T. A. Blakelock Grade 11 Biology
Diversity of Living Things
Name: Class:
Period: pg. 1
Warm Up Exercise:
Place these classifications in order from largest to smallest.__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________
__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________
__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________
__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________
__________________________ ___________________________
Brainstorm with a partner, what is a definition of 'Alive'?
Scientists developed a general sense of what they considered 'Alive' through the Medieval Times and came up with this list.
Common Characteristics of Living ThingsCriteria Description
-ability to change the ______________ of some or all of its parts
-ability to respond to ______________
-orderly, progressive change in form (___________________________)
-contains a large number of _______________ molecules and materials
-________________ of all processes (or potential to perform processes) characteristics of living things.
Scientists quickly realized that some living things did not satisfy all of these criteria, and some nonliving things satisfied too many of them. So, they developed a more accurate list of Fundamental Characteristics.
pg. 2
Fundamental Characteristics of Living Things
Criteria Description-Organized assembly of molecules into a ____________ unit (cells)-Ability to assimilate ________________ as well as materials to grow ad develop-Ability to create viable & ______________ offspring
-Ability to pass on traits & characteristics to _______________
-Ability to maintain a stable & functional _______________ environment
TAXONOMY: The branch of science dedicated to classification, especially organisms
Levels of Classification
1.__________________________ : ________________________ :
2.__________________________ : ________________________ :
3.__________________________ : ________________________ :
4.__________________________ : ________________________ :
5.__________________________ : ________________________ :
6.__________________________ : ________________________ :
7.__________________________ : ________________________ :
CHARACTERISTTICS OF EACH KINGDOMCriteria Archaebacteria Eubacteri
aProtista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell Count
Reproduction
Mobility
Tropism
Habitat
Cell Wall
Examplepg. 3
Complete this Chart for AnimaliaMAMMALIA AVES REPTILIA AMPHIBIA GNASTHOSTOMATA
/ AGNATHA
BODY COVERINGFORM OF BIRTHLOCOMOTION
HEART CHAMBERSBLOOD TEMPERATURE
HABITAT
Example
pg. 4
KINGDOM BACTERIANOTES
Functions of Each Part
pg. 5
BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION A.
B.
C.
pg. 6
BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
TOXINS
EXOTOXINS
ENDOTOXINS
Deadliest Bacterium
pg. 7
VIRUSESAlive or not alive?
(THAT is the question)
DNA –
RNA –
Viral Life Cycle
Virus invade cells and force them to make more viruses
1. Getting Into the CellBacteriophage
Animal Virus
Plant Virus
pg. 8
2. Taking OverDNA – Two Types(i) Lytic Cycle
(ii) Lysogenic Cycle
RNA Virus – two types
(i) Simple RNA
(ii) RetrovirusH.I.V.
pg. 9
3. Getting Out(i) Cell Lysis
(ii) Exocytosis
Part II
DNA and RNA are affected by viruses differently
DNA Virus : Two Types
A. Lytic Cycle -Very ___________, Destroys Cell DNA and replaces it with Viral DNA
-Viral symptoms are __________________
Example:
Signs and Symptons: -
-
pg. 10
Lytic Cycle
1. Attachment — Virus attaches to the cell wall at a ___________________.
2. Penetration — The cell wall is weakened by the viral _______________, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the virus is injected into the host cell.
3. Synthesis — The DNA of the host cell is _______________, and the viral DNA takes over making viral proteins and viral nucleic acid.
4. Assembly — Viral coats of protein ______________ are assembled with the nucleic acids filling the cell with new virus particles.
5. Lysis – ________________ dissolve the host cell membrane from within. The cell then bursts open.
6. Release — The newly formed virus particles are released, free to infect other bacterial cells.
B. Lysogenic Cycle -Slow, combining viral DNA with cellular DNA
-Viral symptoms are delayed
Example:
Signs and Symptoms: -
-
Lysogenic Cycle
The lysogenic cycle proceeds in the same way as the _____________ except that the
_________________becomes part of the host cell's DNA, and it does not immediately take over host cell.
The actual replication is ________. Viruses that do not cause an immediate infection
pg. 11
are referred to as temperate or latent. They exist as a ________and can be dormant for years. The virus can become active (virulent) years later.
Stimuli that bring about their activation include exposure to environmental factors like
__________________________ .
Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an example of this type of virus.
RNA Virus : Two Types
A. Simple RNA Viruses - Takes over Cell _________________ directly
- Avoids _________________ DNA entirely
- __________________ or _____________ life cycle
Example:
Signs and Symptoms: -
-
B. Retrovirus - Uses an _________________________ to rewrite cellular DNA with viral RNA
- Enzyme makes frequent mistakes so the retrovirus has a high
____________________________ rate
- ________________ and ________________ life cycle
Example:
pg. 12
Signs and Symptoms: -
-
-
Part III
4. Getting Out(iii) Cell Lysis
(iv) Exocytosis
BUT, IS A VIRUS ALIVE?
Common Characteristics Additional Characteristics
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3. Can’t ________________ without
pg. 13
infecting a living thing
4. 4. Can ________________
within a host and kill it
5. 5.
6.
I. All Viruses are _________________________ and cannot live ______________________
II. Viruses can invade ____________________ cell types (plants, animals, etc.)
III. Viruses must use the __________________ from other cells to “________________”
Virus Questions
1. What can you conclude about a virus based on how it invades cells?2. How is a virus able to avoid attack by cells of the immune system?3. A patient comes in to a physician’s office complaining of a sickness that came on rapidly
following a trip to South America. The patient claims that he was in a clinic, sitting besideAn old man who coughed and spit up, and the patient thinks he may have been infected then. He says he was sick that same afternoon and ever since. Ruling out bacterial infection, what can the physician at least narrow her search to from the information provided?
4. What is the characteristic difference between the Lytic and Lysogenic cycle?5. Describe one virus which infects the human body, including the following criteria:
i)Name (Scientific and Common)
ii) Where in the body does it infect?
iii) What is the effect on the body?
pg. 14
iv) Is it lytic or lysogenic?
v) What, if any, treatment is there for the virus?
vi) Where(worldwide) is the virus most prevalent?
PRIONS
NANOBES
Important Scientist:_____________________
pg. 15