WAN bandwidth policies)
Prioritization already deployed for other VoIP solution
Your Friendly IPv4 packet
DSCP
Windows® 7 and Windows Vista ® Lync users only use Windows Policy based QoS to mark based on application and port ranges
Lync IP Phones mark packets at endpoints
Windows XP® and MacMark at router based on port ranges only (or use Generic QoS)
DSCP
Example “Fully Managed” Network Deployment
Media Type Per Hop Behavior
Queuing and
Dropping
Notes:
Audio EF (DSCP 46)
Priority Queue
Low loss, low latency, low jitter, assured bandwidth
Pair with WAN Bandwidth Policies on constrained links
Video AF41 (DSCP 34)
BW Queue + DSCP WRED
Class 4. Low drop priority.Pair with WAN Bandwidth Policies on constrained
links
SIP Signaling CS3BW Queue Class 3.
Bandwidth allocation should be sufficient to avoid drops
App Sharing AF21 (DCSP 26)
BW Queue + DSCP WRED
Class 2. Low drop priority.Pair with End User Policy Caps
File Transfer AF11 (DSCP 10)
BW Queue + DSCP WRED
Class 1. Low drop priority.Pair with End User Policy Caps
More info @ Cisco Implementing Quality of Service Policies with DSCP
Political
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network DSCP
Data Link LLDP & VLANs
Physical Bandwidth
Media Ports
Media Port SeparationIf the client isn’t trusted, unique DSCP marking is achievable with non-overlapping port ranges for each modality and marking packets at router.
Monitor network traffic for each modality supported by Lync.
Lync Servers require separate port ranges for all modalitiesAudio port range applies to all audio servers; AV MCU, Mediation Server, Conferencing Services (CAA/PVA), Response Group Service (RGS), Call Park Server (CPS)Video Port range applies to AV MCUApplication sharing port range applies to AS MCU
Suggest making Client audio/video port ranges subset of Server port range (simplify router configuration)
Example: Server audio port range = 49,152 – 57,500, Client audio port range = 57,480 – 57,500
Political
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport Media Ports
Network DSCP
Data Link LLDP & VLANs
Physical Bandwidth
CAC
Call Admission Control
Policy Server role in Lync Server implements CACAdmins configure logical sites based on groupings of subnetsEnforce policies on links between sitesBandwidth available for audio, video
WAN link bandwidth policiesApplied dynamically when session crosses network link with policy setLimits the session to a maximum allowed bandwidth levelRe-route or fail session when bandwidth not available
Seamless support for roaming users on moving between different sitesAllows Internet to be used for overflow of traffic
Avoid PSTN call chargesSupport alternate path & failover of video sessions
Example Scenario
Seattle WAN Link Policy:Audio Session Limit = 60 Kbps
RT Audio WB (no FEC)
CAC Profile Type WAN Link Per Session Audio
Limit
Available Audio WAN Link per Session Video
Limit
Available Video
Optimized for Session Count(w/ Wide Band
P2P)
60 Kbps RTAudio NB + FECSiren + FEC
RTAudio WB (no FEC)
350 Kbps RTVideo – CIF (15fps)
RTVideo – Pano (15fps)
Balanced 95 Kbps (Above plus) RTAudio WB + FEC
G.711 (no FEC)G.722 (no FEC)
600 Kbps (Above plus) RTVideo – VGA
(30fps)
Optimized for Quality
165 Kbps (All Above plus)G.711 + FECG.722 + FEC
1500 Kbps (All Above plus)RTVideo – HD (30fps)
New York
Example Scenario
New YorkSeattleInternetWAN Link Policy:
Audio Session Limit = 60 Kbps
RT Audio WB (No FEC)
CAC Profile Type WAN Link Per Session Audio
Limit
Available Audio WAN Link per Session Video
Limit
Available Video
Optimized for Session Count(w/ Wide Band
P2P)
60 Kbps RTAudio NB + FECSiren + FEC
RTAudio WB (no FEC)
350 Kbps RTVideo – CIF (15fps)
RTVideo – Pano (15fps)
Balanced 95 Kbps (Above plus) RTAudio WB + FEC
G.711 (no FEC)G.722 (no FEC)
600 Kbps (Above plus) RTVideo – VGA
(30fps)
Optimized for Quality
165 Kbps (All Above plus)G.711 + FECG.722 + FEC
1500 Kbps (All Above plus)RTVideo – HD (30fps)
Example Scenario
New YorkSeattleInternetWAN Link Policy:
Audio Session Limit = 60 Kbps
RT Audio NB (+ FEC)
CAC Profile Type WAN Link Per Session Audio
Limit
Available Audio WAN Link per Session Video
Limit
Available Video
Optimized for Session Count(w/ Wide Band
P2P)
60 Kbps RTAudio NB + FECSiren + FEC
RTAudio WB (no FEC)
350 Kbps RTVideo – CIF (15fps)
RTVideo – Pano (15fps)
Balanced 95 Kbps (Above plus) RTAudio WB + FEC
G.711 (no FEC)G.722 (no FEC)
600 Kbps (Above plus) RTVideo – VGA
(30fps)
Optimized for Quality
165 Kbps (All Above plus)G.711 + FECG.722 + FEC
1500 Kbps (All Above plus)RTVideo – HD (30fps)
demo
CAC Visualization Tool
Application
Presentation
Session CAC
Transport Media Ports
Network DSCP
Data Link LLDP & VLANs
Physical Bandwidth
Resiliency
Session Dialog Resiliency
Session Dialog Resiliency allows media to continue if signaling session is disrupted due to issues with Stateful Layer 3 middleboxes like Load Balancers or Signaling proxies.
During loss of signaling channel endpoint enter resiliency mode
Some loss of functionality, e.g. hold/resume, conference roster, etc.Media session will continue
Automatic recovery of signaling channel whenever possible
(S)RTP/RTCP (UDP/TCP)
SIP (TCP)
demo
Session Dialog Resiliency
Application
Presentation Resiliency
Session CAC
Transport Media Ports
Network DSCP
Data Link LLDP & VLANs
Physical Bandwidth
Partners
Partners
Lync™ 2010 supports broad interoperability with a well partner developed eco-system with
Networking equipment vendorsLoad Balancer vendorsSIP Interoperability
Why Bother? See Gartner’s Debunking the Myth of the Single-vendor Network (public discussion here).
All docs linked from Network Infrastructure Roadmap
Customers starting to push towardsgreater media over mobile scenarios
iPad effectOptimize cellular minute and data plans
“Wireless by default, wired when necessary.” 2 Network managers tasked to plan for convergence In many cases all wireless
Trends are for greatly increased bandwidth usageUp to 100 personal video devices for each currently installed room system. 3
Intel Ultrabook reference design no longer including Ethernet ports
Fortune 100 1 >80% deploying mobile clientsSmartphones 289M in 2010 >900M in 2014 1
Slates 55M in 2011 >200M in 2014
1 Gartner Forecast: Mobile Devices, Worldwide 2010 2 Gartner: Key Issues for Communications Enterprise Strategies, 2011. March 20113 Gartner: Is Your Wi-Fi Network Ready for Video? May 2011
Lync over Wi-Fi
Lync over Wi-Fi
Lync Data over Wi-FiDesktops, laptop, slates & mobile smart phonesIM, presence, web conferencing & calendaringFixed and Nomadic
Lync Real-time Media over Wi-Fi: NomadicVoice mail, video conferencing, telephony and audio conferencing Nomadic capabilities for RT-MediaIncludes Lync Data over Wi-Fi
Lync Real-Time Media over Wi-Fi: MobilityOriginate, consume & terminate Lync services while mobileIncludes Lync RT-Media over Wi-Fi Nomadic
Lync over Wi-Fi: Aruba
Lync Server Certified Interoperable with Aruba Wi-FiAruba in Network Infrastructure Optimization Program
Uses smart APs and Application fingerprintingMassive benefit over Cisco
YesPrep Public Schools: 90% time/cost reduction (Case Study)
Packet Loss
Jitter (ms)
Delay (ms) MOS
Cisco .3679 6 27.75 2.249
Aruba .0102 1.5 11.25 3.902
Aruba Improveme
nt35x less 3x less 60%
less~75%Better
Available
Lync over Wi-Fi: Aruba
VoiceVideoData
One VLAN & one SSID for all applications
Different QoS levels over the air
Application fingerprintingIsolates encrypted applications
Different QoS levelson the wire Microsoft AD
And Exchange
Core enterprise network
Telephony Gateway
PSTN
Lync Server
Laptop with Lync
Mobile Device Access Control automatically detects multimedia enabled devicesApplication fingerprinting sets QoS based on flow type, not VLANWorks reliably even for encrypted signaling and/or mediaNo client software or proprietary drivers are required
Aruba Resourceshttp://arubanetworks.com/lync
Reference Guide: Deploying Lync Server 2010Solution Brief: Microsoft Lync
Have a Wi-Fi / Mobility Opportunity?Contact Aruba using their Microsoft Lync [email protected]& they connect you with a local Aruba PartnerBoth partners agree to project “Terms of Engagement”. If not, they find another partner.Aruba Partner performs a ‘Lync Readiness Assessment’ and prepares a report and Wi-Fi proposal
Aruba ReadinessAssessment for Lync• What: Assesses readiness
of LAN, Wi-Fi, and guest access infrastructure to simultaneously handle voice, video, and data across a mix of client devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones)
• When: Aruba partner conducts assessment prior to bid preparation
• Why: Focuses the customer on our joint strengths – rich UC features, performance, security – and highlights new trends – like BYOD – they might have overlooked
• How: Customer needs analysis and on-site survey drive a proposed system design and ROI analysis
Networking Infrastructure Partners
Enhance network infra. expertise & credibility of the MS UC solutionBring to market best-in-class integrated UC/Networking solutions Publish documentation to assist in optimization of the network:Deliver differentiated UC + networking solutions through complementary product portfolios
Details: Lync Server Network Infrastructure Roadmap
Partner OCS 2007 R2 Lync
HP Published Published
Juniper Published Published
Brocade Published Published
Aruba N/A Published
Load Balancer Vendors
Load balancer vendors qualified to work with Lync (here)Vendor Vendor’s Lync Page
A10 Networks AX Series for Lync 2010 Overview and Deployment GuideArray Networks Deployment Guide for Array Networks APV Application Delivery Controllers and Microsoft Lync Server 2010 AVANU/CAI
NetworksCAI Networks' WebMux and Microsoft Lync 2010
Barracuda Barracuda Load Balancer Deployment Guide Brocade Brocade Communications' Microsoft Unified
Communications Solutions Citrix Systems Netscaler Developer Network F5 F5 Solutions Kemp LoadMaster Deployment Guide for Microsoft Lync 2010 Radware Radware AppDirector
optimizing the delivery of Microsoft Lync 2010
SIP Interoperability partners
A broad set of vendors qualified to work with Lync 2010 (here) for
Direct SIP: Audiocodes, Aastra, Cisco, Ferrari, Mitel, NET, DialogicIP-PBX: Alcatel-Lucent, Avaya, CiscoE.911 Service Providers: 911 Enable, Level 3E.911 ELIN Gateways: Audiocodes, 911 EnableSBA: Audiocodes, Dialogic, Ferrari, HP, NETSIP Trunking: BT, Colt, Global Crossing, Intelepeer, Interoute, Level 3, MyNetFone, Orange business services, Telenor, Speakup, Swisscom, Thinktel, Verizon Business, TDCSession Border Controllers: Acme Packet, Audiocodes, NET
In Review: Session Takeaways
Partners Lync demonstrates broad open interoperability and adapts to heterogeneous networks
Resiliency Recovers from bad networking/glitches much better than traditional hard-phone
CAC CAC + Adaptive Media Stack + Re-routing over the internet
Media Ports Optimize traffic at the workstation or the router. Separate traffic for modalities
DSCP Mark the packets as they hit the wire from Lync clients
LLDP & VLANs
Working across heterogeneous network architectures
Bandwidth Better quality of experience on any network with smart endpoints, management & monitoring across the network.
Related Content
EXL318 - Lync Deep Dive: Dial Plans and Voice Management Deep DiveEXL411 - Best Practices in Securing Your Microsoft Lync Server 2010 Edge ServersEXL42-HOL: Configuring Bandwidth Management and Call Admission Control in Microsoft Lync Server 2010
Product Demo Stations (EXL 2 LYNC)
70-664: TS: Microsoft Lync Server 2010, Configuring70-665: PRO: Microsoft Lync Server 2010, Administrator
Find Me Later – The Learning Center 6/12, 3:30PM-5:00PM
Track Resources
Lync Team Blog: http://blogs.technet.com/b/uc/
Lync Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/MicrosoftOfficeCommunicator
Lync Website: http://lync.microsoft.com/en-us/Pages/unified-communications.aspx
Lync Server Blog: http://blogs.technet.com/b/nexthop/
Resources
Connect. Share. Discuss.
http://northamerica.msteched.com
Learning
Microsoft Certification & Training Resources
www.microsoft.com/learning
TechNet
Resources for IT Professionals
http://microsoft.com/technet
Resources for Developers
http://microsoft.com/msdn
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