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Module 3: Instance

Architecture

Part 1

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Overview

PART 1:

Configure a Database Server

Memory Architecture Overview

Memory Areas and Their Functions

Process and Thread Architecture

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Configuration of a Server

Using Configuration Parameters to Allocate and ManageResources

Oracle Configuration

Use of initialization parameters (init.ora or spfile)

ALTER SYSTEM, ALTER DATABASE

SQL Server Configuration

Setting server properties using SQL Server Management Studio

(SSMS)

The role of sp_configure system stored procedure

Startup parameters in SQL Server Configuration Manager

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Demonstration: Configuration Parameters

Demonstration:Configuration Parameters

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Memory Architecture Overview

Virtual MemoryRelevance to DBMS

Sharing Data in Memory

Using Memory Intelligentlyto Reduce I/O and EnhancePerformance

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Memory Address Space Oracle

Components of Oracle in Memory

Application components

RDBMS components

SYSTEM GLOBAL AREA

JAVA POOL

LARGE

POOLSTREAMS

POOL

SHARED

POOL

REDO

BUFFERBUFFER

CACHE

Oracle

Process

ServerProcess

ServerProcess

Server

Process

Background

ProcessPGAPGA PGA

PGA PGA

Automatic Memory Management

Manage both SGA and PGA

Automatically sizes memory

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SQL Servers Memory Pool and Oracles SGA

Oracle System Global Area (SGA)

Buffer Cache Shared Pool

LargePool

JavaPool

RedoBuffers

FixedSGA

StreamsPool

SQL Server Memory Pool

Buffer Cache

Procedure Cache

Connection

ContextLog Cache System

Structures

CLR Hosting

Layer

Column Store Cache

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SQL Server Architecture (SQLOS)

Components of SQL Server Architecture

Non-Preemptive Scheduling

Memory Management

Hosting Subsystems

Memory Management Non-PreemptiveScheduling

SQLOS

Memory Nodes

Memory Clerks

Caches

Pools

Memory Objects

Scheduling Nodes

Schedulers

Tasks

Worker Threads

System Threads

Exception Handling Resource Monitoring

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Memory Address Space Comparison (Cont.)

Memory Allocation in SQL Server

Dynamic at

Higher level (memory pool, etc.)

Lower level (buffer cache, procedure cache, etc.)

Few configurable parameters

Memory Address Range

32-bit (x86) - legacy

/IncreaseUserVA

64-bit (x64)

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Process and Thread-Based Architecture

Process - memory space to protect applications

Threads

Execute code

Allocated time on CPU

Managed by Operating System

Fibers are light-weight threads

reduce context switching overhead

Oracle uses processes in Unix and threads in Windows

Both Oracle and SQL Server use threads and optionally fibers.

Allocate thread assignment with CPU affinity

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Review

How to configure a database serverMemory Address Space of a database server

Memory areas inside Oracle SGA and their SQL Serverequivalents

Process- and thread-based architecture relevant toRDBMS

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Module 3: Instance

Architecture

Part 2

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Overview

PART 2:

Controlling Resources in SQL Server 2012

Client and RDBMS Interactions

Background Processes/Threads and Their Functions

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Controlling Resources in SQL Server 2012

Resource Governor is an Enterprise Edition featureCPU and memory limits per workload

Resource Governor allows for:

Workload prioritization

Predictable performance

Preventing runaway query

Accounting of resource usage

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Resource Governor = Greater Control

Resource Governor Performance

Availability

Key Components

Resource Pools Workload Groups

Classification

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Demonstration: Using the Resource Governor

Demonstration:

Using the Resource Governor

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Oracle ClientDatabase Interaction

Oracles two modes of interaction are: Dedicated Server uses a dedicated server process per client

session

Shared Server uses dispatchers and shared server processes

DATABASE Data Files

USERS

User

Process

User

Process

User

Process

Client

Client

Client

Request

Queue

Database

Buffer

Cache

Response

Queue

Dispatcher

Shared

Server

Dedicated

Server

INSTANCE

SGA1

5

6

7

2

3

4

8

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SQL Server ClientDatabase Interaction

SQL Server uses the shared server mode

Functionality of the dispatcher is facilitated by the networker thread

Functionality of the shared server processes by the worker threads

Users

UserProcess

User

Process

User

Process

Client

Client

ClientDatabase

Buffer

Cache

Data Files

Relational

EngineODBC Storage

Engine

Open

Data

Services

Worker

Thread

Worker

Thread

Worker

Thread

Memory

Pools

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Oracle Background Processes

USERS

UserProcess

User

Process

User

Process

Client

Client

Client

INSTANCE

DATABASE

Automatic Storage Management

Process

Monitor

System

Monitor

Queue

Monitor

Job

Queue

Event

Monitor

Recoverer

Trace

Writer

Dispatcher

Shared

Server

RequestQueue

Response

Queue

SGA

Redo

Log

Buffer

Data FilesArchive Log

Files

Control

Files

Redo Log

Files

Database

Buffer

Cache

Dedicated

Server

Database

Writer

Checkpoint

Archiver

Log

Writer

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SQL Server Background Processes

Users

User

Process

User

Process

User

Process

Client

Client

Client

Relational

Engine

ODBCStorage

Engine

Data Files

Log

Files

Database

Buffer

Cache

Log

Cache

Database

Cleanup

Worker

Thread

Log

Writer

Lazy

Writer

Worker

Thread

Database

Shrinking

Open

DataServices

Memory

Pool

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Comparing Background Processes

Oracle

Process

Oracle

Identifier

SQL Server

Equivalent

Required

Process Monitor PMON SQLOS Mandatory

System Monitor SMON Database

Cleanup/Shrinking

Mandatory

Database Writers DBWn Lazywriter Mandatory

Checkpoint Process CKPT Database Checkpoint Mandatory

Recoverer RECO MS DTC Optional

Log Writer LGWR Log Writer Mandatory

Archive Processes ARCn N/A N/A

Job Queue Processes Jnnn SQL Agent Optional

Job Queue Coordinators CJQn SQL Agent Optional

Queue Monitor Processes QMNn SQL Agent Optional

Parallel Query Slave

Processes

Pnnn Worker Threads Mandatory

Dispatcher Dnnn Networker Thread Mandatory

Shared Servers Snnn Worker Threads Mandatory

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Demonstration: Background Processes

Demonstration:

Background Processes

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Review

Controling resources with Resource GovernorClient interaction with database server

Background processes and threads and what they do