M for MURDER.docx

8/20/2019 M for MURDER.docx

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M FOR MURDER OUVERTURE pages 36-37 Expression Orale en Continu

Notion de mmoire (programme culturel de 2nde)

Tâche

finale

Montrer ses capacités d’enquêteur : écouter des témoins et trouver les

contradictions dans leurs témoignages. !server une sc"ne de crime etfais un rapport oral de ton enquête (#$ %#)

Utilisation des stru!tures de "RO#$#%&%TE au prsent et au pass et de tous els temps du

pass ' prtrit( prtrit en %N)( pluper*e!t+

&llustration: riginal collage (2'') ! *raham +. ,olland- inspired ! a passage from gatha#hristie’s ,ercule /oirot’s #hristmas (010)

CR%ME ,CENE : Utiliser le o!a.ulaire de la page /60 décrire une image3- le le4ique page 22 etles e4pressions de pro!a!ilité.%nsister sur les mots de liaison: first, the, afterwards, finally, too, also, moreover, what’s more et surles e4pressions permettant de situer des éléments dans un ensem!le: in the foreground, in thebackground, at the top, at the bottom

Utiliser Tool.ox et 1e2ords'

The scene ta5es place in a large room- pro!a!l a dra6ing room in a huge house7 The first thing 6enotice in the picture8 The focal point of the picture is the 6hite outline of a dead !od on the carpet infront of the fireplace. 9hat’s more- there’s a huge pool of !lood there. 9e 5no6 the scene ta5es placein 6inter !ecause 6e can see the sno6covered mountains outside on the right there is a fire !urning in

the fireplace and the date on the 6all calendar is +ecem!er 2;

th

.The room is in chaos: The furniture has !een 5noc5ed over8 overturned and is all over the place. Thereare also several plates- vases and lamps on the floor- 6hich have !een smashed to pieces. There arelots of !oo5s scattered on the floor- too. There is no 6eapon near the outline of the !od !ut there musthave !een 2 people in the room !ecause there is a decanter and t6o empt glasses on the 6riting des5on the left.

&n the !ac5ground on the right- a cloc5 indicates the time. &t is a quarter past si4 in the evening. Thereare several paintings on the 6all. ne of the 6indo6s on the right is half open and !loc5ed ! somesort of scre6. There is also a safe in the righthand corner of the room !ut it hasn’t !een opened. n

the left- it loo5s as if someone must have tried to !rea5 the door open !ecause it has come off itshinges.

+escription of a crime scene pages 1


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lots of !oo5s scattered on the floor- too. There is no 6eapon near the outline of the !od !ut there musthave !een 2 people in the room !ecause there is a decanter and t6o empt glasses on the 6riting des5on the left.

&n the !ac5ground on the right- a cloc5 indicates the time. &t is a quarter past si4 in the evening. There

are several paintings on the 6all. ne of the 6indo6s on the right is half open and !loc5ed ! somesort of scre6. There is also a safe in the righthand corner of the room !ut it hasn’t !een opened. nthe left- it loo5s as if someone must have tried to !rea5 the door open !ecause it has come off itshinges.

,4erlo!5 olmes is a fictional detective created ! >cottish author and phsician >ir rthur#onan +ole. ?ondon!ased @consulting detective@ 6hose a!ilities !order on the fantastic-,olmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning- his a!ilit to adopt almost an disguise- andhis use of forensic science s5ills to solve difficult cases.

,olmes- 6ho first appeared in pu!lication in AA=- 6as featured in four novels and B< shortstories. The first novel- A Study in Scarlet - appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in AA=and the second- he Sign of the !our - in "ippincott's #onthly #aga$ine in A0'. Thecharacter gre6 tremendousl in popularit 6ith the first series of short stories in he Strand

#aga$ine- !eginning 6ith @ >candal in Cohemia@ in A0D further series of short stories andt6o novels pu!lished in serial form appeared !et6een then and 02=. The stories cover a

period from around AA' up to 0;.

ll !ut four stories are narrated ! ,olmesEs friend and !iographer- +r. Fohn ,. 9atsonD t6oare narrated ! ,olmes himself (@The Clanched >oldier @ and @The ?ionEs Mane@) and t6o

others are 6ritten in the third person (@The MaGarin >tone@ and @,is ?ast Co6@). &n t6ostories (@The Musgrave Hitual@ and @The %loria Scott @)- ,olmes tells 9atson the main storfrom his memories- 6hile 9atson !ecomes the narrator of the frame stor. The first and fourthnovels- A Study in Scarlet and he &alley of !ear - each include a long interval of omniscientnarration recounting events un5no6n to either ,olmes or 9atson.

+ole said that the character of >herloc5 ,olmes 6as inspired ! +r. Foseph Cell- for 6hom +olehad 6or5ed as a cler5 at the Hoal &nfirmar of %din!urgh. ?i5e ,olmes- Cell 6as noted for dra6inglarge conclusions from the smallest o!servations.IJ ,o6ever- some ears later Cell 6rote in a letter to#onan +ole: @Kou are ourself >herloc5 ,olmes and 6ell ou 5no6 it.@I2J >ir ,enr ?ittleLohn-

lecturer on orensic Medicine and /u!lic ,ealth at the Hoal #ollege of >urgeons- is also cited as aninspiration for ,olmes. ?ittleLohn served as /olice >urgeon and Medical fficer of ,ealth of%din!urgh- providing for +ole a lin5 !et6een medical investigation and the detection of crime.

&i*e

%4plicit details a!out >herloc5 ,olmesEs life outside of the adventures recorded ! +r. 9atsonare fe6 and far !et6een in #onan +oleEs original storiesD nevertheless- incidental detailsa!out his earl life and e4tended families portra a loose !iographical picture of the detective.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeton's_Christmas_Annualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Fourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippincott's_Monthly_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strand_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strand_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strand_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Blanched_Soldierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion's_Manehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Mazarin_Stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(story)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Littlejohnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeton's_Christmas_Annualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Fourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippincott's_Monthly_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strand_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strand_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Blanched_Soldierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion's_Manehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Mazarin_Stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(story)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Littlejohnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle


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n estimate of ,olmesEs age in the stor @,is ?ast Co6@ places his !irth in AB;D the stor isset in ugust 0; and he is descri!ed as !eing


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is revealed. or instance- in @The dventure of the Three *arride!s@- 9atson is 6ounded in aconfrontation 6ith a villainD although the !ullet 6ound proves to !e @quite superficial@-9atson is moved ! ,olmesEs reaction:

&t 6as 6orth a 6oundD it 6as 6orth man 6oundsD to 5no6 the depth of loalt and love

6hich la !ehind that cold mas5. The clear- hard ees 6ere dimmed for a moment- and thefirm lips 6ere sha5ing. or the one and onl time & caught a glimpse of a great heart as 6ell asof a great !rain. ll m ears of hum!le !ut singleminded service culminated in that momentof revelation.

&n @The dventure of the Peiled ?odger @- it is said that ,olmes 6as in active practice for 21ears- 6ith 9atson cooperating 6ith him for = of them.

)reat iatus

#onan +ole 6rote the first set of stories over the course of a decade. 9anting to devote moretime to his historical novels- he 5illed off ,olmes in @The inal /ro!lem@- 6hich appeared in

print in A01 !ut is set in A0. fter resisting pu!lic pressure for eight ears- the author6rote he ound of the Baskervilles- 6hich appeared in 0'- implicitl setting it !efore,olmesEs @death@ (some theorise that it actuall too5 place after @The Heturn@ !ut 6ith9atson planting clues to an earlier date). &n 0'1- #onan +ole 6rote @The dventure of the%mpt ,ouse@- set in A0;- in 6hich ,olmes reappears and e4plains to a shoc5ed 9atson thathe had onl fa5ed his death in @The inal /ro!lem@ to fool his enemies. @The dventure ofthe %mpt ,ouse@ mar5s the !eginning of the second set of stories- 6hich #onan +olecontinued to 6rite until 02=.

,olmes aficionados refer to the period from A0 to A0;Rthe time !et6een ,olmesEsdisappearance and presumed death in @The inal /ro!lem@ and his reappearance in @Thedventure of the %mpt ,ouse@Ras the @*reat ,iatus@. ne later stor (@The dventure of9isteria ?odge@)- though- is descri!ed as ta5ing place in A02- although this can !e e4plainedas a mista5e on #onan +oleEs part.

Retirement

&n @,is ?ast Co6@- ,olmes has retired to a small farm on the >usse4 +o6ns. The move is notdated precisel !ut can !e presumed to predate 0';- since it is referred to retrospectivel in

@The >econd >tain@- first pu!lished that ear. ,ere he has ta5en up the ho!! of !ee5eeping as his primar occupation- eventuall producing a @/ractical ,and!oo5 of Cee #ulture- 6ithsome !servations upon the >egregation of the Sueen@. The stor features ,olmes and9atson coming out of retirement one last time to aid the 6ar effort. nl one other adventure-@The dventure of the ?ionEs Mane@- 6hich is narrated ! ,olmes- ta5es place during thedetectiveEs retirement. The details of his death are not 5no6n.

a.its and personalit2

9atson descri!es ,olmes as @ !ohemian@ in ha!its and lifestle. lthough ,olmes is

descri!ed in he ound of the Baskervilles as having a @catli5e@ love of personal cleanliness-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Three_Garridebshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Veiled_Lodgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Final_Problemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion's_Manehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Three_Garridebshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Veiled_Lodgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Final_Problemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion's_Manehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles


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9atson also descri!es ,olmes as an eccentric- 6ith no regard for contemporar standards oftidiness or good order. &n he #usgrave (itual - 9atson descri!es ,olmes thus:

lthough in his methods of thought he 6as the neatest and most methodical of man5ind... IheJ5eeps his cigars in the coalscuttle- his to!acco in the toe end of a /ersian slipper- and his

unans6ered correspondence transfi4ed ! a Lac55nife into the ver centre of his 6oodenmantelpiece... ,e had a horror of destroing documents.... Thus month after month his papersaccumulated- until ever corner of the room 6as stac5ed 6ith !undles of manuscript 6hich6ere on no account to !e !urned- and 6hich could not !e put a6a save ! their o6ner.

9hat appears to others as chaos- ho6ever- is to ,olmes a 6ealth of useful information.Throughout the stories- ,olmes 6ould dive into his apparent mess of random papers andartefacts to retrieve precisel the specific document or item he 6as loo5ing for.

9atson frequentl ma5es note of ,olmesEs erratic eating ha!its. The detective is oftendescri!ed as starving himself at times of intense intellectual activit- such as during @The

dventure of the Qor6ood Cuilder @- 6herein- according to 9atson:

I,olmesJ had no !rea5fast for himself- for it 6as one of his peculiarities that in his moreintense moments he 6ould permit himself no food- and & have 5no6n him to presume uponhis iron strength until he has fainted from pure inanition.

,is chronicler does not consider ,olmesEs ha!itual use of a pipe- or his less frequent use ofcigarettes and cigars- a vice. %ven so- it is o!vious that 9atson has stricter limits than ,olmes-and occasionall !erated ,olmes for creating a @poisonous atmosphere@ of to!acco smo5e.,olmes himself references 9atsonEs moderation in @The dventure of the +evilEs oot@-saing- @& thin5- 9atson- that & shall resume that course of to!accopoisoning 6hich ou haveso often and so Lustl condemned@.

Qor does 9atson condemn ,olmesEs 6illingness to !end the truth or !rea5 the la6 on !ehalfof a client (e.g.- ling to the police- concealing evidence or !rea5ing into houses) 6hen hefeels it morall Lustifia!le. ,o6ever- 9atson did not condone ,olmesEs plans 6hen themanipulated innocent people- such as 6hen he toed 6ith a oung 6omanEs heart in @Thedventure of #harles ugustus Milverton@ although it 6as done 6ith no!le intentions to saveman other oung 6omen from the clutches of the villainous Milverton.

,olmes is portraed as a patriot acting on !ehalf of the government in matters of national

securit in a num!er of stories. ,e also carries out counterintelligence 6or5 in is "ast Bow-set at the !eginning of 9orld 9ar &. s shooting practice- the detective adorned the 6all of hisCa5er >treet lodgings 6ith @PH@ (&ictoria (egina) in !ullet poc5s made ! his pistol.

,olmes has an ego that at times !orders on arrogant- al!eit 6ith LustificationD he dra6s pleasure from !affling police inspectors 6ith his superior deductions. ,e does not see5 fame-ho6ever- and is usuall content to allo6 the police to ta5e pu!lic credit for his 6or5. &t isoften onl 6hen 9atson pu!lishes his stories that ,olmesEs role in the case !ecomes apparent.Cecause of ne6spaper articles and 9atsonEs stories- ho6ever- ,olmes is 6ell 5no6n as adetective- and man clients as5 for his help instead of or alongside the police. These includegovernment officials and roalt. /rime Minister of the Onited Ningdom and a Ning of

Cohemia personall visit ,olmes to request his assistance. The *overnment of rance a6ards

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_scuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Norwood_Builderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Norwood_Builderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_pipe_(tobacco)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Devil's_Foothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milvertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milvertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(story)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_scuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Norwood_Builderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Norwood_Builderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_pipe_(tobacco)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Devil's_Foothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milvertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milvertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(story)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_France


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him the ?egion of ,onor for another case-the Ning of >candinavia is a client- and ,olmesaids the Patican at least t6ice

,olmes is pleased 6hen he is recogniGed for having superior s5ills and responds to flatter- as9atson remar5s- as a girl does to comments upon her !eaut.

,olmesEs demeanour is presented as dispassionate and cold. Ket 6hen in the midst of anadventure- ,olmes can spar5le 6ith remar5a!le passion. ,e has a flair for sho6manship and6ill prepare ela!orate traps to capture and e4pose a culprit- often to impress 9atson or one ofthe >cotland Kard inspectors.

J,olmes is a loner and does not strive to ma5e friends- although he values those that he has-and none higher than 9atson. ,e attri!utes his solitar 6as to his particular interests and hismope disposition. &n @The dventure of the *loria >cott@- he tells 9atson that during t6oears at college- he made onl one friend- Pictor Trevor. ,olmes sas- @& 6as never a versocia!le fello6- 9atson- al6as rather fond of moping in m rooms and 6or5ing out m o6n

little methods of thought- so that & never mi4ed much 6ith the men of m earD... m line ofstud 6as quite distinct from that of the other fello6s- so that 6e had no points of contact atall@. ,e is similarl descri!ed in A Study in Scarlet as difficult to dra6 out ! oung>tamford.

Use o* drugs

,olmes occasionall uses addictive drugs- especiall 6hen lac5ing stimulating cases. ,e !elieves the use of cocaine stimulates his !rain 6hen it is not in use. ,e is a ha!itual user ofcocaine- 6hich he inLects in a sevenpercent solution using a personal sringe that he 5eeps

in a Morocco leather case. ,olmes is also an occasional user of morphine !ut e4pressedstrong disapproval on visiting an opium den. These drugs 6ere legal in late 0thcentur%ngland. Coth 9atson and ,olmes are continual to!acco users- including cigarettes- cigars-and pipes- though this 6as not an uncommon ha!it during this era. ,olmes is an e4pert atidentifing to!accoash residues- having penned a monograph on the su!Lect.

+r. 9atson strongl disapproves of his friendEs cocaine ha!it- descri!ing it as the detectiveEs@onl vice@ and e4pressing concern over its possi!le effect on ,olmesEs mental health andsuperior intellect.&n @The dventure of the Missing ThreeSuarter @- 9atson claims to have@6eaned@ ,olmes off drugs. %ven so- according to his doctor friend- ,olmes remains anaddict 6hose ha!it is @not dead- !ut merel sleeping@.

Finan!ial a**airs

,olmes in his !ed from @The dventure of the +ing +etective@

lthough he initiall needed 9atson to share the rent of his comforta!le residence at 22CCa5er >treet- 9atson reveals in @The dventure of the +ing +etective@- 6hen ,olmes 6asliving alone- that @& have no dou!t that the house might have !een purchased at the price6hich ,olmes paid for his rooms-@ suggesting he had developed a good income from his

practice- although it is seldom revealed e4actl ho6 much he charges for his services. &n @>candal in Cohemia@- he is paid the staggering sum of one thousand pounds (1'' in gold and

='' in notes) as advance pament for @present e4penses@. &n @The /ro!lem of Thor Cridge@ he

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Scandinaviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_Yardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_Yardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_denhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_denhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Missing_Three-Quarterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dying_Detectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dying_Detectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Problem_of_Thor_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Scandinaviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_Yardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_denhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Missing_Three-Quarterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dying_Detectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dying_Detectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Problem_of_Thor_Bridge


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avers: @M professional charges are upon a fi4ed scale. & do not var them- save 6hen & remitthem altogether@.

This is said in a conte4t 6here a client is offering to dou!le his feesD ho6ever- it is li5el thatrich clients provided ,olmes a remuneration greatl in e4cess of his standard fee. or

e4ample- in @The inal /ro!lem@- ,olmes states that his services to the government of ranceand the roal house of >candinavia had left him 6ith enough mone to retire comforta!l-6hile in @The dventure of Clac5 /eter @- 9atson notes that ,olmes 6ould refuse to help the6ealth and po6erful if their cases did not interest him- 6hile he could devote 6ee5s at atime to the cases of the most hum!le clients. ,olmes also tells 9atson- in @ #ase of&dentit@- of a golden snuff !o4 received from the Ning of Cohemia after @ >candal inCohemia@ and a fa!ulous ring from the +utch roal familD in @The dventure of the Cruce/artington /lans@- ,olmes receives an emerald tiepin from Sueen Pictoria. ther mementosof ,olmesEs cases are a gold sovereign from &rene dler (@ >candal in Cohemia@) and anautographed letter of than5s from the rench /resident and a ?egion of ,onour for trac5ingdo6n an assassin named ,uret (@The dventure of the *olden /inceQeG@). &n @The

dventure of the /rior >chool@- ,olmes ru!s his hands 6ith glee 6hen the +u5e of,oldernesse notes the herloc5 ,olmesEs straightfor6ard practical principles are generall of the form- @&f p- thenq-@ 6here @p@ stands for some o!served evidence and @q@ stands for 6hat the evidenceindicates. Cut there are also- as ma !e o!served in the follo6ing e4ample- intermediate

principles. &n @ >candal in Cohemia@ ,olmes deduces that 9atson had got ver 6et lateland that he had @a most clums and careless servant girl@. 9hen 9atson- in amaGement- as5sho6 ,olmes 5no6s this- ,olmes ans6ers:

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&t is simplicit itself ... M ees tell me that on the inside of our left shoe- Lust 6here thefirelight stri5es it- the leather is scored ! si4 almost parallel cuts. !viousl the have !eencaused ! someone 6ho has ver carelessl scraped round the edges of the sole in order toremove crusted mud from it. ,ence- ou see- m dou!le deduction that ou had !een out invile 6eather- and that ou had a particularl malignant !ootslitting specimen of the ?ondon

slave.

&n this case- ,olmes emploed several connected principles:

• &f leather on the side of a shoe is scored ! several parallel cuts- it 6as caused !someone 6ho scraped around the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud.

• &f a ?ondon doctorEs shoes are scraped to remove crusted mud- the person 6ho soscraped them is the doctorEs servant girl.

• &f someone cuts a shoe 6hile scraping it to remove encrusted mud- that person isclums and careless.

• &f someoneEs shoes had encrusted mud on them- then the are li5el to have !een 6orn ! him in the rain- 6hen it is li5el he !ecame ver 6et.

C appling such principles in an o!vious 6a (using repeated applications of modus ponens)- ,olmes is a!le to infer from his o!servation that @the sides of 9atsonEs shoes arescored ! several parallel cuts@ that:

@9atsonEs servant girl is clums and careless@ and @9atson has !een ver 6et latel and has

!een out in vile 6eather@.

+eductive reasoning allo6s ,olmes to impressivel reveal a strangerEs occupation- such as aHetired >ergeant of Marines in A Study in Scarlet D a former shipEs carpenter turned

pa6n!ro5er in @The Hed,eaded ?eague@D and a !illiardmar5er and a retired artiller Q#in @The dventure of the *ree5 &nterpreter @. >imilarl- ! studing inanimate o!Lects- ,olmescan ma5e astonishingl detailed deductions a!out their o6ners- including 9atsonEs poc5et6atch in @The >ign of the our@ and a hat- a pipe- and a 6al5ing stic5 in other stories.

Ket +ole is careful not to present ,olmes as infalli!leRa central theme in @The dventureof the Kello6 ace@. t the end of the tale a so!ered ,olmes tells 9atson- @&f it should ever

stri5e ou that & am getting a little overconfident in m po6ers- or giving less pains to a casethan it deserves- 5indl 6hisper EQor!urE in m ear- and & shall !e infinitel o!liged to ou@.

Disguise

,olmes displas a strong aptitude for acting and disguise. &n several stories- he adoptsdisguises to gather evidence 6hile Eunder coverE so convincing that even 9atson fails to

penetrate them- such as in @The dventure of #harles ugustus Milverton@- @The Man 6iththe T6isted ?ip@- @The dventure of the %mpt ,ouse@ and @ >candal in Cohemia@. &n other adventures- ,olmes feigns !eing 6ounded or ill to give effect to his case- or to incriminate

those involved- as in @The dventure of the +ing +etective@ and @ >candal in Cohemia@. &nthe latter 6or5- 9atson remar5s that @The stage lost a fine actor...- 6hen I,olmesJ !ecame a

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specialist in crime@ in means of descri!ing ho6 perfect he 6as in the art of disguises- and ho6often 9atson himself fell for them.I1BJ

&n the first stor- A Study in Scarlet - something of ,olmesEs !ac5ground is given. &n earlAA- he is presented as an independent student of chemistr 6ith a variet of ver curious

side interests- almost all of 6hich turn out to !e singlemindedl !ent to6ards ma5ing himsuperior at solving crimes. (9hen he appears for the first time- he is cro6ing 6ith delight athaving invented a ne6 method for detecting !loodstainsD in other stories he indulges inrecreational homechemistr e4periments- sometimes filling the rooms 6ith foulsmellingvapours.) n earl stor- @The dventure of the %loria Scott @- presents more !ac5ground on6hat influenced ,olmes to !ecome a detective: a college friendEs father richl complimentedhis deductive s5ills. ,olmes maintains strict adherence to scientific methods and focuses onlogic and the po6ers of o!servation and deduction.

&n A Study in Scarlet - ,olmes claims he does not 5no6 that the %arth revolves around the>un- as such information is irrelevant to his 6or5. +irectl after having heard that fact from

9atson- he sas he 6ill immediatel tr to forget it. ,e sas he !elieves that the mind has afinite capacit for information storage- and so learning useless things 6ould merel reduce hisa!ilit to learn useful things. +r. 9atson su!sequentl assesses ,olmesE a!ilities thus:

. Nno6ledge of ?iterature nil.

2. Nno6ledge of /hilosoph nil.

1. Nno6ledge of stronom nil.

;. Nno6ledge of /olitics ee!le.

B. Nno6ledge of Cotan Paria!le. 9ell up in !elladonna- opium and poisonsgenerall. Nno6s nothing of practical gardening.

ensational ?iterature &mmense. ,e appears to 5no6 everdetail of ever horror perpetrated in the centur.

'. /las the violin 6ell.

. &s an e4pert singlestic5 plaer- !o4er and s6ordsman.

2. ,as a good practical 5no6ledge of Critish la6.

R>ir rthur #onan +ole- A Study in Scarlet

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t the ver end of A Study in Scarlet itself- it is sho6n that ,olmes 5no6s ?atin and needs notranslation of Homan epigrams in the originalRthough 5no6ledge of the language 6ould !eof du!ious direct utilit for detective 6or5- all universit students 6ere required to learn ?atinat that time.

?ater stories also contradict the list. +espite ,olmesEs supposed ignorance of politics- in @>candal in Cohemia@ he immediatel recognises the true identit of the supposed @#ount vonNramm@. Hegarding nonsensational literature- his speech is replete 6ith references to theCi!le- >ha5espeare- even *oethe. ,e is a!le to quote from a letter of lau!ert to *eorge >and and in the original rench. &ndeed- in he ound of the Baskervilles , ,olmes is a!le torecognise 6or5s ! Martin Nnoller and Foshua Henolds as such- saing- @%4cuse theadmiration of a connoisseur )))) 9atson 6onEt allo6 that & 5no6 anthing of art- !ut that ismere Lealous- since our vie6s upon the su!Lect differ.@ ,e goes on to e4plain- @& 5no6 6hatis good 6hen & see it.@

Moreover- in @The dventure of the Cruce/artington /lans@ 9atson reports that in

Qovem!er A0B @,olmes lost himself in a monograph 6hich he had underta5en upon the/olphonic Motets of ?assus@Ra most esoteric field- for 6hich ,olmes 6ould have had to@clutter his memor@ 6ith an enormous amount of information 6hich had a!solutel nothingto do 6ith crimefightingR5no6ledge so e4tensive that his monograph 6as regarded as @thelast 6ord@ on the su!Lect.I;'J The later stories a!andon the notion that ,olmes did not 6ant to5no6 anthing unless it had immediate relevance for his professionD in the second chapter of@The Palle of ear @- ,olmes instead declares that @all 5no6ledge comes useful to thedetective@- and near the end of @The dventure of the ?ionEs Mane@ he descri!es himself as@an omnivorous reader 6ith a strangel retentive memor for trifles@.

,olmes is also a competent crptanalst. ,e relates to 9atson- @& am fairl familiar 6ith allforms of secret 6riting- and am mself the author of a trifling monograph upon the su!Lect- in6hich & analse one hundred and si4t separate ciphers@. ne such scheme is solved usingfrequenc analsis in @The dventure of the +ancing Men@.

,olmesEs analsis of phsical evidence is !oth scientific and precise. ,is methods include theuse of latent prints such as footprints- hoof prints and !iccle trac5s to identif actions at acrime scene (@ >tud in >carlet@- @The dventure of >ilver ClaGe@- @The dventure of the/rior >chool@- he ound of the Baskervilles- @The Coscom!e Palle Mster@)- the use ofto!acco ashes and cigarette !utts to identif criminals (@The dventure of the Hesident/atient@- @The ,ound of the Cas5ervilles@)- the comparison of tpe6ritten letters to e4pose a

fraud (@ #ase of &dentit@)- the use of gunpo6der residue to e4pose t6o murderers (@Thedventure of the Heigate >quire@)- !ullet comparison from t6o crime scenes (@The dventureof the %mpt ,ouse@)- analsis of small pieces of human remains to e4pose t6o murders(@The dventure of the #ard!oard Co4@) and even an earl use of fingerprints (@The

Qor6ood Cuilder @). ,olmes also demonstrates 5no6ledge of pscholog in severaloccasions- such as in @ >candal in Cohemia@- 6here he lures &rene dler into !etraing6here she had hidden a photograph !ased on the @premise@ that an unmarried 6oman 6illsee5 her most valua!le possession in case of fire- 6hereas a married 6oman 6ill gra! her

!a! instead. nother e4ample of this ma !e found in @The dventure of the Clue#ar!uncle@- 6here ,olmes is a!le to o!tain information from a salesman ! a 6ager ratherthan ! interrogation or !ri!er- remar5ing- @9hen ou see a man 6ith 6his5ers of that cut

and the E/in5 ’unE protruding out of his poc5et- ou can al6as dra6 him ! a !et ... & daresa

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12/29

uguste +upin in @The /urloined ?etter @

lthough >herloc5 ,olmes is not the original fictional detective (he 6as influenced ! %dgarllan /oeEs #. uguste +upin and Umile *a!oriauEs Monsieur ?ecoq- for !oth of 6hom thecharacter openl e4pressed disdain or contempt)- his name has !ecome a !6ord for the part.

,is stories also include several detective stor characters- such as the loal !ut less intelligentassistant- a role for 6hich +r 9atson has !ecome the archetpe. The investigating detective !ecame a popular genre 6ith man authors such as gatha #hristie and +oroth >aers afterthe demise of ,olmes- 6ith characters such as ,ercule /oirot and ?ord /eter 9imse.orensic methods !ecame less important than the pscholog of the criminal- despite thestrong gro6th in forensics in use ! the police in the earl 2'th centur.

,!ienti*i! literature

>herloc5 ,olmes has occasionall !een used in the scientific literature. Fohn Hadford (000)I;1J speculates on his intelligence. Osing #onan +oleEs stories as data- Hadford applies three

different methods to estimate >herloc5 ,olmesEs &S- and concludes that his intelligence 6asver high indeed- estimated at appro4imatel 0' points. >nder (2'';)I;;J e4amines ,olmesEsmethods in the light of the science and the criminolog of the mid to late 0th centur.Nempster (2''


13/29

of the #roo5ed Man@- 6hen ,olmes e4plains a deduction: @E%4cellentVE & cried. E%lementar-Esaid he.@

,olmes sas @%lementar- m dear fello6- quite elementar@ in 1smith in the City (0'00') ! /. *. 9odehouse. The first 5no6n use of the e4act phrase 6as in 9odehouseEs 0B

novel 1smith, 2ournalist . &t also appears at the ver end of the 020 film- he (eturn ofSherlock olmes- the first >herloc5 ,olmes sound film. 9illiam *illette- 6ho plaed ,olmeson stage and radio- had previousl used the similar phrase- +h, this is elementary, my dear

fellow. The phrase might o6e its household familiarit to its use in %dith Meiser Es scripts forhe 3ew Adventures of Sherlock olmes radio series- !roadcast from 010 to 0;=.

,olmes spea5s the e4act phrase in the 0B1 short stor @The dventure of the Hed 9ido6@ ! #onan +oleEs son drian.I;=J

T4e )reat )ame

Main article: >herloc5ian game

The fiftsi4 short stories and four novels 6ritten ! #onan +ole are termed the @canon@ !>herloc5 ,olmes fans. %arl scholars of the canon included Honald Nno4 I;AJ in Critain- 6ho iscredited 6ith inventing @the *ame@-I;0J and #hristopher Morle in Qe6 Kor5-IB'J the latterhaving founded the Ca5er >treet &rregulars- the first societ devoted e4clusivel to the canonof ,olmes- in 01;.IBJ

The >herloc5ian game (also 5no6n as the ,olmesian game- the *reat *ame or simpl the*ame) is the pastime of attempting to resolve anomalies and clarif implied details a!out

>herloc5 ,olmes and +r. 9atson from the original stories and novels ! rthur #onan +olethat ma5e up the #anon. &t treats ,olmes and 9atson as real people- 6ith #onan +oleserving as 9atsonEs @literar agent@- and uses aspects of the canonical stories com!ined 6iththe histor of the era of the talesE composition to construct fanciful !iographies of the pair andto pu!lish scholarl analses from inside the ,olmes universe.I;0J

ne of the areas analGed 6ithin the *ame is ,olmesE !irthdate. MorleEs analsis argues that,olmesEs !irthda 6as Fanuar tud in >carlet@ and @@The*loria >cott@ dventure@. #ertain details in @EThe *loria >cottE dventure@ indicate ,olmesfinished his second and final ear at universit in either AA' or AAB. 9atsonEs o6n account

of his 6ounding in the >econd fghan 9ar and su!sequent return to %ngland in @ >tud in>carlet@ place his moving in 6ith ,olmes in either earl AA or AA2. Together- she contendsthat these suggest ,olmes left universit in AA'D if he !egan universit at the age of =- his

!irth ear 6ould li5el !e Aherloc5 ,olmes attended. uthor +oroth?. >aers suggested that- given details in t6o of the dventures- ,olmes must have !een at#am!ridge rather than 4ford and that @of all the #am!ridge colleges- >idne >usse4(#ollege) perhaps offered the greatest num!er of advantages to a man in ,olmesEs positionand- in default of more e4act information- 6e ma tentativel place him [email protected]

,olmesEs emotional state and mental health have !een a topic of analsis 6ithin the *ame fordecades. t their first meeting in @ >tud in >carlet@- the detective 6arns 9atson that he gets

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psmith_in_the_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psmith,_Journalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psmith,_Journalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gillettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edith_Meiser&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edith_Meiser&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlockian_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlockian_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Knoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-wnyc.org-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Morleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Morleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregularshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregularshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-wnyc.org-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_R._Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_R._Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psmith_in_the_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psmith,_Journalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gillettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edith_Meiser&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlockian_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Knoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-wnyc.org-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Morleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregularshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-wnyc.org-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_R._Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-55


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@in the dumps at times@ and doesnEt open his @mouth for das on end@. Man readers andliterar e4pertsIcitation needed J have suggested ,olmes sho6ed signs of manic depression- 6ithmoments of intense enthusiasm coupled 6ith instances of indolent selfa!sorption. thermodern readers have speculated that ,olmes ma have spergerEs sndrome !ased on hisintense attention to details- lac5 of interest in interpersonal relationships- and tendenc to

spea5 in long monologues.IBherloc5 ,olmes- #onan +ole- orcharacters from the stories in homage- to a greater or lesser degree. >ome have !een overt-introducing ,olmes as a character in a ne6 setting- or a more su!tle allusion- such as ma5inga logical character live in an apartment at num!er 22C. ne 6ell5no6n e4ample of this isthe character *regor ,ouse on the sho6 ouse #)4- 6hose name and apartment num!er are

!oth references to ,olmes.

ften the simplest reference a 6riter can ma5e is to portra an!od 6ho does some 5ind ofdetective 6or5 in a deerstal5er and &nverness cape. ,o6ever- throughout the entire novelseries- ,olmes is never e4plicitl descri!ed as 6earing a @deerstal5er hat@. ,olmes dons @hisearflapped travelling cap@ in @The dventure of >ilver ClaGe@. >idne /aget first dre6,olmes 6earing the deerstal5er cap and &nverness cape in @The Coscom!e Palle Mster@and su!sequentl in several other stories.Icitation needed J

,o!ieties

>tatue of >herloc5 ,olmes on /icard /lace in %din!urgh- #onan +oleEs !irthplace. Thestatue sho6s ,olmes 6earing an &nverness cape and a deerstal5er cap.

&n 01;- the >herloc5 ,olmes >ociet- in ?ondon- and the Ca5er >treet &rregulars- in Qe6Kor5 6ere founded. Coth are still active (though the >herloc5 ,olmes >ociet 6as dissolved

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger's_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baring-Gouldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baring-Gouldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Meyerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Meyerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Percent_Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_M.Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerstalkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerstalkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Silver_Blazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Pagethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Pagethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boscombe_Valley_Mysteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerstalkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregularshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger's_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baring-Gouldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Meyerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Percent_Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_M.Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerstalkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Silver_Blazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Pagethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boscombe_Valley_Mysteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerstalkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregulars


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in 01= to !e resuscitated onl in 0B). The ?ondon!ased societ is one of man 6orld6ide6ho arrange visits to the scenes of the >herloc5 ,olmes adventures- such as the Heichen!achalls in the >6iss lps.

The t6o initial societies founded in 01; 6ere follo6ed ! man more ,olmesians circles-

first of all in merica (6here the are called @scion societies@RoffshootsRof the Ca5er>treet &rregulars)- then in %ngland and +enmar5. Qo6adas- there are >herloc5ian societies inman countries- such as ustralia- &ndia and Fapan.

Museums

+uring the 0B estival of Critain- >herloc5 ,olmesEs sittingroom 6as reconstructed as themasterpiece of a >herloc5 ,olmes %4hi!ition- displaing a unique collection of originalmaterial.

fter the 0B e4hi!ition closed- items 6ere transferred to the >herloc5 ,olmes /u!- in?ondon- and to the #onan +ole #ollection in ?ucens (>6itGerland). Coth e4hi!itions- eachincluding its o6n Ca5er >treet >ittingHoom reconstruction- are still open to the pu!lic. &n00'- the >herloc5 ,olmes Museum opened in Ca5er >treet ?ondon and the follo6ing ear inMeiringen- >6itGerland another museum openedD naturall- the include less historicalmaterial a!out #onan +ole than a!out >herloc5 ,olmes himself. The >herloc5 ,olmesMuseum in Ca5er >treet- ?ondon 6as the first Museum in the 6orld to !e dedicated to afictional character. private collection of #onan +ole is also housed in the /ortsmouth #itMuseum 6hich has a permanent e4hi!it- due to his importance in the cit 6here he lived and6or5ed for man ears.

Ot4er 4onours

The ?ondon Metropolitan Hail6a named one of its 2' electric locomotives deploed in the02's after >herloc5 ,olmes. ,e 6as the onl fictional character so honored- alongsidefello6 eminent Critons such as ?ord Cron- CenLamin +israeli- and lorence Qightingale.IB=J

Man streets in ?ondon carr the legac of >herloc5 ,olmes. Kor5 Me6s >outh- situated Lustoff #ra6ford >treet- 6as renamed >herloc5 Me6s. There is also a 9atsonEs Me6s that issituated Lust off #ra6ford /lace.

Des!ription o* t4e pi!tures page 39

The scene in picture one o!viousl ta5es place in ?ondon as 6e can see Cig Cen in the !ac5ground onthe left. There is also a sort of castle in the fog !ehind the t6o characters. +r. Fohn 9atson and>herloc5 ,olmes are eas to recogniGe !ecause of their characteristic clothes. 9atson is on the left-6earing a !o6ler hat and ,olmes has a hat 6ith earflaps. ,olmes is also 6earing his tpicalchequered coat. ,e is holding his thum! and forefinger together- pro!a!l !ecause he is e4plainingsomething to 9atson. ,e might have sold a mster and is telling 9atson a!out some deductions orhe ma also !e giving him the solution. 9e can also notice that the t6o characters are middleaged in pictures one and t6o and loo5 definitel older then in picture three.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway_electric_locomotiveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraelihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-reed1934-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-reed1934-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway_electric_locomotiveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraelihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-reed1934-57


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/icture t6o ta5es place in a train compartment. 9atson- 6ho is fatter than in picture one- is sitting near the 6indo6 and reading the paper. ,e is 6earing the same !o6ler hat as in picture one. ,olmes- 6hois sitting near his friend- is 6earing the same tpe of hat and chequered coat as in picture one. ,e has !een reading a letter or some documents that are on his 5nees. ,e is smo5ing his pipe and loo5sthoughtful. ,e is pro!a!l ma5ing deductions or thin5ing a!out the affair he and his friends are going

to investigate. ,e might even have alread guessed 6ho the culprit is. ,olmes and 9atson ma have !een called ! the police or an inspector 6ho canEt solve a murder some6here outside ?ondon- 6hichis 6h the are travelling ! train./icture three is the poster of Sherlock olmes- a recent film. ,olmes is on the left and 9atson is on theright. The t6o characters are quite different from those in pictures one and t6o. The are far oungerand more dashing8elegant than those in the pictures a!ove. ,olmes is 6earing a chequered 6aistcoat- !ut no hat. ,e is not smo5ing the pipe either. %ven though 9atson is still 6earing his characteristic !o6ler hat and has a moustache- he is even thinner and more attractive8 handsome than in pictures oneand t6o. ,e is also 6earing gloves and has a cane8 stic5- 6hich he has put on his shoulder- as if he6ere read to ta5e up an challenge.

,T$RT%N) #&OC1, page 36 ,ER&OC1 FOR EVER

%llustrations'

) olmes and 5atson ! >teven Qo!le- a contemporar merican illustrator 2) ilm still from he Boscombe &alley mystery - in the 0toc5.1) ilm poster of Sherlock olmes (2''0) directed ! *u Hitchie starring Ho!ert +o6ning Fr. andFude ?a6.

$ 2) %#: (Otiliser la méthodologie page


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right. The t6o characters are quite different from those in pictures one and t6o. The are far oungerand more dashing8elegant than those in the pictures a!ove. ,olmes is 6earing a chequered 6aistcoat- !ut no hat. ,e is not smo5ing the pipe either. %ven though 9atson is still 6earing his characteristic !o6ler hat and has a moustache- he is even thinner and more attractive8 handsome than in pictures oneand t6o. ,e is also 6earing gloves and has a cane8 stic5- 6hich he has put on his shoulder- as if he

6ere read to ta5e up an challenge.

1) 84i!4 representation o* ,4erlo!5 olmes and 8atson do 2ou pre*er< 842W (Otiliserl’e4pression de son opinion personnelle et e4primer son sentiment- e4pliquer son choi4)

%4ercise 1: personal opinion

- To my mind / In my opinion- It seems to me that- I Feel/ I believe that

- I can’t help thinking that….- My feeling is that…- As a matter of fact I am convinced that …..- For my part I consider that …..

0+ $re 2ou a ,4erlo!5ologist <

a) >herloc5 ,olmes made his first appearance in AA=. True >tud in >carlet3 (une étude en rouge) !) ,is place of residence 6as 22! Hegent >treet- ?ondon. False: 22! Ca5er >treet- ?ondonc) >herloc5 ,olmes’ creator is >ir l!ert #onan +ull. False: >ir rthur #onan +ole.

d) ,olmes’s adventures appeared in ; short stories and B< novels. Truee) t least 2


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l)m) SODA NOIR

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p)q)r)s)t)

,v, 0ashar 0ad1 #e %orker cover shos the moment

0reaking 0ad villain $alter $hite meets Assad in his lab


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x)y)z)aa)ab)ac, 2It’s togh for some people to accept +yneth *altro’s

transformation from movie star to domestic goddess3


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ad)ae)af)

ag)a)ai)aj)ak)al)am)an)ao)ap)


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a4, #e %orker5s !anted ongress over Is 0oth )pooky

And 6epressing

ar) !"st in time for #alloween$ te New %orker brings "s a &ongress a"ntedby te terrifying spe'ter of (ed &r"z and !on oener*

as)

at)a")

a+)aw)ax)


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ay)az)ba)bb)b')bd)be)bf)bg)b)bi)


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bj)bk)bl)bm)bn)

bo)bp)bq)br)bs)bt)b")b+)bw)bx)by)bz)

ca) Ondeterred3 R in 6hich a !ac5pac5ed man- !raving ca!s6allo6ing flood6aterson a street 6ithout po6er- see5s his polling place.


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c!) The elegant t6inning of %lection +a and a region digging out from tragic disaster feels not forced !ut rather silentl forceful.

'')'d)'e)'f)'g)')'i)'j)'k)'l)'m) ,oter-s day


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'n)'o)'p)'q)

'r)'s)'t)'")'+)'w)'x)'y)'z)da)db)d')

dd)de) (#AN.S/I0IN/


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df)dg)d)di)dj)dk)dl)dm)dn)do)


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dp)

dq)dr)


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