M_04_1.00 Data Objects and Demos and Labs.pdf

7/27/2019 M_04_1.00 Data Objects and Demos and Labs.pdf

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Module 4:

Data Objects


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Overview

Tables are the main objects that store dataIndexes, views, stored programs and other objects arethe support structures

Various table types compared based on data

organization

Various index types compared

Native and non-native data type support

Block-level storage architecture


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Schema Objects Table

Tables are theprimary objects thatstore data in rowsand columns

Each DBMS offersdifferent types oftables to supportdifferent accessneeds with optimal

performance andextendedfunctionality as thegoals

Oracle SQL Server

Heap-Organized Table Heap

Clustered Table Indexed Views

Partitioned Table Partitioned Table

Nested TableXML &

hierarchyid

Temporary Table Temporary Table

External Table Linked Server

Object Table Table Types

Index-organized Table Clustered Index

Table Types in Oracle and SQL Server


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Tables

Heap is the default form of data organization in a table,where data is stored in an unordered manner

Oracles index organized tables store data in a B-treestructure in primary key order

SQL Server has clustered index that does the sameOracle and SQL Server offer local and global temporarytables to store transient application data

Objects can have more than one allocation unit

Data compression is possible


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Demonstration: Reviewing Large AllocationUnits

Demonstration:

Reviewing Large Allocation Units


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SQL Server Table Structures

Clustered Index Structure in SQL Server

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Data Rows

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RootIndid = 1Id

Sysindexes

Root

node

Intermediate

level

Leaf node /

data pages

A-Z

W-ZA-D E-H

DebraAndy Charlie


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Constraints

Constraints are dataintegrity rules definedon columns of a table toenforce certainbusiness rules

Oracle SQL Server

NOT NULL NOT NULL

UNIQUE UNIQUE

PRIMARY KEY PRIMARY KEY

FOREIGN KEY FOREIGN KEY

DEFAULT DEFAULT

CHECK CHECK

Constraints in Oracle andSQL Server


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Triggers

Trigger Types Compared

Feature Oracle SQL Server

DML INSERT Yes Yes

DML UPDATE Yes Yes

DML

DELETE Yes YesTiming BEFORE Yes Yes (INSTEAD OF)

Timing AFTER Yes Yes

Level Row/Statement Statement

Views INSTEAD OF Yes Yes

Multiple triggers per action Yes Yes (first/lastspecified)

DDL Triggers Yes Yes

Logon Triggers Yes Yes

Single trigger for multiple actions Yes Yes


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Indexes

Index Structures in Oracle and SQL Server

Index scheme Oracle SQL Server

B-tree Unique Yes Yes

B-tree Non-unique Yes Yes

B-tree Composite Yes (32 cols) Yes (16 cols)

B-tree Ascending Yes Yes

B-tree Descending Yes Yes

B-tree Cluster Yes Yes

B-tree Reverse key Yes No

B-tree Key compressed Yes No

B-tree Function-based Yes No

B-tree Index organized table Yes Yes (clustered)

B-tree Partitioned Yes No

Bitmap Yes (30 cols) No

Bitmap Join Yes No

xVelocity columnstore Index No Yes

Invisible Index Yes No


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Views

Both Oracle and SQL Server offer views based on simple queries

involving a single table and complex queries based on multipletables

Indexed views in SQL Server is the only type of view which actuallystores data

Oracle and SQL Server offer updatable views with INSTEAD OFtriggers and WITH CHECK OPTION constraint

View Type Oracle SQL Server

Simple views Yes Yes

Join views Yes Yes

Partitioned views Yes YesUpdatable views Yes Yes

Inline views Yes Yes

Object views Yes No

Indexed views No Yes

View Types in Oracle and SQL Server


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Number Generation and New Names

CREATE SEQUENCE SomeNewNumbersSTART WITH 0 INCREMENT BY 1

ORACLE: Sequence ( 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .

CREATE SEQUENCE Test.CountBy1START WITH 0 INCREMENT BY 1

SQL Server: Sequence (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ..

CREATE SYNONYM MyProductFOR TheSchema.TheProduct;

Either: Synonyms


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Character-Based Data Types

Character-based data types in Oracle and SQL Server

Oracle SQL ServerData Type Size (bytes) Data Type Number of

CharsSize in bytes

Char 1 to 2000 Char 1 to 8000 1 to 8000 fixed

NChar 1 to 2000 (fewer chars) NChar 1 to 4000 2 to 8000 fixed

Varchar 1 to 4000 Varchar

Varchar(max)

1 to 8000

1 to 231-1

0 to 8000

0 to 2 GB

NVarchar 1 to 4000 (fewer chars) NVarchar

NVarchar(max)

1 to 8000

1 to 230-1

0 to 4000

0 to 2 GB

Varchar2 1 to 4000

NVarchar2 1 to 4000 (fewer chars)LONG 1 to 231 Text,

Varchar(max)1 to 231-1 0 to 2 GB

CLOB 1 to 232 Text,Varchar(max)

1 to 231-1 0 to 2 GB

NCLOB 1 to 232 Ntext,Nvarchar(max)

1 to 230-1 0 to 2 GB


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Numeric Data Types

Numeric data types in Oracle and SQL Server

Oracle SQL Server

Number(19,0) BigInt

Int or Number(10,0) Int

SmallInt or Number(6,0) SmallInt

Number(3,0) TinyInt

Number(p,0) Decimal(p,s)

Number(p,0) Numeric(p,s)

Float or DoublePrecision orNumber(38)

Float

Number(1) Bit

Number(19,4) Money

Number(10,4) SmallMoney


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Date and Time Types

Oracle SQL Server

Data Type Values Data Type Values

Date Date and time to seconds SmallDateTime Date and time to seconds

DateTimeDate and time with fractional seconds to

1/300 or 3.33 milliseconds

Calendar 01/01/1753 AD 01/06/9999 AD (DMY)

Timestamp (TS)Date and time with fractional

seconds(9 digits)

DateTime2 (DT2) Date and time with fractional seconds (7digits)

Timestamp withtime zone (TSTZ)

Like TS with zones

Timestamp withlocal time zone

(TSLTZ)

Like TS with relative zonesto users

DateTimeOffset Like DT2 with time zone offsets

Calendar Julian

01/01/4712 BCE -

12/31/4712 CE

Calendar

Gregorian 01/01/0001 AD 31/12/9999 AD (DMY)

Daylight SavingsTime Support

YesDaylight Savings

Time SupportNo

DATE Date only Gregorian

TIME Time only with fractional seconds(7 digits)


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Binary Data Types

Oracle SQL Server

BLOB Image, Varbinary(max)

Raw Image, Varbinary(max)

Long Raw Image, Varbinary(max)

BFile Similar to

Varbinary(max) Filestream

BLOB/Raw(n) Binary(n)

BLOB/Raw(n) Varbinary(n), Varbinary(max)

Binary data types in Oracle and SQL Server


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Demonstration: Creating a Table

Demonstration:

Creating a Table

Creating a Partitioned Table


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Non-Native Data Types Beyond Relational

Spatial Hierarchy


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Demonstration: Beyond Relational

Demonstration:

Beyond Relational Spatial Data


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Oracle and SQL Server Block-Level Data Organization

Microsoft SQL

Server Data Page

Row

Offsets

OracleData Block

Row Offsets

Page Header

Data Row 1

Data Row 2

Data Row 3

Free Space

Block Header

Free Space

Data Row 3

Data Row 2

Data Row 13 2 1

1 2 3


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Review

Reviewed the types of tables found in Oracle anddiscussed equivalents in SQL Server for heaps, indexorganized tables and temporary tables

Discussed the supporting schema objects such asindexes and views

Examined the numeric, character and binary data types

Implementation of user-defined data types in Oracle andSQL Server

Comparison of block-level data storage

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M_04_1.00 Data Objects and Demos and Labs.pdf

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