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Imagery
The state of the kingdom under Macbeth’s rule reflects images of dismemberment in the witches brew There is dissention
among the Lords due to Macbeth’s evil deeds
He has “dismembered” Scotland with his evil deeds
Something Wicked This Way Comes
“By the pricking of my thumbs/Something wicked this way comes.” Indicates Macbeth’s
degeneration He is dehumanized
He is as evil as the witches
Catastrophic Events
Winds destroyed churches Break with God
Sea swallows ships Crops destroyed
Break with nature Castles and pyramids
crumble Break with ruling order
Upsetting the Social Order
To fulfill his ambition, Macbeth has upset the social order by killing Duncan
He is unable to control the supernatural elements Couldn’t eliminate Banquo’s
ghost Couldn’t make the witches
elaborated on prophecies Was unable to kill Fleance
Symbolism
“Pour in sow’s blood, that hath eaten/Her nine farrow; grease that’s sweeten/From the murderer’s gibbet throw into the flame.” Sow symbolizes Macbeth He has killed his own kin
Duncan Banquo
Demanding the Future
The three witches concoct a foul brew and chant over their cauldron
Macbeth demands to know the future
They show him four apparitions
First Apparition
The first apparition is a helmeted head
The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware Macduff, the Thane of Fife
Second Apparition
The second apparition is a blood child
He tells Macbeth to “Be bloody, bold and resolute! Laugh to scorn/The pow’r of man, for none of woman born/Shall harm Macbeth”
Third Apparition
The third apparition is a child crowned with a tree in his hand
He tells Macbeth that “Macbeth shall never vanquished be until/ Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/Shall come against him.”
Fourth Apparition
The fourth apparition is a show of eight kings and Banquo
The last king holds a mirror in his hand
This suggest an infinite number of descendents
Planning More Murders
The witches vanish when Lennox appears
Lennox reveals that Macduff has fled to England
After Lennox leaves, Macbeth resolves to kill Lady Macduff and her children
Why Kill Macduff?
Why will Macbeth kill Macduff despite the prophecy that no man “born of woman” can harm him? He wants to ensure
fate will not trick him He does not trust the
prophecies completely In trusting the witches,
he damns himself
Meanwhile at Fife
Macduff’s Castle Ross tells Lady Macduff her
husband has gone to England
She cannot understand why her husband left with out explanation
Accuses him of betraying his marriage vows
A Comparison
Lady Macduff and son exchange tender words
Comparison of son to a bird Innocent trapped Defenseless
Messenger arrives and tells them to flee
Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair
Lady Macduff says, “Wither should I fly?/I have done no harm. But I remember now/I am in this earthly world, where to do harm/Is often laudable, to do good sometime/Accounted dangerous folly.” No escape in a world where
evil acts are rewarded and good acts are overlooked
Flee for Your Life
Murderers arrive and kill Lady Macduff and her son
All Macduff’s children are killed
All Macduff’s servants are killed
In England
Macduff goes to England to secure Malcolm’s aid in fighting Macbeth
Malcom is wary because Macduff was a friend of Macbeth
Malcom believes Macduff may have been sent to England to trick him
Macduff sees that Malcolm does not trust him He prepares to leave
Testing Loyalty
Malcolm first tests Macduff’s loyalty to Scotland
Malcolm makes a comparison between himself and Macbeth States his sins are so
great that Macbeth’s sins would seem innocent in comparison
An Alliance is Formed
Macduff disagrees States that there is no one
more evil than Macbeth He would rather be allied
with Malcolm and all his imperfections than be loyal to Macbeth
Malcolm reveals it has all been a test and that he is chaste, honest, faithful, etc.
Imagery
Scotland is portrayed as a stabbed woman sinking “beneath the yoke,” weeping and bleeding and suffering a new wound every day.
Image recalls the murder of Lady Macduff
Difference Between Father and Son
Duncan Too trusting Deceived by two
traitors Malcolm
Tests Macduff for for his loyalty
Good News
Malcolm states an army is ready to attack Macbeth’s forces Siward with 10,000 men Large enough to conquer
Macbeth’s army
Synecdoche
Ross arrives with news from Fife
Breaks the news with sensitivity
“Let not your ears despise my tongue forever,/Which shall possess them with the heaviest sound/That ever yet they heard.” Don’t hate me for what I
am about to tell you
Bearer of Bad News
Ross reveals that Lady Macduff, the children and all the servants have been murdered
Macduff turns his shock and grief into anger
Prays to meet Macbeth in battle
A Definition of Manhood
Lady Macbeth Man takes advantage of
opportunity no matter what cost
Malcolm Man must be strong and
not give into grief Macduff
Man must strong, but be able to express the pain of grief