sniixtan ... read M ... (~Il) $-.

for Aus"r ... read Auhr .. . for ti ... read lti [OD < A (d I (M d\ P t\ N'-] until,

while, .within; so that. add 2ti [t'k' I N -]like, peer. for lUg ... read tig ... , add M t'g. delete 2 tiig .,. add tahm [thm I =M, N -I strong, bra.vc. and tiik [t' k' I N - 'vine'] branch.

tohm(ag) [twlllll(k') I M twllm, -g, N tUXlll, -a] ... read wanIgar [wnykJ] prodigal.

-Ih : prodigality, waste. wany [H(W)BDN < A hwbdn" V>bd I '" wany(b)udib [HWBDN'bwtyh, '"

add war-wezag [wl-w'yck'] aDdixtaD : cast lots. for whIg ... read -whIg [-w'cyk' I N -baz] -player. add wezag [w>yck'] lot.

wiyiban, -Ig ... add confusing. add WizarA [wyzl.§] a demon. for wizistan, ... read wizayldaD, wiziy- [wyz'd-ytn' ...

wlzudan ... = wiziyldaD. add xig [ZKYA < A zq' IN xr(k)lleather bag. delete xug ... (read hug). delete xukar(ag) ... (read hukar(ag».

xwaday ... read N xuday. xwarg '" add live coal.

for yud ... read yazad ... N fzad, yud. for yudin ... read yazadan ...

Amend English-Pahlavi Index and Pahlavi Key accordingly.

Appendix (p. 142)

(i) read Ard (AhliAwang). (ii) add WizarA.

(p. 143)

(vii) read 1 frarast, ardn ....

p. 166 [142] after SI add dig.

p. 179 [115] for karezar read karezar. p. 220 /33] for arg, halag read alag, halag.

A a- ['- 1 M '-] privative prefix, un-, -less. ii ['] then (generally with a suffixed pronoun, e.g. A-i). Ab [MYA.< A my';'p 1 M 'b, N ....... ] water. AbAd ['p't l 1 M 'b'd, N ....... ] populous, thriving, prosperous.

.......ih; prosperity. AbiidAn ['p't'n l 1 N ....... ] thriving, prosperous, cultivated.

....... ih: prosperity, cultivation. abAdlxia(y) ['p'thP(d), V. piidlxiii(y)] without authority, powerless.

....... ih: powerlessness; anarchy. abadyAwand ['p'tyd'wnd 1 J 'b'dywn<d)] powerless, weak •

....... ih:- powerlessness, weakness. abAg [LWTE < A lwt-h 1 M 'b'g, N (a)ba] with. -ih ['p'kyh] company, assistance. .

abAgenidan. abagen- ['p'kyn-ytnl] accompany. a-bahr ['b'hl] portionless, deprived. abam ['p'm 1 P 'b'myh, N (a)wam] loan, debt. Aban ['p'nl 1 M 'b'n, N ....... ]eal. 8th month; loth day. aband ['find, V. pand 1 M 'bnd] erring.

.......ih: error. labar [QDM < A qdm; 'PI 1 M 'br, N bar] up; on, over. - amadan: rise (sun) . ....... Axistan: rise up. ,..,. AxrAmidan: step up. ....... burdan: undertake. ,..,. madan: cope with, comprehend. ....... nlgeridan: consider. - nihumbidan; conceal. . ,..,. nliastan: sit, be enthroned. ,..,. nliAstan: seat, install. ....... rasidan: come to, upon. ,...,. rasidan ~: attain.

labar ['pI] higher, superior. -ag [-g 1 M 'brg] superior. ....... agAn(ag) [-k'n(k)l] superior. .......dar [-tl, 'wltll M 'brdr] higher . ....... dom [-twm 1 M 'brdwm] highest. -domih [-twmyh] superiority.

abargar ['plgl] god, divinity. pbarig(an) [,plyk{'n)'] = abarag. tbArig ['p'rykl 1 M 'b'ryg, J 'b'ry] other.

C 6884 B

abarmln 2

abarmAn ['plm'n'] in charge.

abarmlnd ['plm'nd] inheritance, privilege. abarmlniJ1 [,Plm'nykl] noble. abar-meniAn [,plmynlnl] proud, haughty. abar6n ['p'lwn l I N wariin] contrary, wrong, sinful. -ih: sin.

abar-6z ['pl'wc] stronger. -ih: mastery.

abd sahlstan

abar-tan ['Pltnl] arrogant. -ih: arrogance.

abarwk [,Plwyc I (M 'brwyj, N parwez)] triumphant, victorious. ,..,ih: triumph, victory.

abarzen, v. zmaAk. abaxA ['phi] repentant; regret. -ih: repentance.

abaxAAwand epkewnd] regretful. abaxAayldan, abaxAay- ['phl'd-ytn

' I M 'bxI'y-, N baxIiidan, boxlay-]

forgive, have mercy on. ...... IAn: mercy, forgiveness. ...... IAniJ1: forgiving, merciful.

labAxtar ep'htl I M 'b'xtr] planet. 'abAxtar ['p'htl I (N baxtar 'west')] north. abaydag [,pyekl, v. paydAJ11 M 'byd'g] invisible. -ih: invisibility.

ably-: abayed ep'ytl I M 'b'yd, N bayad] it is necessary, fitting; must ( + infinitive).

-1st ['p'dstl I N bayist] it was necessary. ,..,Istan ['p'dstnl] be necessary, fitting; desire, want. ...... IAn: necessity. -iAnig: necessary, fitting, seemly.

abAz [LAWHL < A P(w)1Jr; 'pc I M 'b'c, N baz, wa] back, again, re-. ,.., dAdan 6: attribute, ascribe to . ...... dlAtan: withhold, restrain, prevent. _ estiidan az: abandon, desist from. ...... kardan: open. _ kardan az: disengage from, wean. ,.., mAndan: remain behind. - pAdan: remain, stay . ...... raftan: issue, go forth. - waAtan 6 : turn into, become. ,.., wlrAstan: rearrange.

ablzslr [LAWHLs'l] rebellious. ,..,ih: rebellion. Ab-~ihrag ep cyhlkl] holding the seed, essence of water. abd ['pd I M '{3d, J 'bd-] wonderful. ,.., sahistan: seem wonderful (to) > marvel.

abdih

-ih: wonder. Ab-din ['pd'n

'] water-holder.

abdast ['pdstl] hand-guard.

3

abdom [,pdwm I M 'bdwm] last,final(ly). -ih: finality, end.

abd-sahist ['pdshst l] wonderful. abe- ['py(y)- I M 'by-, N bi] without, -less. --bar [-bl] fruitless. ......-beA [-by/] unharmed. --bim [-bym] fearless. ,..,-bimih: fearlessness. --b6y [-bwd] senseless. --b6yih: senselessness. --biid(ih) [-bwtl, -bwtyh] deficiency. --~im [-cym] without reason, cause.

abedln [,pyt'nl] of use, wanted. abe-I-gumln [-gwm'n l ] without doubt, certain. --gumAnih: certainty . --miza~ [-m(y)ck

'] tasteless .

--must [-mwstl] uncomplaining, content. --niyAz [-nyd'c] free from want. --6A [-'wll M 'bywl, N hihO/] senseless, unconscious. --6Aih: senselessness, unconsciousness.

aber ['pyl] very, much. abe-riih ['pyl's] erring. abesar ['pysll M 'bysr, N afsar] crown.

abklr

abesihenidan, abesihen- ['pshyn-ytnl, v. abesibidan] destroy. ""iAn(ih): destruction.

abesibidan, abesih- ['ps(y)h-ytn' I M 'bysyh-] perish, be destroyed • ,..,iAn(ih) : destruction, ruin.

abespArdan ['PSP'ltn l ) = abespurdan. abespurdan, abespAr- ['pspwltnl, 'psp'l- I M 'byspwrd, 'bysp'r-, N

sipurdan, si par-] commit, entrust, consign. abestAJ1 ['p(y)st'k'] Avesta, the Mazdean scriptures. abestam epst'm] = abestln • abestln ['pst'nl] refuge, support, trust. Abestan [,pystnl I P 'bystn, N abistan] = Abustan. abe-sud ['hji swtl ] profitless. -ih: profitlessness.

a-beA ['by/] harmless; unharmed, invulnerable. ,..,ih: harmlessness; invulnerability.

abe-I-winlh [-wn's I M 'bywn' I] innocent. --wizend [-wznd] harmless, invulnerable, safe.

abezag c>pyckl I M 'bycg, (N wiZa)] pure, holy. -ih: purity, holiness.

abeziir ['pyz'l, 'pyc'll N bizar] free.

abaandan 4

abgandan, abgan- [LMYTWN-tll' < A v rill'; 'pk,I-IM 'bgnd, 'bgn-, N afgan-dan] throw.

abgiir- ['pk'l-] provide, promote. iibgenag ['plJynk', MY AlJynk' 1 N abgina] crystal, glass. -en[-yn'] crystalline.

Abig epyk' 1 N abi] aquatic, watery. AbUag ['ptk' 1 N -a] blister. a-blm ['bym] fearless. Ab-kAmag ['pk'mk' 1 N -a] a thick, sour soup. abniis [>pnws 1 (N iibniU)] ebony. a-bOy ['bwd] senseless. -ih: senselessness.

abr ['bl, 'pt 1 N -] cloud. abrang ['ptng 1 N aurang] glory, splendour. abrAstan, abrAz- ['pPstn', 'pPc-1 M 'br'st, N (afriiltan), afriiz-] lift, raise. abraz ['pt'c 1 N ajriiz] acclivity. abreAom ['ptyl(w)m 1 M 'brylwm, N -] silk. -en [-yn'] silken.

abrOxtan, abrOz- [,plwhtn', 'ptwc- 1 M 'brwxt, 'brwc-, N afroxtan, afroz-] light, kindle, illuminate, polish.

-IAn(ih): illumination. ab-tazan [,pten'] watercourse. a-bun C'bwn'] baseless, bottomless. a-burd-framan ['bwltplm'n'] disobedient. -ih: disobedience.

aburnAy[,p(w)ln'd, v. pumay 1 N buma] under age, child. -ih: childhood.

aburnAyag ['p(w)ln'(d)yk'] child. abu8 ['fiws] (woman) having just given birth. -ih: childbirth.

Abus, -tan [>pws, -tnl 1 M 'bwws, v. Abestan] pregnant. -ih: pregnancy.

abyOxtan, abyOz- ['pywhtn', ,Pywc_] join, mix. ab-zan ['pznl 1 N -] bath. labzar ['pc'l, 'pz'll M 'bc'r, N afziir] instrument, means; spice. • abzar ['pz'll M 'bz'r] skill, power; powerful. -6mand [-'wmnd] skilled, able.

abzAy-, -IAn, v. abzQdan. abZOn ['pzwnl 1 M, J 'bzwn, N afzun] increase, growth. -ig [-yk l ] increasing, expansive, bountiful. -igih: bountifulness.

abzQdan, abzAy- ['pzwtnl, 'pz'd- 1 M 'bz'y-, N afzUdan, afziiy-] in­crease, grow.

-IAn: increase, growth. a-~Ar ['c'l] inevitable. -ag [-kl] compelled.

a-dAd 5

a-dAd ['d't l], a-dadestiin ['-D YN A, -d'tst'n'] illegal, unjust. -ih: injustice, illegality.

a-dahm ['d'hm] uninitiated. -adan [-'tn' I P -, dn, N -] suffix forming secondary i1lfinitives. a-din ['d'n' I M 'd'n] ignorant. -ih: ignorance.

-AdAn [,t'n l ] wealthy, solvent; wealth. -ih: wealth.

a-dard [,dltl] painless. AdarOg ['tlwkl], ataxA i - : the simplest kind of sacred fire. adehig [' dhykl] indigenous, domestic. aden ['tynl I M'dyn] entry. -aden- ['dyn- I = M] bring, lead. AdlAt [>tylt'] fire-stand. a-dlAtag [,dyltk'] -uninformed. Adiig [,twkl I M "dwg] capable.

-ag

Adur [,twrl ! M 'dwr, N iidar] fire; the god 'Fire'; cal. 9th month; 9th day. adurestar ['twrystl] ashes. -en [_ynl] ashen.

Adur-giih ['twrg's] fire altar. Afrah ['pi's I M "pr'''] teaching, doctrine. a-frasAwand ['pls'wnd] imperishable. Afridan, afrin- I afur- ['ptytnl, 'plyn-, 'fiwl- I 1\1 'p(w)ryd, 'pwr-, P

'fryn-, N iifaridan, iifarin-] praise, bless; create. Afrin ['pryn' I M 'pryn, N iifarin] praise, blessing. -agin [-k'n'] Afrinagan prayers.

afrOAag ['plwlk' I N - a] a sweetmeat made of flour, butter, and honey. -afsalAn ['ps'l'n' I (N iibsiiliin)] springtime. afsan ['ps'nl I (M "ps'ng), N afsiina] story, fable. afsardan, afsar- ['psl-tn'] cool down. afsardan, afsar- [>ps'l-tnl] cool, freeze, extinguish. -IAn: cooling.

afsAy-, v. afsiidan. afsenistan, afsen- ['psyn-stnl, v. abesihen-idan] destroy. -IAn: destruction .

afsOn [,Pswnl I N afsun] spell, incantation. afsOs ['psws I N -] scorn, mockery. -gar [-gl] moeker.

afsQdan, afsay- [,pswtn', 'fis'd-] enchant, protect by spell. afAandan, afAan- ['pl,n_tnl I N -] spread, scatter, sow. afAArdan ['pl'ltn' IN -] = afAurdan. afAurdan, afAar- ['plwltn', 'pl'l- I N -] press, compress, crush. Afuridan, iifur- ['fiwl-ytn', v. Afridan] create. -IAn: creation.

-ag [_hi I M -g, N -a] suffix forming (i) adJectives, from nOllns and t'erbal stems, (ii) 1I01l1is, from adJectit,t's and present stems.

6

-Ag [-'hi I M -'g, N -a] suffix forming agent nouns from present stems. a-gilh [>g's] without rank. Agilh [>h's I M 'g'(h), N -] aware, knowing. -ih: knowledge. Agilh~nidan, Agilh~n- [>h'syn-ytnl] inform. Agandan. Agan- [,hn-dnl I P »gnd, N -] fill, stuff. a-ganJ ['knc I] penniless. agar [HT, for A hn I M 'gr, N -] if. agAr ['h'll M 'g'r-] inactive, powerless. -ih: inactivity, impotence. agAr~nidan. agAren- ['h'lyn-ytnl] render powerless. agArihistan, agArih- [>h'lyh-stn' I M 'g'ryyh-] become powerless. ag-den ['h-, 'gdyn'] of evil religion, infidel. -ih: heterodoxy, non-Mazdean religion. Agen~n [>h(y)nyn' I M (»'g(y)nyn] together. Ag~A ['kw/l (P 'gwc), N a"ol] embrace. a-g~wAg [>gwb'hl] speechless, dumb. ayre [>y-, 'hIyj = Av. ayrya-] highest, greatest. Agrlft [,glptl = Av. agi1ri1pta-] crime, offence; a degree of sin. a-grlftAr ['glpt'l] intangible, impalpable. a-gumin [,gwm'nl] without doubt, certain. a-gumeg [>gwmyhl I M )gwmyg] unmixed, pure. -ih: purity.

Agustan [,kwstnl I M »gwst] hang up, suspend. Ahan [,h(y)nl, 's(y)nl I M »hwn, N -] iron. -en ['synynl] iron, of iron. -gar [-kl I N~] blacksmith.

ilhang ['hng] pull, draught. ilhanJidan [,hncytn l ] = ilhixtan. ahanilz ['hnwc I M 'hnwn-c, N haniiz] yet, still. Ahen = ilhan, q.v. Ahid [>hyt

' I M (»)hyd] stain, impurity; confused.

~ih: pollution; confusion. ihixtan, AhanJ- [,Mtn

', )hnc- I M 'hxtn, (>hynz-), N ahixtan, -] draw

out, pull up, extract. ahlA [,ht>y I (M -'hr'y)] righteous (of Sr(/). ahlaw ['hIwbl I M )hlw] righteous. -ih: righteousness.

ahlaw-dAd [>h!wb d)t'] alms, charity.

ahlAyIh ['ht>dyh] righteousness. ahIom~y ['hlmwhl I M 'hlmwg] heretic. -ih: heresy. ilh~g ['hwkl I M »hwg, N aM] fault, blemish. Ah~g~nidan, Ah~g~n- ['hfvkyn-ytnl] defile. a-homilnilg ehwm'n'k

'] unlike.

ah~A ehwl] deathless, immortal.

i(

ahMlh

-ih: immortality. ihr [>hl] dread, fury.

7 amAwand

ahrilftan, ahrim- [>hl)ptnl, 'h!)m- I M 'hr'ptn, 'hr'm-] raise, lead up. Ahreman [>hl(y)mnl i M 'hrmyn, N~] the Evil Spirit. AhriAwang [>h!ylwng] = Ard. Ahilg [TYBA < A Iby'; 'hwkl I M (»'hwg, N ahU] gazelle. ahunawar [>hnwl] the)J.oliest prayer, beginning Ya8a aM wairyo. a-hunsand ['hwnsnd] dissatisfied. -ih: dissatisfaction. .

ahy [KZY < A h-zy I M 'hy] soon(est), first. ajgahiln [>Igh)nl I M 'jgWn, N aigahan] lazy, indolent. ~ih: laziness, indolence.

ak [>kl I N dk] evil, harm. -ak [-hi I N ~] diminutive suffix. a-kAmagOmand [>k'mk)wmnd] unwilling. a-kanirag [>kn)lkl I M 'qn)rg] unlimited, boundless. ~ih: boundlessness.

a-kard ekrtl I (M 'gyrd)] not done, undone. Ak~man ['kwmn' I M 'qwmn] Evil Thought, an arch-demon. ak~mand [> k'wmnd] evil, harmful. alA ['l'y] oh I alas! Alag [STLA, STRA < A SIr'; 'lhl I (M »rg)] side. alAlag [>l'lhl I N lala] anemone. MAy-, v. AUidan. Aleksandar ['thsndll M '!xsyndr, N Ishandar] Alexander (of Macedon). almAs(t) ['tm's(tl) I (M 'rm's), N aImas] steel; diamond. ilQ(iag [>lwth'] defiled, polluted. ~Ih: defilement.

illildan, illAy- elwtnl, 'I'd- I (M 'rwd), N ~] defile, pollute. Aluh ['lwh I M »Iwf, N ~] eagle. Mum ['lwm] millet. amil [LNE < A l-nh I M )m'h, N mal we, us. ilmadan, Ay- [YATWN-tnl < Ay'twn, ";'th I M 'mdn, »y-, N~] come. amahraspand ['mhrspnd I M (»mhr'spnd] a Holy Immortal. a-mar [>ml] countless, innumerable. Amilr [>m)11 N ~] reckoning, consideration. ilmilr- em'l-] reckon, calculate. ~iAn: reckoning.

a-marag [>mlkl] countless. amaragiln [,mlk'n l ] generality, commonalty. -ig [-yh

'] general.

~ihA [-yh'] in general, generally. a-marg [>mlg] deathless, undying. ~ih: deathlessness, immortality.

amArgar [>m'lgll N ~] reckoner. amawand [>m'wnd] powerful, strong.

amAwandih 8

amAwandih: power, strength. ambag ['mbk l I N anbaJiit] a preserve, conserve. ambar ['mbl, 'nbll Ar. eanbar] ambergris. ambarag ['mblkl I N anbara] hairless (animal). P amburdan [h/'mbwltn

' I P 'mb'r-] = hambiiridan.

a-menidar ['mynyt'l] unthinking.

ana gran

amextan, amez- ['myhtnl, 'myc- I M 'myxtn, 'myz-, N -] mix. -lin: mixture; element.

Amiz ['myc] side dish, vegetables. iimoxtan, iimoz-, read hammlixtan, hammliz-. Amurdiid ['m(w)rdtl I N murdiid] Immortality, the sixth Amahraspand,

guardian of plants and food; cal. 5th month; 7th day. Amurzidan, amurz- ['mwlc-ytn' I M 'mwrz-yd, N -] forgive, pity, have

mercy on. -lsn: mercy, forgiveness.

P amwastan [h/,mwltn'

I P 'mwlt] gather, collect. an- ['n- I M 'n-] prevocalic privative prefix, un-, -less. An [ZK < A zk; 'n l I M h'n, N -] that, he. - i: that of; with a qualifier preceding a noun, equivalent to a following i

e.g. An i ahIawan ruwan = ruwiin i ahIawan, the souls of the righteous.

-An [_'nl I M -'n, N -] suffix forming (i) present participles, (ii) adverbs, (iii) plurals.

AnAb-, -lin, v. iiniiftan. an-AbAdiin en'pt>nl] uncultivated. an-abaxiAwand ['n'phl'wnd] unrepentant. -ih : unrepentance.

an-abay en'p'd] unfitting, improper. an-abediin ['n'pyt>nl] useless, unwanted. -ih: uselessness.

anAbuhlag ['n'pwhlk'

=Av. aniip;mJ(Ja-] inexpiable, unatonable; the highest degree of sin.

an-abzAr ['n'pz'l] unskilled, incapable. -ih: inability.

an-adiin en't'nl] insolvent. -ih: insolvency.

an-idOg [,n'twkl] incapable. an-afseniin en'psynlnl] indestructible. iinAftan, iinab- ['n'ptnl, 'n'p- I M 'n'pt, (,n'm-)] avert, reject, frustrate. -lin: avoidance, warding off.

anAg ['n'k' I M 'n'g] evil. -ih: evil, harm.

an-AgAh ['n'k's I N niigiih] unaware, unwitting. anAg-kardar ['n'k

' krt'l], -kunisn [-kwnlnl] evil-doer, maleficent.

anagr ['ngl] infinite. -an [_'nl I M 'nyr'n] Infinite Light; cal. 30th day.

anagr-rliin(ih) 9

--rlisn(ih) [-lwln', -lwlnyh] Infinite Light.

anihid ['n'hytl I N niihid] immaculate; a goddess; astr. Venus. an-Ahlig ['n'hwkl] undefiled. an-AIOd ['n'lwtl] undefiled. a-nam~iitig ['n'mcltykl] unspecified. an-amurzid ['n'mwlcyt

' I M 'n'mwrzeyd] merciless.

an-amurziin en'mwlcln'] mercilessness. anAr ['n'll N -] pomegranate. anirgel ['n'lgyll N niirgel] coconut. an-arzAnig ['n'lc'nykl] undeserving, unworthy. an-ast ['nA YT'] non-existent. -ih: non-existence.

AnAst ['n'st l] spoilt, destroyed. -ih: destruction.

AnAstag ['n'stkl] = AnAst. an-AstawAn ['n-'stwb'nl, -'stwp'nl] disbelieving. -ih: disbelief.

an-AStib ['n'ltyh] discord, enmity; disquiet, unrest. inay-, v. anidan. an-ayad ['n'byd'tl] forgotten. an-Azarm ['n'clm] without respect, dishonoured. -ih: dishonour. -ig [-yk'] dis-, un-honoured.

and ['nd I = M, N -] so much, many. - tand [,ndend] as much as, however much.

-andag, v. -endag. andig ['nd'kl I P 'nd'g] sorrow. -(g)en [-(k)ynl I P 'nd'gyn] sad, sorrowful.

andak endkl I = M, N -] little, few.

anerih

andar [B YN < A byn I M 'ndr, N -] in, among, towards, concerning. - abiy~d: it is necessary. - imadan: come in, enter. - iwurdan: bring about, produce. - bOdan: be contained in. - iudan: enter, set (sun). - wldardan: outstrip.

andarag [,ndlg] in, between, among. andarmAh ['ndlm'h] new moon. andarlin ['ndlwn

' I M 'ndrwn, N -run] inside, within.

andarwiy ['ndlw'd I (P 'ndrw'z)] air, atmosphere. -ig [-yk l ] of the air, atmospheric.

and-tand, v. and. andlih [,ndwh I M 'ndwx-, N -] sorrow. -g~n [-/m I I N -gin] sad, sorrowful.

aner ['nl .1'l] non-Aryan, ignoble. ~ih: ignobility, barbarity.

aneriln 10

aneran [,n>yl'nl] non-Eran, the world beyond Eran. an-erang [,n'ylng] blameless. an-eapas [,nsp's] ungrateful. -ih: ingratitude.

a-puraiinig

anguben [nWBSYA < A dbl: 'ngpynl 1 N angubin] honey. angur [ANBE < A cnb': 'ngwll N -] grape. angust ['ngwstl 1 (N angult)] finger, toe; unit of length (1 in.). -arig [-lykl] finger ring. -ban [-p'n l ] finger-guard, -stall.

ilnidan, Anay- [HYTYWN-tnl < Ahyty,"; 'th; 'nytnl] bring, lead. anig ['nykl 1 (N pilani)] front, forehead. ani-z [AHRN(y)e, v. any 1 N nio3'] other also. anJir ['neyll N -] fig. anOdag ['nwtkl 1 M 'nwdg] strange, alien. -ig [-yk l ] foreign.

ilnOh, -anOy [TME < A tmh 1 M 'nwh, 'wy] there. an-Ost ['n'wstl] infirm, unreliable. anOA ['nwl] lit. immortal, i.e. the next life: elixir, antidote. - xwardan: risk death, fight to the death.

anOAag ['nwlkl 1 M 'nwlg, N -a] immortal. -ih: immortality. --ruwAn [-lwb'n'] the late, deceased.

an-OAmar ['n'wlm'l] countless, innumerable. anOi-xwar ['nwlhwl] mortal. -ilnOy,v. anOh. anAahrig [,nltrlykl] slave. an-ummed ['n>wmytl 1 J 'nwmyd, N naumed] hopeless, despairing. an-uspurrig [,n'w.rpwlykl] imperfect. any [AHRN < A '~rn; (corruptly, ZK'y = -an-i) 1 M 'n6')] other. a-pattOg ['ptwkl] impatient. a-payman ['ptm'n l ] immoderate. -ih: immoderation.

-apedag ['pytk l 1 P 'pyd(g)] lost, stray. -dilr [-d'l] custodian of stray animals.

a-petitig ['ptytykl] unrepentant, unconfessed. -ih: unrepentance.

a-petyarag ['P(y)tyd'lkl] without misfortune, unassailed. a-pOhiAn [,pwhln

'] incorruptible.

appar ['pI 1 M 'pr] robbery, theft. appar ['p'l] taken away, removed. -ih: removal, loss, deprivation.

apparag ['Jilg] robber. appurdan, appar- [YHNCLWN-tnl < A yhn§lwn, ..; 1lf1; 'Jil- 1 M

'pwrd, 'p(w)r-] steal. -IAn: stealing, theft.

a-pursisnig ['pwrslnyk'] irresponsible.

a-pus II

a-pus [' BRE] without a son, childless. ilr-, v. ilrdan. ilranJ ['lne 1 N -] elbow. -a-rilst ['r'st l ] untruth. ilrastan, arily- ['l'.ftnl, 'l'd- 1 N -] prepare, arrange, adorn. -iAn: arrangement, adornment.

a-rawilg [,lwb'kl] immobile. Ard ['lt l 1 M 'yrd, N -] a goddess: eal. 25th day. Ard [KHMA < A qm~': 'ltl 1 N -] flour. ardil ['It'y 1 (M 'rd'w)] righteous, truthful. ardan, ilr- [THNN-tn l < A"; t!ln: 'l-tnl] grind, mill. ardilyih ['It'dyh 1 M 'rd'yyh] righteousness, rectitude. ardlg ['ltykl 1 M 'rdyg] battle. ardikkar ['ltykkl, -811 M 'rdyqr] warlike, warrior. -ih: doing battle.

arduA ['ldwl = Av. ar~dul-] a degree of sin.

ilrzGg

~dwahiAt ['rtwhltl I M 'rdywhylt, (N urdibihilt)] Right, the second Amahraspand, guardian of fire: eal. 2nd month: 3rd day.

areAk ['lylkl 1 M (')rylk, N ralk] envy, jealousy. -en [_ynl] envious, jealous.

ilreAn ['lln l I M "ryln-, N (a)ril] cubit. aryand ['lgnd I N -] horrible. argawiln ['lgwk'nl I N aryawan] purple. armeAt ['lmyltl] inactive, infirm. -ih: infirmity.

armeit-gilh [-g's] secluded place for the infirm. ilrOyiAn ['lwdlnl] growth. -ig [-yk l ] growing, vegetable.

ars ['Is I M 'rs, N -] tear (drop). arteAtilr ['ltylt'll N artildar I] warrior. -ih: warriorhood.

arus ['lws] white. arwand ['lwnd] swift, valiant: river Orontes. -ih: swiftness, valour.

arwes ['lwys I M 'rwys, N -] rope. arz [KSPI < A ksp: 'le 1 N -] worth, value. Arzah ['lz'h = Av. ar~o3'ahi-] the eastern continent of the earth. arzan [Pg < A prg': 'lenl I N -] millet. arzAn ['le'n I M 'ro3"n, N -] valuable, worthy. -ig [-yk

'] worthy.

-igih: value, worth, worthiness. arzidan, arz- ['le-ytn l I N -] be worth. -IAn: value, worth.

arziz ['leye I M ',·zyz, N -] tin, lead. -en [-yn l ] tin, leaden.

arzOg ['lewk' I M 'wrzwg, N arz6] desire, lust.

arz~mand 12

arz~mand ['lc'wmnd / (N arjumand)] valuable, worthy. -ih: value, worth.

Arzilr [,lzwl] a demon; a mountain at the mouth of hell. a-sag ['s'k l / M 's'g] innumerable, countless. asiin ['s'n l / N -] at rest, easy, peaceful. -ih: rest, ease, peace.

a-sar ['sl] endless. Asay-, -iAn, v. Asiidan. a-sazag ['sc'k l] unfitting, unsuitable. a-saziAn/ig [,scln-ykl] imperishable, permanent. -ih: imperishability, permanence.

a-seJ ['syc] free from danger. asem ['sym / = M, N sim] silver. -en [-ynl / N -in] silver(n).

asmAn ['sm'nl / = M, N asman] sky, heavens; cal. 27th day. asn ['m l ], - xrad: innate wisdom. asnidag ['mytk

'] = asniidag.

asniid(ag) ['mwt(k)l] cleansed, purified; pure, noble. a-s~hiAn ['swhlnl) unfeeling. asp [SWSYA < A swsy'; 'sp / N -] horse; (chess) knight. aspiiniir ['sp'nwl] tomb. a-spAs ['sp's] ungrateful. aspast ['spstl / N -] clover, lucerne. aspinJ [,spnc / P (spynj, N sipanj] hospitality; inn. aspres [,splys / N -] race-course. asr~ ['slwkl = Av. aOrawa] priest. -ih: priestly office. isr~-kerpa [,slw(k)lklpk = Av. aOro kahrp-] the form of fire. isr~n ['slwnl = Av. aOrawan-] priest. last [A YTI < A 'yty I M 'st, N -] is, exists. -ih: existence.

·ast(ag) ['st(k)1 I M 'st(g), N hasta] bone; (fruit) stone. astiinag ['st'nkl] need, misfortune. -Gmand [-'wmnd] needy.

istAr ['st'l/M 'ser] sin. istirenidan, istiren- [,st'lyn-ytnl] cause to sin. istawiin ['stwb'nl, 'stwp'nl I M "stw'n] confessing, professing. -ih: confession, belief.

astGdan ['stw(k)d'nl / M 'stwd'n] sepulchre, ossuary. astGmand [,st'wmnd] corporeal, material. -ih: corporeality.

astuxiin [,sth(w)'nl I N ustux"'an] bone. astwand ['stwnd / = M] = astGmand. AstwihAd ['stwyd'tl] the demon of death. iisiidan, isay- ['SWIII I , 's'd- I N -] rest, repose. -isn: rest, peace.

isildan

I t I , I

I'

I 'I

I' I

aswir 13

aswiir ['swb'l, 'spw'l/ N su'war] horseman, rider. -ih: horsemanship, riding.

asyab ['sy'p] (water-)mill. asyag ['sy'k l I N asya] mill(-stone). BA ['I] the evil eye.

Awenidan

aAixtan, AAinJ- ['/yhtn' , 'Inc- I P '/yxt] pour, flow, overflow. BAkamb [KL§.E < A krs'; 'Ikmbl I M (Ikmb, N likam] belly, womb. -ag [-kl I N likamba] = aAkamb.

askarAg ['Ik'l(')kl I M 'Iq'rg, N Mkara] obvious, evident. -ih: revelation, confession.

aAkarAgenidan ['Ik'l'kyn-ytnl] reveal, confess. BAk~b ['Ikwp / N dlki5(b)] roof, ceiling. aAkom(b) ['Ikwm(b l )] = askamb. BAma [1,~WM < A l-kwm I M 'Im'(h), N mma] you (pi.). aAnag ['In'k l / M "In'g, N afna] known. AAnawAg ['Inw'k l I M 'lnw'g, N funawa] hearing. -ih: (sense of) hearing.

AAniidan, AAnaw- [OSMEN-tnl < A ..; fm(; 'Inwtnl I M 'lnwdn, 'lnw-, N mniidan, mnaw-] hear, understand.

-iAn: hearing. BAG ['!wkl = Av. alawa] righteous. AAGb ['!wp / P "!wb, N -] disturbance, turmoil. AAtAd ['It't l / M 'It'd, N -] the goddess Rectitude; cal. 26th day. aAtag ['Itkl] messenger. -ih: mission.

aAtar ['Itl] whip. Aitih ['ftyh I M "It, N Mti] peace. AiwahiAt ['!whltl] = ArdwahiAt. AAyAn(ag) r.fyd'n(k)1 I (M 'hy'ng), N alYana] nest, lair. ataxA ['thl = Av. atarl I N ata!] fire. AwAdag ['wb'tkl I J 'w'd] generation. awahan ['wb'hn

'] fortified place, stronghold.

AwAm ['wb'm I M 'w'm] time, season. -Iwand [-'wnd I M -'w(y)nd] suffixfarming adjectives of quality. awar [LPNME < A l-pn-h I M 'wr] hither! come! Awar-, v. Awurdan. a-wardAg ['wlt'kl] undeviating. a-wardiinig ['wltlnyk'] immutable. -ih: immutability.

iwariAn ['wblfn' / M 'wryln] abode, home. a-warzid ['wlcytl] untilled. .AwAA-, v. ·AwiAtan. iwaz ['p'c / N -] voice, sound. a-waziAnig ['wclnykl] immobile. iwenidan, iwen- ['wyn-ytnl / (P 'bwyn-)] admonish, blame. -iAn: blame, reproach.

AweniAnig: blameworthy. a-weniAnig ['wynfnyk l ] invisible. awerag [>wylk'] = awerin.

14

awerin [>wyPnl, 'pyl'n' I N weran] desolate, ruined. awestAd ['wst't l I M 'Wj'st'd, N ostad] master (craftsman). awestAm [>w.st'm I M 'wyst'm] province, district. awestarag [>w.stlk

' I N ustura] razor.

ayAb-

awestardan, awestar- ewstl-tn' I P 'wy.str-, N suturdan] wipe; shave. -IAn: wiping.

awestwAr ew.stwb'll M 'wystw'r, N ustuwar] firm, reliable. -ih: reliability, firmness.

aweAAn [OLEI'n, v. 6y I M 'wyl'n, N elan] they, those. a-winAh [>wn'.s] innocent. a-winast ['wn.rt l ] unharmed, immaculate. awlA [>wbll M 'wyl] to him, it; po.stposition (= 0) to. awiAtAb [>wlt'p I M 'wylt'b, N litab] oppression. P awlAtAdan, awlAt- ewlt-'tnl I P 'wylt'dn] stand. awlitAftan, awiAtilb- ewlt'p-tn' I M 'wylt'b-, N lita/tan, litiib-]

oppress; hasten (tr.). ·ilwiAtan, ·ilwAi- [HTYMWN-tn' < A fitym, .; fitm; 'wbltnl I M

'wylt] seal. a-wlyAbilnig ewyd'p'nyk' I N biyiibani] astr. fixed (star). a-wiziriAnig ewcyllnykl] unavoidable, inevitable. ilwurdan, ilwar- [YHYTYWN-tnl < A hyty, .; 'th I M "wrd, 'wr-,

N -] bring. ilxezidan [>hycytn

'] = ilxistan.

Axistan, ilxez- [>hstn', 'hyc- I M 'xyst, 'xyz-] rise, stand up. IxrAmidan, IxrAm- ['hPm-ytnl I M 'xr'm-, N xiram-idan] stride, strut. axtar ehtll M 'xtr, N -] star, constellation, sign of the zodiac. axtar(il)milr ['htW)m'l] astrologer. -i,b: astrology.

laxw [>hw'] being, existence, world. laxw [>hw' I M 'wx] mind, will; vital force. 'axw ehw'l lord. a-xwamn ehwmn'] sleepless. axwiln ['hw'n'l ~ laxw. a-xwilrih ['hw'lyh] unhappiness. ilxwarr ehwll N axur] manger, stable. --sillAr [-srd'l] head groom.

a-xwai [' BSYM] unpleasant; unhappy. -ih: unhappiness.

a-xweAkAr [>hwylk'l] undutiful. ay ['y I N -] that is to say. Ay-, v. Amadan. ayilb ['ywp I M 'y'b, N ya] or. ayilb- v. ayilftan.

, ayAblg 15

ayilblg [>Y'pe)k'] acquisitive, receptive. -ih: comprehension.

ayAd [>byd'tl I M 'y'd, N yad] memory. -- kardan: remember. -gAr [-k'll N -gar] memoir.

azarmigih

ilyaft [>dypt' I M »ypt, N ayift] boon, favour, gift. ayMtan, ayilb- [>y'p-tnl I M 'y'pt, 'y'b-, N ya/tan, yab-] obtain, acquire,

attain. ayilr [hdyb'll M hy'r, N yar] helper, friend. -ih: help, friendship.

ayilrdenidan, ayArden- ['y'ltyn-ytn l] boil, agitate. -IAn: agitation.

aylrdidan, ayilrd- [>y'lt-ytn'

I M 'y'rd-] be agitated, seethe. ayAridan, ayilr- [hdyb'l-ytn

' IN yar-idan] I. help, assist; 2. be able, dare.

ayilrOmand [hdyb'Z>wmnd I N yarmand] helpful, friendly. -ih: helpfulness, friendliness.

ayAsidan, ayAs- [>bg'.s-ytn'

I M 'y's-] remember, be mindful of. -lAn(ih): memory.

ayAstan ['byg'stn' I M 'y'5t] = ayilsidan.

AyiAm ['dlm] moon. ayOxiust eywkhlwstl = Av. ayoxlusta- I M "ywxlyst I] metal. -en [_ynl] metallic.

AyOxtan, ilyOz- [>ywhtnl, 'ywe-] join, yoke. -lAn: union, alliance.

lilyOzidan [>ywcytnl] = lyOxtan. .. 'ilyOzidan, ayOz- ['ywc-ytnl I P »ywlt, »ywz-] trouble, dlsturb; strive,

struggle. --IAn(ih): endeavour, strife.

laz [MN < A mn; he I M 'c, 'z, N -] from, than. 'az ['e l ] dragon. ·az [ANE < A 'nh I P 'z] I. Az ec I M "z, N -] greed, lust. azabar [he pi I M 'c 'br, N zabar] above. ilzId et't l I M "z'd, N -] I. noble; 2. free. IzAdih ec'tyh] I. freedom; 2. gratitude, thanks. _ guftan, _ hangilrdan, - kardan, pad - dilStan: thank, give

thanks. AzAr ec'll N -] torment. Izardan ['cltn

' I M Uzyrdn] = IzArdan.

AzArdan, Azilr- [>c'l-tnl I N -] torment, injure. -lin: torment, injury.

lilzarm [>clm I M »zrm, N -] honour, respect. lilzarm ['clm I M »zrm-] harm, injury. a-zarmin [>zlm'n'] ageless, unaging. Izarmig [>clmykl] honoured, respected. -ih: honour, respect.

azbAy­ 16 bAlen

azbAy- [>zb'd-] invoke. -lsn: invocation.

azd [,zd I = M] known. Azdahag [>eydh'k' I M 'zdh'g, (N aidaha)] a legendary 'dragon' king,

Dahiig. azdenidan, azden- ['zdyn-ytn'] inform. azer [hcdll N zer] below, under. azg ['zg IN azy] branch. azis [hef I M 'eyf, 'zyf] from him, it: postposition (= az) from. --keh [-ks] inferior, subordinate. --meh [-ms] superior.

az-kAmag ['ek'mk'] greedy. -ih: greediness.

azmudan, azmay- ['zmwtn', 'zm'd- I N ti-] = uzmildan. aznawar ['zn'wll M 'zn] noble. azraw-, v. azruftan. azray- [>zr'd-] adorn. azruftan, azraw- [(')zlwp-tn' I M (zrw-] go out, be extinguished. azurdan ['ewltn' I N -] = azardan. Azwar ['ewll N -] greedy. -ih: greed.

b-,v. budan. babr [bpll N -] tiger. babrag [bplk'] beaver. -bad, v. -bed. bidag [b'tk' I N -a] wine, must.

B

bAy [b'g I (M b'w), N -] garden, orchard. bayobaxt [bkwbht', b'gwkb'ht' = Av. bayo.baxta-] fortune dispensed

by the gods, providence. bahr Whll M bhr, N -] part, portion, share, lot. bahrag [b' hlk'], (az) in - riiy: on that account. bahromand [b'hl'wmnd I N bahramand] divisible, composite: pros­

perous. -ih: compositeness; prosperity.

bahrwar [b'hlwll N bahrawar] endowed, provided: -ih: endowment, provision, advantage.

bAJ Wc IN -] tribute, tax. balAdur [bl'twr I N -] marking nut. balag [b'lk' I N bal] wing. bAIAy [b'l'd I N bala] height, stature. 1blHen Wlyn'] top, peak. IbAlen [b'lyn' I N balin] cushion, pillow.

biilen-gih 17

--gih [-g's] sleeping-platform, bench, couch. biUst [b'lyst' I (M b'ryst)] highest: summit: altr. exaltation. -ih: highness, exaltedness. -ig [-yk'] on high, exalted.

baUs [b'lfn' ! I N -] cushion, pillow. barn [b'm I = M] brilliance, glory, splendour. biimblsn [MLKTA < A mlkt'; b'nbIn' I M b'nbyfn] queen. biimdad Wmd't' I M b'md'd, N -] dawn, morning. biimig [b'myk'] brilliant, glorious. -ban [-p'n' I M -b'n, N -] suffix, -keeper, -guard. band [bnd I = P, N -] bond, link. band-, v. bastan. bandag [bndk' I P bndg, N -a] servant. bang [bng I N -] henbane. bAnilg [b'nwk' I N banu] lady. bar [bll N -] fruit, produce, profit. bar-, -lsn, v. burdan. Ibiir [b'll N -] time, occasion. Ibiir [b'll N -] bank, shore. -bar [b'l I M b'r, N -] fruit. 'bar [b'll M b'r, N -] load, burden; duty. barag [b'lk' I N -a] mount, horse. barbut [blbwt' I N -] lyre. barestan [b'lst'n'] patient,resigned. -ih: patience, resignation.

bArig/k [b'lyk' I N barik (cf. tiirig)] thin, fine, subtle. biir-Jamag [b'ly'mk' I N -a] saddle-bag. barGmand [bl'wmnd I N -] fruitful, prolific.

bayaspln

barsom [blswm I M brswm] the bunch of twigs used in the Yasna cere­tnony.

badnum [blfnwm] the major purification ritual. bastan, band- [ASLWN-tn' < A'; 'sr; bltn', bnd- I M bltn, (bn-), P

bnJ·, N -] de, bind. bbtan Wst',.1 I M b'yst'n, N -] always, often. bU [YHWWNf I M b'f, N -] bel (imperative of bud an, q.v.) bdkut [blltwe] gryphon. baAn [bin' I = P] top, peak: stature: mane (v. bus). baW"t-lAn, v. bndan. ba"'-, -iAn, v. baxtan. bllxt [b(')ht' I N -] fortune, fate. baxtan, baxA- [HLKWN-tn' < A"; tJlq; b(')htn', bhf- I M bxt, bxf-, N

baxruian] apportion, distribute. -lsn: bestowal, distribution.

bay [ORHYA < A 'Ih: bk', bg I M by] god, lord. lm ,.",: his Majesty. Gy -: his late Majesty.

bayaspAn [by'sp'n'] messenger, envoy.

p~"8' C

bayaspilnih

bayaspilnlih: mission, embassy. -ig [-yk'] post-(horse).

bilz Wc I N -] hawk, falcon. bilzA We'y I (N bazu)] arm. -bAnag [-p'nk'] arm-guard, brassard. baza~ [bek' I M bzg, N ~a] sin, evil. -ih: = bazag.

bazakkar [bekkll M bzkr] sinful, sinner. . bilzil-zanilnih We'y zn!nyh = Av. biizu.jata-] a degree of Sin.

bazlln [beln'] division, part.

bazm [bzm I = M, N -] meal, feast. --ilwurd [-'wlt

' I N -] a sort of canape.

IbA [BRA < A br' I M b'] but; out; - .•. (enyil), except. _ •.• enyil ••. ne: except ... (otherwise) ... not.

blzelk

- az: without. fu . Ibe [BRA I M b', N bi-] particle with verbs, with 0, of indefinable netton. -bed [-pt l I M -byd, N -ba/i/ud] suffix, -lord, -master. bedom [bytwm I M bydwm] furthermost. begilna~ [byk'nk

' I N -a] strange; stranger.

begiir [byk'll N -] corvee, forced labour. beh [byh I N bih] quince. bel [byll (M byr), N -] spade. belilr [bylwll M bylwr, N bilur] crystal. berOn [bylwn

' I M byrwn, N birUn] outside.

bel [by!] pain, sorrow; harm, hostility. - burdan: bear hostility.

bel-, -lln, v. blltan. belAz [byle)z] healing, medicinal. beIAz(en)- [byl'z(yn)-, byl(')c(yn)- I M byl'z-] heal, cure. -llnih: healing.

bel-burdilr [byIbwlt'l] hostile. belIdan [bylytnl] = blltan. belOmand [byI'wmnd] sorrowful. bewar [bywll M bywr, N -] myriad, ten thousand. P bid [bytl I P byd] again. bldaxA [bythJ] viceroy . • blJagiln [bek'nl] medicinal. bim [bym I = M, N -] fear, terror. -~An [_knl] fearful, terrible. -~Anih : fearfulness. --omand [-'wmnd] fearful .

• blsta~ [bltkl I N busta] hazelnut. biA [byll N -] aconite. blltan, bel- [byl-tnl I M by!t, byl-] hurt, torment. -lln: harm, torment. . .

blzelk [bclkl I M bzylk, N pizi!k] doctor, phYSICian.

bOb 19

bOb [bfUp I N -] fine carpet. bOr [bwll N -] reddish-brown, bay (horse). borz [bwlc I P bwrz] high. borz-wAn~ [bwlcw'ng] loud. -ihA [-yh'] aloud. bowanda~ [bwndk' I M bwndg] complete, entire, perfect. . -ih: completeness, entirety, completion. --menilnIh [-mynfnyh] right-mindedness.

bOxtag [bwhtk' I M bwxtg] saved. -ih: salvation.

bOxtan, bOz- [bwhtnl, bwc- I M bwxtn, bwz-] save, redeem. -lln [_1nl I J bwzyln/t, N pozil] salvation; apology.

bOxtilr [bwht'll M bwxt'r] saviour. -ih: salvation.

lbOy [bwd] perception, sense. !bOy [bwd I M bwy, N -] smell, scent. bOyil~ [bwdWI M bwy'g, N Mya] scented. bOy-dilr [bwdd'll N -] scented. bOyenidan, bOyen- [bwdyn-ytnl] scent, perfume. bOyestiln [bwdst'nl I M bwylt'n, N Mltan] (flower) garden. -bAn [-p'n l ] gardener.

bOyidan, bOy- [bwd-ytnl I N -] smell (intr.). bOz-, -iln, v. bOxtan. brild [AH < A 'fJ; Wt l I M br'd] brother. -ar [bl'tll M br'dr, N biradar] brother.

·brildarOd [bPtlwt'] relative, rival, counterpart.

-ih: relationship, rivalry. brilh [bl'h I N barah] brilliance, splendour. brahm(ag) [bl(')hm(kl) I M brhm(g)] form, manner, costume. brahna~ [bl(')hnk' I M brhng, N barahna] naked. brlm- [b(w)l'm- I (P brm-)] weep, lament. -ag [-kl I P -g] weeping, lamentation.

brilzidan, brilz- [bl'c-ytn'

I M br'z-, N barazidan] shine, gleam. -lin: radiance, brightness. -ilni~: shining, radiant.

breh [bly(y)h] fate, destiny. brehenidan, brehen- [blyhyn-ytn'] I. create, fashion; 2. decree. -il~ (-'k'] decreeing. -IAn: I. creation; 2. decree, destiny.

briz-, v. briltan. brezan (blycn

' I M bryzn, N barizan] oven.

brini

bridan, brin- [PSKWN-tnl < A ..; Plq; blytn' , blyn- I M bryd, N buridan] cut (off), sever.

brin [blyn'] cut, division, delimitation; limited, determined. -gar (-kl] determiner; decisive.

lbrinJ [blne I N birinj] rice.

brlnj 20

2brlnJ [blnc I (M brY1lg), N biri1l}] bronze, brass. -en [-yn'] bronze, brazen.

brinfimand [blyn'wmnd] delimited.

buz

brl~tan, brez- [blyltn', blyc- I M bryz-, N biriltan] roast. brQg [blwk' I M brwg, N abru] (eye)brow. bQdan, b(aw)- [YHWWN-tn' < Ayhwwn,'; hwh; bwtn', b- ,M bwdn,

bw-, N bUdan] be, become. bawi~n: becoming, genesis.

bill [bwp , N -], -bug [bwk'] owl. buland [bwlnd' = M, N -] high. bUm [bwm , N -] land,earth, country. --i!andag [-cndk'] earthquake.

lbun [bwn' , = M, N -] base, foundation, bottom. 'bun [bwn' I N -] = wan. bunag [bwnk' I N -a] baggage; abode, camp. - da~tan: dwell, settle. bun-dahl~n(ih) [bwndhln', -yh] primal creation. bunih [bwnyh] beginning. buni~t [bwnylt' , = M] foundation. -ag [-k'] principle.

bun-kadag [bwnktk'] original house, home. bun-xln [bwnh'n'] source. bur-, -IAn, v. buridan. burlg [bwl'k'] cutting, sharp. burlm-, v. brlm-. burd [bwlt' , M bwrd] patient.

.... ih: patience. burdan, bar- [y,nLWN-tn' < A'; ybl; bwltn', bl- , M bwrd, br-, N-]

carry, bear, take, endure. -IAn: bearing, behaviour.

burdlr [bwlt'l] bearer; womb. -ih: patience.

burd-eAnfihr [bwlt' Inwhl' P bwrdyInwhr] grateful, thankful. burg [bwlg , (Ar. burJ)] tower. buridan, bur- [bwl-ytn' , M bwr-, N -] = bridan. -IAn: cuttigg.

Burz [bwlc] the god of agriculture. Burzenmihr [bwlcynmtr'] the third major Fire of Sasanian Eran, that

of husbandmen. burzidan, burz- [bwlc-ytn'] praise, honour. -IAn: praise, honour. -IAnig: praiseworthy.

buA [bwl , N -] mane. bQAisp [bw/'sp , M bwly'sp, N -] sleep, sloth; dream. but [bwt' , = M, N -] Buddha; idol. buz [AZ < A (z; bwc , N -] goat.

I

i!lbuk 21

i!lbuk [c'pwk' , N -] agile, nimble; excellent. -ih: agility.

i!idur [c'twl, N -] sheet, veil. i!agld [ck't' , (N cakiid), J ceytid] peak, summit. i!agar [ckl] wife (of the second degree). i!Ah [c'h , N -] pit, well. i!ahir [ALBA < A 'rb(; ch'l, M ch'r, N -] four. -dab [ch'ldh , N -] fourteen. --ply [eh'lp'd, N - > carwa] quadruped.

i!ak6k [ekwk , N -, cakawak] lark. i!akui! [ekwe , N cakul] hammer. i!ambar [cmbl, N -] circle, hoop. i!amiAn [emIn' , M cmbyIn (?)] urination; lavatory. i!and [cnd' = M, N -] how many, much?; so many, much; some, a few. -ih: amount, quantity. ~andal [cndl , N -] sandalwood. ~andidan, i!and- [cnd-ytn' , (M cn-ystn)] tremble, quake. -IAn: trembling, movement. ~ang [eng , M lnng, N -] harp. -sray [-sl'd] harpist. ~Ir [e'l] = ~irag. ~arag [elk' , M erg] pasture, grazing; flock. ~Irag [e'lk', N -a] means, remedy . -garih [-glyh] ability, savoir faire. ~arb [eLp , P erb, N -] mild, gentle; fatty, oily. -ih: gentleness; fattiness. -lAn [-In'] fat, oil. -IAnfimand [-In'wmnd] oleaginous.

i!arm [eLm' M am, N ..... ] skin, hide, leather. arQg [e'lwk' , N caril] lime, mortar. -in [-yn'] limy. ~arz [elz , N ..... ] bustard. ~IAidan [e'/-ytn'] = ~IAtan. ~aAm [AYNE < A (ynh; elm, = M, N ..... ] eye. l~aAmag [eimk' , M eimg, N -a] spring, source. 'i!aAmag [eJmk'] renowned. ~aAmaglh [elmk's , M eImg'h] obvious, public, notorious. .....ih: notoriety, condemnation.

i!aAm-areAk [elm 'lylk'] envious. .....ih: envy.

i!aAm-dld [elm dyt'] visible, obvious. alnig [e'Inyk' , M e'lnyg, N laInt] taste.

Wt 22 Bnwad

Wt [e'lt l I N -] lunch, meal. l-ag [-kl] food.

'aAtag [e'ltkl] doctrine. Wtan, aA- [e'l-tnl] teach. -lAn: teaching.

atrang [etlng I (Ar. latranj)] chess . • aw(la)gln [cwpk'nlll Ar.lawlaJiin, N laugiin] (curved) polo-stick; polo. ~axAAgih [eM'kyh] (sense of) taste. baAIAn [eM 1nl I M, J exl-, N lal-] taste, flavour. 1~6 [ME < A mh I M ey, N l,l what, which. - ray: for what, why. -ih: quiddity, essence. '~6 [ME, v. 1~6] for, because, since, as, that. ~6-6w6nag [ME 'dwynkl] how. -Ih: circumstances. ~egAm-lz [cyk'm-e I M eyg'mye], --6(w): a little; whatever. ~egAmag [eyk'mkl I N l(ag)ama] song, snatch. ~6b-, -lAn, v. 'Bdan. ·~Ibag [cyhkl] grief. &bel [40 I N lihil] forty. ~Ib-widarag [cyhwtIg] = ~inwad puhl. ~611n [cyl'nl I = M, N -] dagger. -gar [-kl, -gll N -] swordsmith. ~Ir [cyll M cyr, N -] victorious, triumphant, brave. -Ih: bravery. ~Irihistan, ~Irih- [cylyh-stnl] triumph, be victorious. l~idan, BD- [eytnl, eyn- I M eyydn, cyn-, N -] gather, pile up. -tAn: gathering.

'Bden, ~Ib- [eytnl, eyh- \ M ey-] mourn, lament, grieve. ...... lAn: lamentation. ...... lAnig: mournful.

IBbr [cyhll M cyhr, N ...... ] form, shape, appearance, face. 'Bhr(ag) [eyhl(kl) I M cyhr, P -g, N ...... ] seed, origin; nature, essence. Bbrlnidan, Bbdn- [eyhlyn-ytnl] form. Bhrig [cyhlykl] natural. Bhr-AnAsihieyJUIn»syh] physics. Bm [e(y)m \ M cym, N -] reason, cause, purpose, meaning.

...... (rAy): why? Bm-g~wAgih [eym gwb'kyh] logic. ~imig [cymyk l ] purposeful. BD-, ...... IAn, v. IBdAn. anag [cynkl I P cyng, N ...... a] grain, bait. BoAr [eyn'l\ N ...... ] oriental plane tree. ~inwad [eynw(p)tl], ...... puhl: the 'divider bridge' which separates the

souls of the righteous dead, who cross, from those of the wicked, who fall off.

f

23

BrAy [cl'" \ P er'g, N -] lamp. ~iA [MNDOM I P eyf] =tis, q.v. ~ly~n [cygwnl I M e'wn, N lUn] as, like, how, when. - ka: as if. -Ih: nature, character.

Mb [cwp I N -] wood, stick. -ag [_kl I N ...... a] wand, arrow shaft.

Idabr [dpl] sinner, deceiver. Idabr [dpl] ·dark-coloured.

D

dad [dtl I M dd, N -] wild animal.

dablbed

Idiid [d't l I M d'd, N -] law, justice; those scriptures dealing with legal matters.

'dAd [d't l \ N -] age. 'did [d't l ] tooth. 'dAd, v. ahlaw-dAd. didan, dab- [YHBWN-tnl < A .; yhb; d'tnl, dh- I M d'dn, (dy-), P dh­

N -, dih-] I. give; 2. create. -IAn [dh(y)fnl] giving, donation; creation.

dAdAr [d't'l\ N -] creator. -Ih: creatorship.

dAdestin [DYNA < A dyn'; d'tst'nl I M d'(d)yst'n, N da(de)stan] judgement, justice, law; case, process.

did-gAb [d't g's] proper place, fire temple; = daxmag. dAdig [d'tykl] legal, concerned with the Law. dAd-meb [d'tms] adult, elder . dAdwar [d'twbll (M d'ywr, P d'dbr), N da(d)war] judge . -Ih: judgement.

daftan, dam- [dptnl, dm- \ M dm-, N dam-idan] breathe, blow. -IAn: breath.

daftar [dptll N -] register, account-book. dagr [AL YK < A 'ryk; dgll M dgr > dyr, N dir] long. dagrand [dglnd I N dlrand] long. --xwadiy [-hwt'y] eternal, of long dominion •

dagrl-pattiy [dgl pt»d] long-lasting. --zamln [-pn'n l ] a long time. --zi(w)IAn [-%ywfnl] long-lived.

dab [IO, ASL Y A < A cJr' I M dh, N -] ten. dab-, ...... lin, v. didan.

. DahAg [dh'kl I (N DaMk)] = AzdahAg. dahIn [PWME < A p(w)m-h I M dhyn, N dahiin] mouth. dahlbed [dhywptl I M dhybyd] ruler, lord of the land.

dahl~iln 24

dahlgiin [dhywk'n' IN dihgan] countryman, farmer. dahliz [d'hlyc I (M dhryz), N -] portico.

darzi~

dahm [d'hm] virtuous, pious; a full member of the Mazdean community, initiate.

dahom [d'hwm I M dhwm, N -] tenth. diilman [d'lmn' I N dal(man)] lammergeyer, eagle. dam-, -IAn. v. daftan. Idiim [d'm I = M] creature, creation. Idllm [d'm I = M, N -] tame animal. Idam [d'm I P d'mg, N -] net, snare, trap. dllmlld [d'm't' I M d'm'd, N ....:.,] bridegroom, son-in-law. -ih: condition of a bridegroom, son-in-law.

damenag [dmynk'] fan. damidan [dmytn'] = daftan. diln-. -iAn. v. diinistan. -diin [-d'n' I = M, N -] suffix, -holder, -container. diin(a~) [d'n(k) , I N ...... a] seed, grain. dilniig [d'n'k' I M d'n'g, N dana] knowing, wise. -ih: knowledge, wisdom.

dandiin [KKA < A kk'; dnd'n' I = M, N ...... ] tooth. dllnistan. dan- [YDOYTWN-stn' < A"; ydej d'n-stn' I M d'tl-ystn,

N ...... ] know . ...... iAn: knowledge. ...... iAnl»mand [-In'wmnd] knowing.

dar [BBA < A bb'; dll M dr, N ...... ] door; palace; chapter, subject. dllr [d'll M d'r-, N ...... ] tree, gallows; wood. dllr- ....... iAn. v. daAtan. -dllr [-d'll M -d'r, N ...... ] suffix, -holder, -keeper. P darlly [dt>g I J ...... , N daray] bell. ·darak [dlk'] section, paragraph. darband [BBAbnd IN ...... ] gate. darblls [dip's] palace. dard [d/t' I M drd, N ...... ] pain. -6mand [-'wmnd I M -wmnd, N -mand] ill, suffering.

dllren [d'lyn' I M d'rwyn] wooden. dargllh [dig's iN ...... ] doorway. dllrgardih [tI'lkrtyh I M d'rgyrdyh] crucifixion. dar-handarzbed [BBA-, dl-hndlept'] chamberlairt. darigbed [dlykpt'] palace superintendent. . ·dllrma~ [d'lmk'] fine, delicate. darmlln [dlm'n' I M drm'n, N -] remedy, medicine. darridan. darr- [SDKWN-tn' < A"; sdq; dl-ytn' IN...,l sptit, tear. dllrfi.~ [d'lwk' I M d'rwg, N daru] drug, medicament. dllr-wllzig [d'lw'cyk' I N dar-baz] (pole-)acrobat. . darz [die IN ...... ] seam.

...... i~ [-yk' I N darzi] tailo~.

f

diis 25

dlls [d's IN ...... ] sickle. diisBr [d'sl = Av. da8ra-] gift, reward. dast [YDE < A yd-h; dst' I = M, N ...... ] hand. dastag [dstk' I N -a] bunch, bundle, group.

dazidan

dast(a)gird [YDE-, dst-krt' I M dstygyrd, N dastgird] estate. dast-gir [dst OHDWN, (v. griftan) I N -] I. helper; 2. captive. dast-graw [dstglwb'] captivity. dast-kiirih [YDEk'lyh I N ...... i] handiwork. dast-Al»y [dstlwd] = gomez. dastwar [dstwbll M dstwr, N dastur] authority, priest, minister. ......ih: custom; authority.

dastyiir [dstyd'll (P dstd'r), N ...... ] helper. ......ih: help, assistance.

daAn [din' I = M] right hand. diiAn [d'ln' I M d'l(y)n] gift. daAnag [dlnk' I N ...... a] I. right hand; 2. dagger. daAt [dlt' I = M, N ...... ] plain, open ground. daAtiin [dlt'n' IN ...... ] menstruation; menstruous. ......estiin [-st'n'] secluded place for menstruou8 women. ......-mah [-m'h] menstrual cycle. ...... l»mand [-'wmtnd] menstruous.

diiAtan. diir- [YHSNN-tn' < A";?un; d'ltn', d'l-I M d'ltn, a',-, N ...... ] have, hold, keep, preserve .

pad ••• diiAtan: hold by, to; take for. pad ed diiAtan [cf. N pindaltan] consider. -iAn: preservation, maintenance.

daAtiir [d'lt'l] keeper, preserver. daw-. v. dawidan. dawistan. Idawiil [dwb'll N ...... ] leather, skin. Idawiil [dwb'll N ...... ] deceit, trickery. Idawidan. daw- [LHTWN-tn' < A"; rht; dwytn', dwb- I M dw-, N ...... ]

run. 2dawidan. daw- [dw-ytn'] speak (daevic). 1, I dawistan [LHTWN-stn', dwstn l ] = 1. I dawidan. daxm.a~ [dhmk l I P dxmg, N -a] tomb, dakhma (a building where corpses

are exposed for destruction). ......estiin {-st'n l ] cemetery.

daxAag [dhlk l I M dxlg] mark, sign, characteristic; memory. pad ..... diiAtan: remember. ,. az -- hi~tan: forget. -6mand [-'wmnd] marked.

Day [ddwl I M dyy, N ...... ] Creator; cal. loth month; 8th, 15th, 23rd days. dllyag [djykl I M d"yg-, N ...... a] (wet-)nurse. ......iinih ["')nyh] I (N dayagi)] nursing, nurture.

dazidan. daz- [dc-ytn'] burn, scorch . --i~B I lmmlog·

debAg

debag [dyp)k' I N diba] brocade. debahr [dyp)hll P dybhr] anger. pad ~ d~Ultan: banish.

deg [dyk' I N~] cauldron.

26

deh [MTA < A mt) I M dyh, N~] country, land; village. ~gan [MT A-, d)hk)n'] = dahigan.

den [dyn' I = M, N din] religion; eal. 24th day. denar [dyn)ll N dinar] (gold) dinar.

dost

den-astawan [dyn)stwb)n'], den-burdar [dynbwlel] believing, faithful. denig [dynyk' I N dini] religious. denijdag [dynwtk'] female, milch. dir, dirand, v. dagr, dagrand. des(ag) [dys(k') I M dys] form, appearance. desidan, des- [dys-ytn' I M dys-yd] build. dew [SDYA < A lyd), pI. Iydy) I N~] demon, devil. dewan [d(p)yw)n' I N ~] archive, collected writings. dewanag [dyw)nk' I N ~a] demonic, mad. dewar [dyw)ll M dyw)r, N ~] wall. dewl-esnih [SDY Aymyh I (M dyw)myh)] idolatry, devil-worship. ~-ezagih [SDYAyekyh] = ~-esnih. .

dew6k [dywwk' I N diwuk] leech. dibir [dpy(w)r' I M dbyr, N ~] scribe. ~ih: writing, s~ribeship. ~stiln [-sen' I N ~] school.

did [TW~ < A twb; dt'] again, then, further. didan, wen- [H~ YTWN-tn' < A ...; !lZY; dytn', wyn- I M dydn, wyn-,

N ~, bin-] see. ~i§n: sight, seeing. ~i§nig: visible.

didAr [dyt)ll N ~] sight; visible. pad ~ [N padidiir] visible.

didom [dtwm] second. dil [LB(B)ME < A lb(b)-h; dyll = M, N ~] heart. diler [dylywl, dlyll N ~] brave. diz [KLYTA < A qryt); de I M dyz, N~] fortress. dij [z, TLYN' < A tryn I M dw, N du] two. ~axwanig [z )hw)nyk'] relating to both worlds. ~ganag [dwk)nk' I M dwg)ng, N dugana] double; twin.

dijk [dwk' I N ~] spindle. dijl [dwll N ~] bucket; astr. Aquarius. dijl-pahikar [dwptkl I N du-paikar] astr. Gemini. ~-pAy [z LGLE, dwp)d IN du-pa] biped, human being.

dijs [dws I N ~] gum; plaster. do-saxwan [z shwn'] two-tongued, deceitful. dosen [dwsyn'] gummy; plastery; -glazed (pottery). dost [dwst' I = M, N ~] friend.

/'

dijstih 27

~ih: friendship, love. Idij§ [dwl I N ~] shoulder. Ddij§ [dwl I N ~] last night, previous evening. do§-, ~i§n, v. 1. I dij§idan, Idijxtan. do§ag [dwlk'] dear, loving. ~ih: love.

do§aram [dw/)lm I M dw[>rm] love. dO§astar [dwlstl] west. Ido§idan, do§- [dwl-ytn'] like, love. ~i§n: liking, pleasure.

IdO§idan [dwlytn'] = Idoxtan. d6§izag [dwlyek' I (M dwxl, J dwlkyzh), N ~a] maiden, virgin. ~ih: maidenhood, virginity.

dlSwom [zwm I N~] -second (in compound numerals). Idoxtan, dM- [dwhtn', dwl- I N~] milk. 2doxtan, doz- [dwhtn', dwe- I N ~] sew. doysBr [dwysl = Av. doiBra-] eye. doz-, v. 2doxtan. draf§ [dlpl I P dr!/, N~] banner. draf§idan, draf§- [dlpl-ytn' I P dr!I-, N ~] I. shine; 2. tremble. drahm ~WZN' < A zwzn I M drhm, N dir(h)am] drachm. dra(h)nAy [dl(h)n)d] length. dramanag [dlmnk' I N dirmana] wormwood. drang [dlng I N dirang] period, duration. dranJidan, dranJ- [dlne-ytn'] speak. ~i§n: speech.

draxt [dW)ht' I M drxt, N diraxt] tree. dray-, -ilin, v. drAyidan. drayA(b) [dlyd)(p) I M dry)b. N darya(b)] sea. ~-bAr [-b)ll N -bar] sea-shore.

drAyAn-Joyi§n [dl)d)n ywdfn'] one who speaks while eating. ~ih: (the sin of) speaking while eating.

dron

drAyidan / drayistan, drAy- [dl)d-ytn', -stn' I M dr)yst, dr)y-, N darayidan] speak (daevie), chatter.

~i§n: chatter. drAz [dl)e I N diraz] long. ·drem [dlym] phlegm. drlyo§ [dlgwl I N daryol, darwif] poor, needy. ~ih: poverty.

dr6 [KDBA < A kdb); dlwb' I M drw, (N daro,,)) lie, deceit. drod [SRM < A flm; dlwt' I M drwd, N darod] health, well-being,

prosperity, peace. dro-dadwarih [KDBA d)twblyh] false judgement. Idr6n [dlwn' I N daruna] bow. ldron [dlwn' I N darun] consecrated bread, ceremony in which c.b. is

used.

drOn ya!itan 28

dron ya!itan: consecrate the sacrificial bread. dro!i [dlw!] mark, branding; punishment. -ag [_k'] ·desolation.

drO!iidan, dro!i- [dlw!-ytn'] brand. drO!iom. [dlw!wm] mark. drOz-,v. druxtan. drOzan [dlwcn l I M, J drwzn] lying, liar. -ih: falsehood.

drubu!it [dl(w)pw!t l] fortress. -ih: defence, fortification.

driidan, .drun- [HCDLWN-tn' < A ..; Ind I M drcwd, (dwr-), N durudan, diraw-) reap, mow.

drust [drw(y)st l I (M dryst), N durust] right; well, healthy. -ih: righteous; health.

drustabed [drwystpt '] chief physician. dru!it [dlw!t ' I N durult] harsh, rough, severe. -ih: harshness, severity. --awaz, --ewaz [-)J»c, -)yw)c] harsh-spoken.

druwand [dlwndl M drwnd) evil, sinful, unrighteous. -ih: sin, unrighteousness.

druxtan, drOz- [dlwhtnl, dlwc- I M drwxt, drwz-) lie, deceive. druz [dlwc I (P drwj)] demon. dud [dwt' I M dwd, N -] smoke. dudag [dwtk' I N -a) family. dudigar [dtykll M dwdygr, N digar] second. duJ-, = du!i-. --daft [dw!dpt'] ill-breathing, short of breath. --dAnllg [dwfd)n)k'] ignorant. --den [dw!dynl I M dwjdyn-] of evil religion. _-doysBrih [dw!dwyslyh] the evil eye. --gand [dw!gnd I P dwjgnd) stinking. --gandih: stench.

dum.(b) [dwm(b l ) I N -) tail. -Om.and [-)wmnd) tailed.

dur [LHYKI < A rbyq; dw!.1 M dwr, N -) far, distant, remote. durgar [dwlgll N -] carpenter. dusraw [dwslwb') notorious, dishonoured. -ih: notoriety, dishonour.

du!i- [dw!- I = M] ill-, evil-. -ih: evil, wickedness. --iigiih [dwf>k)s) foolish, stupid, ignorant. --llgiihih: foolishness, stupidity. --arz [-) le] worthless. --~a!im. [-elm] envious.

/ --~a!im.ih: envy. --~ihr [-cyhll M dw!cyhr] ugly, hideous.

I·,: 1 ;

!l I

I 1

du!i-ewiizih dwazdahiin

--ewiizih [-)yw)cyh I (M dwfw'cyh)] evil speech, calumny. --farrag [-pig I P dwfjr] unfortunate. --farragih: misfortune. --gOwi!in [-gwbfn l ] of evil speech, ill-spoken. --hum.at [-hwmt'] evil thought. --huxt [-hw;,t l I M dwfxwptyy!] evil speech. --kiim. [-k'm] ill-will, malevolence. -kanig [-knyk') hag. --kar [-kl) difficult. --kuni!in [-kwnfn'] of evil behaviour, ill-doing.

du!irnat [dwfmt l = Av. dufmata- I M dwfmtyy!] evil thought. du!im.en [dw!m(y)nl I = M, N dufman] enemy. -ih: enmity. -adih [dw!mn)tyh I M dwlmny)dyh, J dwfmn)dy] enmity, hostility.

du!i-I-meni!in [dwf-mynfnl] of evil thought, ill-thinking. --nam. [-n)m I N -] abuse, insult.

du!iox [dwfhw' I M dw!(w)x] hell. -ig [-yk'] hellish.

du!i-padixAa(y) [dw!p)thS)(d)] evil ruler. -Ih: eyil rule, misrule.

du!irilm. [dwfl(,)m) unhappy. -Ih: unhappiness.

du!iwar [dw!)wll M dwfw)r, N -] difficult, disagreeable. -ih: difficulty, trouble, misfortune.

du!i-I-wir [dwf-wyl) evil-minded. --wurrOyi!inih [-wlwdfnyh] heresy. --xem. [-hym] evil-natured. --xwadayih [-hwt)yh] misrule. --xwar [-hw)ll N -] = du!iwar.

du!ixwarit [dw!hwwllt'

I M dw!xw)ftyh!] evil deed. dU'Xt [BRTE < A brt-h; dwht l I M dwxt, N -] daughter. -ar [dwhtll N -] daughter.

duz(d) [GNBA < A gnb); dwc(t) I M dwz, N duzd] thief. -Ih [dwc(d)yh] theft.

duzidag [dwcytk l] stolen; intercalary (days). duzidan, duz- [dwc-ytnl I N duzdidan] steal. dwaridan I dwaristan, dwar- [dwb)l-ytnl, -stnl I M dw)r-] run, move

(daevic). -i!in: abode (of demons), hell.

dwazdah [dw)cdh I M dw)zdh, N duwazdah] twelve. -iin [-)n'l the zodiac.

30

E e ['y I (M hyb)] particle giving tlte present tense optative sense. i, v. ed, ew.

eraxtan

ebAra~ ['dyp'lk', 'dw'lk' I N iwar] evening. . eb~at(ih) [>ybgt', -yh = Av. aiJ3i.gati-] (onslaught of) EVil: the Adver­

sary. ebsrilsrim ['yp-, 'ybslwslym = Av. aiJ3isru8rima-] thegiih from sunset to

midnight. . ebyAn~han ['yp-, 'ywby'nghn', etc. = Av. aiJ3ydi.lhana-] sacred girdle,

= kusti~. el: ['ye I (P 'ywyc), N heel (with a negative) not any. el:and, v. ew-l:and. ed [HNA < A hn' I M 'yd] this: v. daAtan. - rAy l:e [cf. N z-i-ra] because, since.

edar [LTME < A l-tnh I M 'ydr, N -] here. edon ['ytwn' I N edun] thus, so. -ih: (correct) manner. e~ [ADYNI < A'dyn I M 'yg] then, thereupon. ek ['ywkl I M yk, N yak] one. ekiina~ ['ywk'nk' I N yagiina] submissive, obedient. -ih: submission, obedience.

ek-dAd ['ywkd't'] sole-created. emed ['dmyt'] hope. en [ZNE < A znh I M Cyn, N in] this. -en T-yn' I = M, N -in] suffix forming adjectives of material o~ ~uality. -enda~ [-ndkl I M -yndg, N -anda] suffix forming presen~ partlC,pl~s. -en-idan [-yn-ytn l I M -yn-ydn, (N -an-)] suffixes formmg causatIVe and

transitive denominative verbs . • enoken ['ymo(k)kyn' = Av. ·aeno.haena-] heiress (under the obligation

of continuing her father's line). enyA ['yny' I (M 'n'y)] otherwise, moreover. ler ['dll M 'yr, v. aur] down, below; low; under. - ud abar: upside down.

ler ['y/] noble; hero. -ih: nobility, good conduct.

£riin ['yl'n' I N -] Eran, (land of) the Aryans. -a~ [-hi] an Eranian, Aryan. eran~ ['ylng] blame, condemnation: error, heresy. . -ih: = eran~.

eranJ-, v. 1, I eraxtan. £riinl-iiahr ['yl'nltr' I N -] land of the Aryans. --wez [-wyc] (original) home of the Aryans.

leraxtan, eranJ- ['ylhtn', 'ylnc- I J 'yrxt] blame, condemn, damn.

~raxtan 31

leraxtan, eranJ- ['ylhtn', 'ylnc- I M 'yrxt, ('ymz-)] fight, dispute. eraxtar ['ylht'/] warrior.

ezm

er-ka§ ['dlM I M 'yrkfJ (hands under the armpits in respectful) salutation, greeting.

1erman [,ylm'n' I (M 'ry'm'n), N -] friend: a god. -ih: friendship. ler-mAn(a~) ['dlm'n(k)'] humble. er-meniAnih [,dlmynfnyh] humility. er-tan ['dltn'] humble. -ih : humility.

erwAr ['ylw'/] befitting a hero. erwiira~ ['dlw'lk' I J 'rw'rh] jaw, cheek. esm ['ysm] = ezm. espo, v. spa. l\stiidan, l!st- [YKOYMWN-tn' < A yqym, ,y qwm; 'st'tn', 'wst-'tn' I

M 'yst-'dn, N -] stand: be, continue (as auxiliary of the perfect con­timlous tense).

-fAn: permanence, lasting, dwelling. eA ['yll N xi!] plough. efn°, v. fn°. e(w) [I; HD <: A 1;uJ I M cyw, N -i] a, one. ewan [,dwn'] stalk, trunk. ewiin ['dw'n'] bridle. ewar ['jowl I J 'yJ3'r] certain(ly), assured(ly). ewarz [' dwlc] movement. ewarzidan, ewarz- [,dwlc-ytn l ] move, travel. ewarzi~ ['dwlcyk'] moving. 1ewAz ['yw'c] word; utterance. 2ewAz ['yw'c] sole, onfY. -i~ [-yk'] particular, individual.

ew-bAr [lywb'l] once. e(w)-l:and ['y(w)cnd] some, a few. ewen ['dwyn' I M 'ywyn, (N ayin)] manner, custom, form, propriety. pad -: properly. 1ewena~ ['dwynk' I M 'ywyng] = ewen; v. l:e-. lewena~ ['dwynk' I (N ayina)] mirror. ew-kard(a~) ['ywkrt(k)l, -kltk'] united, joined. e(w)-m6~ ['y(w)mwk'] wearing (only) one shoe. ew-sAn ['yws'n' I (N yak-san)] uniform, (a)like. -ih: uniformity, likeness. ew-tA~ ['ywt'k' I M Cyw t'g, (N yakta)] alone, single, individual. ez-, v. yaz- • -fAn [,ycln'] worship.

ezm [CYBA < A ~yb' I N hizum] firewood, fuel.

farr- 32 , frasang

F fa,,-, v. xwarrah. Farrobilg [plwbC)g] the first major Fire of Sasanian Eran, that of priests

and nobles. farrox [plhw

' I M prwx, N -] fortunate, blessed, happy.

-ih: fortune, joy, happiness. filasofa [pyZ>swkp'y] philosopher. frabih [plpyh I (P frbyw), N farbih] fat, stout. Fradadafs [pldtp! = Av. frada3aflu-] the south-eastern continent of the

earth. fradag [MHL < A ~r; plek' I N farda] tomorrow. fradahisnih [pl'dhlnyh] increase, progress. fradom [AWLA < Ar. ! 'wZ>; pltwm I (M prtwm)] first. -ih: first, beginning.

fragan [pWnl] base, foundation; origin. fragandan, fragan- [plkn-dn'] lay foundations. frahang [pZ>hng I N farhang] education; knowledge. -estan [-st'n l ] school.

frahanj-, v.frahixtan. frahist [plh(y)st l I (M pr'yst)] most (superlative of freh). frahixtag [plhhtk l I N farhixta] educated, trained, skilled. frahixtan, frahanj- [plhhtn

', pPhnc- I P frhynj-, N far-] educate,

teach, instruct. framiidar [plm't'l] commander, ruler, chief. framiin [plm'n

' I M frm'n, N farman] order, command; a minor degree

of sin. ,...,-burdar [-bwlt'll N -bardar] obedient, submissive.

framay-, ,...,isn, v. framiidan. frilmos [pZC)mwll M pr'mwl, N faramol] forgotten. framosidan [plmwlytn'] = framustan. framiidan, framay- [plmwtn' , plm'd- I M prm'dn, prm'y-, N f-]

order, command. -isn: order, commandment.

frilmustan, frAmM- [pZC)mwl-tn l I M pr'mwlt, pr'mwl-, N fara,...,] forget.

franaftan, .franam- [plnptn', ·plnm- I ~ prnpt, prnm-] go, proceed,

depart. .1 . franiiftan, franiim- [pln'ptn l , pln'm- I P Jrn'm-] I. lead, conduct, re­

move, promote; 2. profess, propagate (faith). -isn: removal, promotion, profession.

frarast [p[>Z>st l ] a cubit (18 in.). fraron [pl'lwn

'] righteous, honest.

-ih: righteousness, honesty. frasang [plsng I N farsang] parasang (4 Roman miles).

frasiiwand 33 freftan

frasiiwand [pls'wnd] perishable, transient. -ih: transience.

frasp [plsp I N farasp] roof-tree, born, mast. ·fras [plI] spear. fras(a)gird [pllkrt l I M prl(y)gyrd] the Restoration (at the end of time). -ig [-yk l ] of Eternity (after the Restoration).

fras(a)murw [pllmwlw' I Mfrlymwrw] peacock. frasn [plln l ] question. frawahr [plw'hll M prwhr-] man's immortal soul, guardian angel during

his lifetime. frawiir [plw'll N farwar(a)] bastion. fraward [plwlt l I M frwrd-] = frawahr. frawardag [plwltk l I M prwrdg] letter, epistle. .frawiirdan, frawiir- [plw'l-tn

'] present, serve (food).

Frawardigiin [plwltyk'n l I N farwardagan] festival of the frawards, the last five days of the twelfth month (Spandarmad) and the following five epacts (v. giihiinig).

Frawardin (plwltyn' I Mjrwrdyn, Nfar-] cal. the first month; 19th day.

frax [pZ>hw'

I N fariix] largp, wide, spacious, ample, prosperous. -ih: plenty, prosperity.

friixenidan, friixen- [pZ>hwyn-ytn'] enlarge, make prosper.

fray [pl'y I M pr'y] more, much. frayiid [plyd't

' I M pry'd, N faryad] help, assistance. .

frayadidan, frayiid- [plyd't-ytn' I M pry'd-] help, asSIst.

-isn: help, assistance. -isnig: helpful.

friiz [pr'c I M pr'z, N faraz] forth, forwards. ,..., abgandan: throw forward. ,..., az: after, apart from. _ brehenidan: fashion forth, create. ,..., griftan: undertake, perform; appoint, decide. - 0: up to.

frazaftan [plcptn l I (M przwps-)] finish, be perfected. frazMtan, frazam- [plc'j>tn' , plc'm- I M prz'ptn] finish, complete,

perfect. -isn: completion.

frazam [plc'm I (N farJam)] end, conclusion. fraziimenidan, frazamen- [plc'myn-ytn'] = fraziiftan. frazam-perozih [plc'm pylwcyh] final victory. frazanag [plc'nk

' I P frz'ng, N farzana] wise, intelligent.

-ih: wisdom, intelligence. frazand [pr;nd I M frzynd, N farzand] child, son, offspring. -ih: sonship.

frazen [plcyn'

I N farzin] (chess) queen (lit. 'guard'). freb [plyp I N fireb] deceit, deception. fJ:~ftan. freb- [plyp-tn' I N fir-] deceive.

C 6684 D

fdftAr 34

frtUtAr [plypt'l] deceiver; deceived. fre~ [plyk

' I M pryyg] shoulder(-blade).

freh [plyh I N firih] more, much, = fray.

~Al

--bild(ih) [-bwt' , bwtyh] excess. frestAdan / frestidan, frest- [SDRWN-(y)tnl < A .. ldr; plyst-'tn' ,

-ytnl I M pryst-'d, N firistiidan] send. fresta~ [plystk' I M prystg, (N firilta)] apostle, angel. frez [plyc] duty, obligation. -bAni~, -wiini~ [-p'nykl, -w'nykl] obligatory, -bAnih, -wanih [-p'nyh, -w'nyh] fulfilling duties.

frM [plwt' I M prwd, N furo(d)] down. -mAnd [-m'nd] deficiency, shortcoming. fr~~ [plwk' I N furOy] brilliance, brightness. fr~~ihistan, fro~ih- [plwkyh-stn'] shine. froxtan, fr~(x)s- [MZBNW-tn' < A mzbn, '1/ zbn I M prwxl-, N

juroxtan,jurol-] sell. . frusa~ [plwlk' I N furla] beestings.

G (r)

gabr (gpl, gwbll M gbr, N ? gor] hollow, cavity, womb. -ih: hollowness.

gai! (gc I N -] plaster, gypsum. -en [-yn'] (made of) plaster. ~ad (gtl = Av. gaM-] club, mace. ~Adan, gAy- [SLYTWN-tn' < A '1/ STy ?;g'tn' I N -] copulate with. gAdAr (g't'l] husband. ~adwar (gtwl = Av. ga8awara-] bearing a club. l~Ah (g'1 I M g'h, N -] place, throne, bed. I~Ah [g'l I N -] time; a fifth division of the day; = ~iihAnbar. 'gAh (g'I] a Gatha, hymn. gAhAn (g's'n'] the Gathas; those scriptures dealing with spiritual and

theological matters. ~AhAnbAr (g's'nb'll N giihanbiir] the six divisions of the year, the five-day

festivals celebrated at the ends of these. gAhAnig (g's'nyk'] relating to the Gathas; spiritual; the five epact days

at the end of the year. gAhbed (g'spt l I N ·gahbad] treasurer, banker. -ih: treasurership. ~ahl (g(')hl I N giil] sorghum, giant millet. gAhilg (g'hwk l] bier. gAhwArag [g'sw'lk' I N giihwiira] cot, cradle. aAI (g'l] household, following.

(

gal6g 35

~alo~ [glwk l I N gulO] throat. gAm (g'm I = M, N -] pace, step, stride; a yard (3 ft.). - i do pay: a pace (5 ft.).

gAwars

-~Anag [-k'nk' I M -g'ng, N -giina] suffix forming numerical adjectives, -fold.

gand (gnd I N -] stench. ~anda~ [gndk' I (M gng), N -a] foul, stinking. -ih: stench. ~andanA~ [gndn'k' IN gandanii] leek. ~andum [Hg < A I}nth I (M gnwm), N -] wheat. ~anJ (gnc I (M gnz), N -] treasure, treasury. -war [-wbll M -WT, N -] treasurer.

gan(n)Ag (gn'k' I (P gnd'g)] foul, corrupt (v. ~andag). - meno~ : the Evil Spirit. -ih: corruption.

gar (gl] mountain. -~ar [-kl, -gll M -gr, N -] suffix forming actor nouns. -gAr [-k'll M -g'r, N -] suffix forming actor nouns. garAn (gl'n' I M gr'n, N giriin] heavy, serious, difficult. -ih: heaviness, weight.

garasmiin [glsm'n' I M gr'sm'n] = ~arodmAn. ~ard (glt' I N -] dust. ~ardan (gltn' I M grdn, N -] neck. ~ardAnA~ (glt'n'k'] die (for gaming). ~ardanidan, ~ardAn- (glt'n-ytn' I M grd(y)nydn, N -] turn (tr.). ~ardidan, ~ard- (glt-ytn' I M grd-, N -1 turn, revolve. -isn: revolution, turning. ~arm (glm I M grm, N -] warm, hot. -ih: warmth, heat. ~arm-aba~ (glm'Ph' I N ':"'a] bath-house. ~arma~ (glm'k' I M grm'g, N garmii] warmth, heat. ~armo~ [glmwk'] warm, ardent, fervent. ~armowar(ih) [glmwk wl(yh)] heat ordeal. ~armser [glmsyll N -] warm region, lowlands. ~arodmAn [glwtm'n' = Av. garo damiina- I M grdm'n] paradise. -i~ [-yk'] (worthy) of paradise.

yarrAnag (g/'n'k' I M grn'g ?] thunder. yarranidan, yarran- [gl'n-ytn' I (N yIlTTidan)] roar, thunder. -isn: roaring. ~arza~ (glck' I N garza] snake, serpent. garzidan, ~arz- (glc-ytn'] complain; confess. -isn: complaint. -isni~: complaining. ~aw [gw'] hand (daevic). ~Aw [TWRA < A twr' I M g'w, N -] ox, bull, cow; astr. Taurus. ~Awars [Pg < A prg'; g'wls IN -] sorghum, giant millet.

gawazn

gawazn [gW'zt/ 1 I N ~] deer. gawdar [gwtll N -] calf. giiw-dumb [g'pdwmb I N ~dum] horn, trumpet. giiw-mes [TWRAmyf I N ga(w)mei] buffalo. giiy-,v. giidan. GayOmart [g'ywkmlt l = Av. gayo marata I (M gyhmwrd), N -] the First

Man. gaz [gc I N ~] tamarisk. gaz-, -isn, v. gazidan. gaziig [gc'k'] biting. giizar [g'cll N gazur] fuller, washerman. gazdum [gcdwm I N kazduml] scorpion; astr. Scorpio. gazidag [gzytk' I N gazid] poll-tax. gazidan, gaz- [gc-, gz-ytnl I N ~] bite, sting. ~isn: biting.

geg [gdk' I M gyyg] thief. gehiin [gyh'n l I = M, N gihiin, jahan] world. ~ig [-yk l ] worldly, mortal. -g~n [-k(y)nl I M -gyn, N -gin] suffix/orming adjectives 0/ quality. ges [gys I (M gyswg, N gesu)] curls, locks. getig [gytYB, gytydy I M gytyg, N geti] I. the material world; 2. worldly. -ig [-yk l ] worldly.

gu [TYNA < A tyn'; gll N~] clay. gUag [g(y)lk l I N gila] complaint, lamentation. --Obiir [-'wp'l] swallowing complaint, suffering in silence.

gUen [TYNAynl IN gilin] (made of) clay. gillstag [glystkl] home, dwelling of demons. giro, -isnig, v. grlftan. gird [gltl I M gyrd, N -] round, circular; gathered. (0) - iimadan: ga~her, collect (intr.). - kardan: gather, collect (tr.). -ih: roundness.

girdag [gltkl I N -a] disk, round. gisnag [gInk l I P gyfng] short, small. gisniz [gInyc I N -] coriander. giyii(h) [gy'h, gy'h I (M gy'w), N -] grass. -izag [-yckl] a straw, blade of grass.

gizistag [gcystk l I J w/fJzsth] accursed, hateful. gOgird [gwklt l I M gwgyrd, N -] sulphur. -Omand [-'wmnd] sulphurous.

gOhr [gwhll M gwhr, N gauhar] substance, essence, nature; jewel; stock, lineage.

gOhrag [gwhlk l] = gOhr. --diiniig [-d'n'k l ] physicist.

19Ohrig-fgwhlykl] natural, essential. ·gOhrig [gwe)hlyk'] equivalent, substitute, indemnity.

37

·gOkiin (gwk'n l] details. -ig [-yk'] detailed; precisely.

gOmez [gwmyc I N gimez] bull's urine (as ritual purifier). gOmez- [gwmyc- I N gimez-] urinate. gOn (gwnl I N gun] colour, complexion. -ag [_kl I M gwng, N guna] = gOn; sort, kind, form.

gOr (gwll N -] onager, wild ass.

grlyistan

gOspand [KYNA < A qnyn' ?; gwspnd IN -] (small) cattle, sheep. --cihrag [-cyhlk l] holding the seed of cattle.

gOstiin [gwst'n l] cattle-stall, cowshed. 19oa [gwf I = M, N -] ear. 'GM [gwll N ~] cal. 14th day. goaag [gwlk' I N -a] corner. gOsOsriid (gwl'wslwt ' = Av. gaofo.sriita-] acquired, learnt. goat [BSL Y A < A bsr'; gwft l I N -] meat, flesh. gOswiir [gwlw'll N -] ea.r-ring. gOw-, -isn, v. guftan. gOwiig [gwb'k l I M gw'g, N goya] speaking, eloquent; speaker. ·gOwlziir (gwwc'l] explicit, in detail. gOy [gwd I N -] ball. gOz [gwc I N -] walnut. -enag [gwzynk' IN gozina] a walnut sweetmeat.

GOzihr [gwcyhll Ar. Jawzahr] astr. the Dragon. - dumb: the descending node of the moon. - sar: the ascending node of the moon.

grab [gl'p I P gr'b] womb. gramag[gl'mk' I P gr'mg] possessions, wealth. griirnig [gZ>myk

' I M gr'myg, N girami] treasured, dear.

-ih: affection, respect. 19raw [glwbl I P grww] cane. zgraw [glwbl I N giraw] pledge, security. -ih, ,.;,,(a)gan [glwk'nl I M grwg'n, N giraugan1 = zgraw.

griiyidan, griiy- [gZ> d-ytn l I P gr'y-, N giray-] lean, incline; intend, desire. griftan, gir- [OHDWN-tn' < A"; 'tuf; glptnl, gyl- I M grypt, gyr., N

giri/tan, -] take, hold, restrain. -lsnig: tangible.

grlftiir [glpt'll N gir-] held, taken; captive. -Omand [-'wmnd] tangible.

grih [glyh I N girih] knot. 19riw [CWLE < A fwr-h; glywl] neck; throat. 2griw [CWLE, glywl I M gryw] self, soul. agriw [glywl I P gryw, N giri(b)] a grain measure, moliius, peck. griwag [g/ywk' I N giriwa] hill, ridge. griwbiin [g/ywp'nl I N giriban] neck-guard, gorget. grlyistan, griy- [BKYWN-s/ll ' < A ..; Ilk)'; gld-slnl I M gr)':r-sltl, N

gh-is/at/, giry-) weep, cry.

gr6h

groh [glwh I N guroh] group, crowd. gubrag [gwpl'k'] awake, alert, vigilant. gubrils- [gwpl's-] = wlgras-, v. wlgradan. guftan, go(w)- [YMRRWN-, YMLLWN-tn' < A ymlwn, '" mll;

gwptn', gwb- I M gwptn, gw-, N -, go(y)-] say, speak. -IAn: speech.

guftar [gwpt'll N -] speaker. -ih: (power of) speech.

gugan- [gwk'n- I M gwg'n-] destroy. gugar(i)dan, gugar- [gwk'l-(y)tn' I N guwar-idan] digest. gugily [gwk'dy I M gwg'y, N guwah] witness. -ih: testimony.

gilh [gwh I N -] dung, excrement. guhriiyenidan, guhrayen- [gw'hl'yn-ytn'] waken, arouse. gul [gwll N -] flower, rose. guman [gwm'n' I = M, N -] doubt. -gar [-kl] casting doubt. -ig [-yk'] doubtful. -ih, -igih: doubt.

gumardag [gwm'ltk'] appointee, deputy. gumardan, gumar- [gwm'l-tn' I M gwm'r-dn, N gumiiftan, gumar-]

appoint, commission, entrust. gumbad [gwmbt' I N -] dome, fire-temple. gumeg [gwmyk' I M gwmyg] mixture. gumextan, gumez- [gwmyhtn', gwmyc- I M gwmyxtn, gwmyz-] mix. -IAn: mixing, mixture; = gumezagih.

gumezag [gwmyck'] mixture . ..... ih: the Mixture, (the duration of) this material world.

Igund [gwnd I = P] army, troop; group, gathering. Igund [gwnd I N -] testicle. gung [g(w)ng I N -] dumb. gurbag [gwlbk' I N -a] cat. gurd [gwlt' I P gwrd, N -] hero. I_ih: heroism, bravery.

gurdag [gwltk' I N -a] kidney. Igurdih [gwltyh] (some piece of) armour. gurdwar [gwltw'l] befitting a hero. gurg [gwlg I N -] wolf. gurgAnig [gwlg'nyk' I N -i] of (the province) Gurgan. gursag [gwlsk] I N gurusna !] hungry. -ih: hunger.

guAn [gwln' I N -] male. guAnag [gwlnk' I J gufna] hungry. GuAnasp .J$wlnC)sp] the second major Fire of Sasanian Eran, that of

warriors. gyag [gyw'k' I M gy'g, N jay] place.

gyag-rob 39

--rob [-lwp I N jaro(b)] broom. gyan [HY A < A ~y'; y'n' I M gy'n, N jan] soul, ghost. - kandan: give up the ghost; moment of death.

hamband-

--abesplr [-'psp'll N jdn-sipar] reckless, desperate; devoted. -ig [-yk' I M -yg] spiritual; vital. .....war [-wll (P -br), N janwar] animate; animal.

H h- [HWE- < A'" hwh; h- I M h-] be (defective verb). Ihad [HWEt' ! = Av. aat] now, then; that is (= I). IhAd [h't'] a section of the Yasna. hiidaminsar [h'tkm'nsl = Av. ha8a.maOra-] those scriptures dealing

with ritual matters. -ig [-yk'] concerned with the above.

hildoxt [h'twht' = Av. ha8aoxta-] certain scriptural texts; a particular sacrifice.

haft [hpt' I M hpt, N -] seven. -ad [70 I M hpt'd, N -] seventy. -ag [_k' IN hafta] week. -An [-'nIl the seven planets.

haftAr [hpi'll (N kaftar I)] hyena. haftdah [hptdh I N -, hifdah] seventeen. Haftorlng [hptw(k)lng = Av. haptoiringa-] astr. the Great Bear. hagriz [hklc I M hgryc, N hargiz] ever; (with a negative) never. halag [hlk'] foolish, imprudent. -ih: folly, madness.

halim [hl'm I N -] potted meat. halilag [hlylk' I N -a] myrobalan. ham [hm I = M, N -] also; same; v. o. -ih: association, union, harmony.

hamiiber [hm'pyll M h'm'byr] storehouse. hamilg [hm'k' I M h'm'g, N hama] all. .~-den [-dyn'] a complete religious ceremony.

hamagih [hmkyh I N ""i] totality, universality. hamahl [hme)hl] = hamll. hamiil [hm'll N -] equal, peer; comrade, hambadig [hmbtyk'] opponent, adversary. hambah-, v. Ihambastan. hambAh-, -IAn, v. hambAstan. hambin [hmb'n' IN anban(a)] skin bag. hamband [hmbnd] connected. . -ih: connection. hamband-, -IAn, v. Ihambastan.

ham bar 40 hame-rawlsnih

hambar [hmb'll N anbar] store. hambiiridan, hambiir- [hm-, hnb'l-ytnl I M hmb'r-, N anbardan] fill,

collect. hambasiin [hnbs'nl I M'mhs'n] enemy, opponent. ~i~ [-yk l ] inimical, opposing.

hambast [hmbst l I N anbast] compact. Ihambasta~ [hmbstk l IN anbasta] formed, composed. ahambasta~ [hnbstk l I M hmbst] collapsed, fallen. hambiista~ [hmb'stkl] ·all. Ihambastan, hamband- [hmbstn l, hmbnd-] form, compose; bind to­

gether, intertwine, encircle. ~lsnih: binding together, intertwining.

Ihambastan, hambah- [hnbstn l, hnb'h- I M hmbst, hmbh-] collapse, fall down.

hambiistan, hambiih- [hnb'stn l, hnb'd- I M hmb'stn, hmb'h-] cast down, demolish.

~lsn: felling, demolition. ham-basn [hmbInI] of the same stature. hambaw-, -lsn, v. hambiidan. hambiiy [hmb'g I (M hmb'w)] companion, partner; adversary. hambiiz_[hm-, hnb'c I M 'mb'z, N anbaz] partner. hambedi~ [hmbytykl] = hambadi~. hambM-, -lsn [hnbw!-, -In I IN anbO!if] = hambiis-, -lsn. hambOy- [hnbwd- I M hwmbwy-, N anbOy-idan] smell (tr.). ~gih [-'kyh], -lsn: (sense of) smell.

hambiidan, hambaw- [hm- YHWWN-tn l, v. biidan; hmbwtnl] be united, composed.

-lsn(ih) : union, composition. hambun [hmbwnlJ (with a negative) not at all, not in the least. hambilsidan, hambiis- [hnbws-ytn l I N anbiisidan] come into being, be

conceived. -lsn: conception.

ham-dadestan [hm-D YN A, -d'tst'nl I N ham-dastan] agreeable, of the same opinion.

hamdam [hmdm I N -] intimate. ham-desa~ [hmdyskl] of the same form, homomorphous. hame [hm'y I M hmyw, N -] always. ~ ka: whenever.

ham-ed6n [hm'ytwn l I N hamediin] likewise, similatly. hameli~ [hm'yykl I M hmywyg] eternal. ~iha [-yh'] eternally.

hamemal\[hmym'll = J] opponent, adversary. ~ih: opposition.

hamenidan, hamen- [hmyn-ytnl] unite, compose. hame-rawlsnih, hame-ud-hame-rawisnih [(Imz'y W) hm?'ylu,b§n~'~J

eternity.

hamestiir 41

hamestiir, -ih [hmyst'l, -yh] = hamemii}, -ih. hamesa~ [hmy!k l I M hmy!g, N -a] always. -ih: eternity. --soz [-swc] ever-burning.

handarzenidan

hame-wahiir [hm'y wh'll N hamesa-bahar] marigold. ham-ewena~ [hm'dwynkl] of the same kind, homogeneocts. ham-~Ohr [hmgwhl I M hmgwhr] of the same substance or nature,

consubstantial. ham-~Ona~ [hmgwnk l I M hmgwng] likewise, so. P hAmharz [h(')mhlc I P h'mhyrz] adjutant, attendant. hiimin [h'mynl I = M] summer. -i~ [-yk l ] (of) summer.

hAmist [KHDE, v. hammis; h'mstl] all. ham-kiir [hmk'll N -] collaborator. -ih: collaboration.

hamkiswar [h'mky!wll M -wr] universe. hammis [KHDE < A k-l;u1h], az .•• -: together with. hammist [hmystl] stagnant, peaceful. -(al1)iin [-(k)'n l ] limbo, the neutral station between heaven and

hell. hammOxtan, hammoz- [ALPWN-tn l < A ...; 'Lp; hmwhtnl, hmwc-,

hmwz- I M hmwxtn, N amoxtan, amoz-] teach; learn. -isn: teaching.

hammoxtiir [hmwht'l] learner. -ih: learning.

hammoz-, -isn, v. hammOxtan. -~iir [hmwck'll N amozgar] teacher.

ham-nibardih [hmnpltyh] (single) combat. hamO~ [hmwg] equal, like. hiimOn [h'mwnl I N hiimiin] level, flat. hiimoyen [h'mwdynl] all. ham-pursa~ [hmpwrsk l] consulting, taking counsel. -ih: consultation.

ham-I-riinih [hmPnyh] battle, combat. --siimiin [-s'm'n l ] contiguous. --sarda~ [-sltkl] of the same kind, like. --siiyal1 [-s'dkl I N hamsaya] neighbour. --tii~ [-I'kl I N hamta] equal, peer. --tan [-tn l ] of the same stature, build. --tOhma~ [-twhmkl] relative, relation.

hamwar [hmwll N hamwar] level, abreast. hAmwiir(a~) [h(')mw'l, _kl I N hamwara] always. ham-zamiin [hm ODNA I N -] instantly, immediately. handiim [hnd'm I = P, N andam] member, limb. handarz [hndlc I N andarz] advice, injunction, testament. handarzenidan, handarzen- [hndlcyn-ytn l] advise.

handAxtan 42 hanlidan

handaxtan, handaz- [hnd'htn' , hnd'c- I M hnd'c-, N an-] plan, allot, reckon, judge.

-Bin: judgement. handaxtar [hnd'ht'l] planner. handAz-, -fsn, v. handaxtan. -a~ [hnd'ckl I N andaza] measure, manner; - i: like.

handeman [hndym'n l I = M] before, in the presence of. -ih: audience, presence. handeman~ar [hndym'nkl] introducer (into the presence). -ih: introduction.

handesidan, handes- [hndyf-ytn' I M hndyf-, N an-] think, consider, reflect.

-isn: thought, reflection. handesidar [hndyfyt'l] thoughtful. handoxtan, handoz- [hndwhtn' , hndwc- I N an-] gain, acquire, amass. -isn(ih): acquisition. handraxta~ [hndt>htk' I P 'ndrxt] oppressed. -ih: oppression, suffering.

handiidan, jthanday- [hndwtn l I (M 'nwd), N an-] smear, plaster, anoint.

hangad [hngt ' I P 'ngd] fortunate, rich. -ih: fortune, wealth. ban~am [hng'm I N -] time, occasion. -i~ [-yk'] timely. han~Ara~ [hng'lk' I N angara] reckoning. han~ardan, han~ar- [hng'l-tn' I M hng'r-, N an-] consider, reckon. -isn: consideration. han~extan, han~ez- [hngyhtn

', hngyc- I (M hgjyn-), N an-] arouse,

stimulate, stir up. -isn: arousing. han~irdenidan, han~irden- [hngltyn-ytnl] complete, summarize. han~irdi~ [hngltyk l] complete, perfect; summary. -ih: completion, summary. han~OSida~ [hngwfytk' I M 'ngwfydg] way, manner, likeness. - i: like. han~rayidan [hngt>dytn'] lament. han~riida~ [hnglwtk'] lamenting. hanJ-, v. hixtan. hanJaftan [hncptn' I P hnjjt, (M hnzpt)] be finished. hanJAftan, hanJam- [hnc'jjtn' , hnc'm- I P hnj'jt, hnj'm-, (M hnz'pt, N

anjamidan)] finish, complete, carry out. hanJam [hnc'm I N anjam] end, completion, outcome. hanJaman [hncmnl I (P 'njmn, M hnzmn), N anjuman] gathering, assembly,

congregation, community. -i~ [-yk l ] (notable) member of the community.

hanJidan [hnc-ytn' IN -] = hixtan.

hannam 43 hixtan

hannam [hn'm I = M] = handam. Harborz [hlbwlc I N Alburz] the mountain range surrounding the world. har~ [hlg I cf. M hr'g, Ar. xarj, xardj] duty, tribute; work, effort. jtharrob- [hlwp- I M hrwb-] collect, gather. -isn(ih): collection, gathering.

har(w) [KRA < A kl'; hi I M hrw, N har] all, each, every. harwin [hlwynl I M hrwyn] pi. all. harwisp [hlwsfil I M hrwsp] all. -in [_ynl] pi. all. harza~ [hick I I N harza] loose, free. hasar [h'sl = Av. ha8ra-] a measure of time (unequal hour, -h: of day-

light); a measure of length (= frasang, or 1- jrasang, I mile). haspin [hspyn' I = M] rest, repose. hast, -ih [A Y1", -yh] = last, -ih. hasa~ird [hf'klt l I M hf'gyrd, N fagird] disciple, pupil. hast [hftl I = M, N -] eight. -ad [80 I N -] eighty. -dah [hftdh I N -, hiZdah] eighteen.

lhawan [h'wnl I N -] a mortar. Ihawan [h'wn

' = Av. hawani-] the morning gah.

hAwand [h'wnd I M h'w(y)nd] like, similar. -ih: likeness, similarity.

hawist [h'wft '] disciple, pupil. -ih: disciplehood.

haxt [h(')htl] thigh, haunch, hip. haxtan, haz- [h'htn' , h'c-] lead, guide, persuade, convert. -isn: persuasion, conversion.

bazar [r,ooo, he'll M hz'r, N -] thousand. -a~ [_kl I N -a] millennium.

hazzan['/hz'n'] tomb, ossuary. hen [hyn' I M hyyn] army. -ih: attack, aggression.

herbed [hylpt' I N hirbud] teacher-priest. -ih: priestly office.

herbedestan [hylptst'n'] priestly school. -ih: priestly studies. heri~ [hylyk' I N h/xeri] iris, wallflower. heza~ [hyckl I (M hyjg), N hiz] pail. hil-, -iSn, v. histan. hindii~ [hndwkl I M hyndwg, N hindu] Indian. -an [-'n l ] India.

histan, hit-, (P hirz-) [SBKWN-tnl < A"; fbq; (hlc-) I M /zyftn, hyl-, (P hyrz-), N -] let, leave, abandon, pardon, set, appoint.

-isn: pardon, loosing. hixr [hyhl] excrement. hixtan, hanJ- [hyhtn' , hnc- I P hxt] draw (water).

44 huniyii~ih

P ho [hw l I = P] that, he. Hom [hwm I N -) the sacred plant Haoma (ephedra). homiina~ [h(w)m'n'k l IN hamiinii, J xumiinii), 0 ••• -: like. -ih: likeness.

homlist [hwm'st l] various series of prayers. homlen, -i~ [hwmynl, -ykl] of Haoma. -omand [-'wmnd] prepared with Haoma.

Hordad [hwrdt l I M hrwd'd, N Xurdiid] Perfection, the fifth Amahra-spand, guardian of water; tal. 3rd month; 6th day.

hosa~ [hw!k l I M hw!g, N xO"!a] ear of corn, cluster; astr. Spica, Virgo. hMenidan, hosen- [hw!yn-ytn l] (cause to) wither. hosidan, hos- [hw!-ytnl I M hw!-, N x-] dry up, wither. hOy(a~) [hwy, _kl I M hwy] left(-hand). Hrom [hlwm I M hrwm, N Rum] Byzantium, Rome. -ayi~ [-'dyk l] Greek, Byzantine, Roman.

hu- [hw- I = M] good-, well-. -ih: good, goodness.

hu-boy [hwbwd] sweet-smelling, fragrant. -ih: fragrance.

hu-casm [hwc!m] unenvious, benevolent. -ih: benevolence.

hu-cihr [hwcyhll M hwcyhr, (N xujir)] fair, beautiful. huda(ha)~ [hwd'(h)kl = Av. hudiih-] good, beneficent. -ih: beneficence.

hU-I-dast [hwdstl] skilful. --den [-dynl] of good (i.e. Mazdean) religion. --dMa~ [-dw!kl] very pleasing. --ewaz [-'yw'c] of good speech, affable. --ewiizih: affability. --fraward [-plwltl] blessed, the late. hu~ar [hwgl] easy; beneficent. hu+~owisn [hwgwb!nl] of good speech. --~u~lir [-gwk'l] easily digestible. --kunisn [-kwnln l ] of good behaviour. --manih [-m'nyh] good-mindedness, benevolence.

humat [hwmtl = Av. humata-] good thought. humay [hfvm'y I N -] a bird of good omen; eagle. hu-menisn [hwmyn!n l] of good thought. hu-murwa~ [hwmwlw'k l] auspicious. hunar [hwnll M hwnr, N -] virtue, ability, skill. hunarawand [hwnt>wnd I M hwnr'wynd] skilled, virtuous. -ih : Skill, virtue.

hunaromand [hwnt>wmnd I N hunarmand] = hunarawand. hunidan [hwnytn l] extract, express (juice). huniyli~ [hfvnyd'k l I N xunyii] delightful. ~ih: delight, entertainment.

huniyli~ar 45

huniya~ar [hW1lyd'kll N xU1lyiigar] entertainer, musician. hu-niyoxs [hwnydwhl] attentive. hunsand [hwnsnd I = P, (N xursand») happy, contented. -ih: happiness, content.

hunubk [hwnlkl = Av. hunul] offspring (daevic). hunusakenidan [hwnlkynytnl] bear daevic offspring. hu-padida(y) [hwp'thl'(d)] good ruler. -ih: good rule. hu-passanda~ih [hwpsndkyh] satisfaction. hur [SKL < A !kr'; hwl] an alcoholic drink, 4Ikoumiss. huram [hwlm I N xurram !] happy. -ih: happiness.

huram [hwt>m] blissful. hu-I-rama~ [hwlmkl] having good flocks. --rust [-lwst l] well-grown. --saza~ih [-s'ckyh] agreement. --spas [-sp>s] grateful.

imroz

husraw [hwslwbl I (M hwsrwg), N xusraw] famous, of good repute. -ih: fame, good repute.

husk [hw!kl I = M, N xulk] dry. --kun [-STE] impotent.

hu-skoh [hw!kwh] dignified, splendid. -ih: dignity. husnud(a~) [hw!nwt(k) I I M hw!nwd, N xulniid] contented, happy. -ih: contentment, happiness.

hu-tuxs [hwtwh!] artisan. huwarst [hwwl!tl = Av. hwar!ta-] virtue, good deed. hu-xem [hwhym] of good character, good-natured. -ih: good character.

huxt [hwht l = Av. huxta-] good speech.

I i [Y, Z Y- < A zy I M Cy(g), N i) relative pronoun, who, which; contlective

particle. -idan [-ytnl I M -ydn, N -] suffix forming secondary infinitives. -i~ [-ykl I M -yg, N -i] suffix forming adjectives of relation, etc. -ih [--"h I M -yh, -yy, N -i) suffix forming abstract nouns. -iha [-yh' I = M, N -ha] suffix forming adverbs; later, plurals. -ih-istan [-yh-stnl I M -yh-ystn] suffixes forming passive and intransitive

denominative verbs. lm [LZNE < A l-znhj'm I M cym, N -] this. - elm ray: for this reason. - roz: today.

-(I)m jawed

-(I)m [-m' = M, N -am] Ht sg. enclitic pronoun, me, my. -Istan [-stn l I M -yst1l, N ~] SUffix forming secondary i71finitives; v.

-ih-istan. -(I)s [-I I = M, N -al] 3rd sg. enclitic pronoun, him, his, her, it, its. -Isn [-1n l , M -yln, N -if] suffix forming (i) verbal nouns, (ii) necessitative

participles . -(I)t [-t I = M, N -at] 2nd sg. enclitic pronoun, thee, thy. -Iz [-(y)c I M -ye, -yz] adverbial enclitic, also, even. -izag [-yck' I M -yzg, N -iza] diminutive suffix.

JAd [y't l] share, portion. lJadag [ytk

' I M jdg] omen.

Ijadag [ytk'] form, property.

v

J

jAdag [y'tk' I Mj'dg] share, portion; case, cause. jAdag-go(w) [y'tkgwb'] advocate, intercessor. -ih: intercession.

Jadag-wihirih [ytkwhylyh] transformation, alteration. JadArih [yt'lyh] maintenance. ·Jadiin [ytlnl] (accidental) quality, property. -ig [-yk'] accidental, non-essential.

JAdiig [y'twkl I M Pdwg, N jadu] sorcerer, magician. ~ih: sorcery, magic.

·Jay [y'h I N ~] sissoo tree. ja~ar [ykll N jigar] liver. jah-, v. Jastan. Jahisn [yhyln' I J jhyln-] chance, fortune, omen. Jahiin-ayar [yhyln hdyb'll N n. pr. jh!y'r] fortunate. -ih: good fortune.

jahiid [yhwt l I N JuhUd] Jew. lJAm [y'm IN -] glass. IJam [MANE < A m'n-h; y'm I Mj'm, N~] vessel, goblet. ljAmag [y'mkl I N Jama] = Ijiim. Ijamag [y'mkl I Mj'mg, N Jama] clothing, garment. Jan~ [yng I Mjnng, N -] struggle, battle, fight. JAr [y'wll Mpr] time, occasion. jastan, Jah- [ystnl, yh-] happen, occur, chance (to be). ~lsn, v. jahiin.

Jain .[ylnl I N ~] celebration, festival. Jaw [Se < A /crt' I N ~] barley. jawed [y'wyt l I (P y'wyd), N -] eternal.

Jawedan 47 kabIz

Jawedan [LOLMN < A l-'lmn; y''Wyt'nl , (P y'wyd'n, Mj'yd'n), N -] eternally, always.

-ag [_k' I (P .g), N -a] eternal, perpetual. Jawen [Seynl , N jawi1l] made of barley. Jeh [Ylz, yyh = Av.jahi-] the Whore, female a~ch-demon. Jiw [cywl, yywl = Av. jiwya-] (consecrated) milk. .JOIlla [ywm'y] together with; both. Jorda [ywlt'y, -'k , (P yw'rd'w), J ·jwrd'r] corn, grain. Jo(y) [ywd, ywb' I N -] stream, channel. Joy-, -isn, v. Jiidan. Jud [ywdt l I M jwd] separate, different; anti-.

- az [N juz] except, apart from. Judag [ywdt'k' , N juda] separate, different. -ih: separation, difference.

Jiidan, Joy- [ywtnl, ywd- , M jwwdn, (jw-), (N jaundan)] chew; devour (daevic).

-lsn: eating (daevic). Jud-'-bes [ywdt byf] harmless, antidote. ~-dadestan [-D YN A] disagreeable, opposing. --dew [-SDYA] anti-demonic. --nay [-n'd] a fathom (6 ft.).

jud-ristag [ywdt lystk l] schismatic, heretic. ~ih: heresy.

juy [ywg I N~] yoke. jumbagih [ywmb'kyh] motion. jumbenidan, Jumben-[ywmbyn-ytn'] (cause to) move. jumbidan, jumb- [ywmb-ytnl IN -] move. -isn: motion, movement.

jumbihistan, Jumbih- [ywmbyh-stn'] be moved. Juttar [ywdtl i M jwtr] different, otherwise. -ih: opposite, reverse.

Juwan [ywg'nl I (P yw'n), N jawan] young; a youth. ~ih: youth.

juxt [ywht ' I (P ywxt), N juft I] pair, couple.

K ka [AMT < A 'mty I M k', N kt] when; if, since. kabah [kp'h I Ar. qaba] garment, cloak. kabarag [kp'lkl I N ~a] container, vessel. . . kaben [k'Jiynl I N kabin] marriage-portion, dowry (assigned to the brIde). kabig [kpykl I N kab/pi] monkey. kabiz [kpyc I (N kawi.i)] a grain measure, io griw.

kabk

kabk [kpk l I N -] partridge. ~-anJir [-'nc}'ll N ~] a kind of francolin.

kabod [kpwt l I N ~] grey-blue; pigeon. kabotar [kpwtl ! M kbwtr, N -] pigeon. kii~ [k'c I N kal(ki)], ~ ka: would that, if only. kldag [k'tk'] game, joke. kada~ [ktkl I M kdg, N kada] house. ~-biinilg [-b'nwk' I N kadbiinu] mistress, lady of the house. ~ig [-}'k'] domestic; servant.

kamllig

~-xwadiiy [-hwt'}' I P qd}'xwd'}', N kadxudiiJ householder, master of the house.

kadiim [kt'm I M kd'm, N kudiim] which, what. ~-iz-e(w) [-c-HD] whichever.

kadiir [kt'l] who, which. ~-iz-e(w) [-c-HD] whoever.

kaf [kp I N~] foam, slime. kaf-, v. kaftan. kaft [kpc I N ~] ladle, skimmer. ~ag [_k' I N ~a] spoon.

kafs, ~ag [kp!, _kl I N kaf§] shoe. ~gar [-kl I N ~] shoemaker.

kaftan, kaf- [kp-tn'

I P lift, kf-] fall. kah [TBNA < A tbn' I N~] chaff, straw. kiih-, ~isn, v. kiistan. kahas [kts I M khs] channel, sewer. klihenidan, klihen- [k'hyn-ytn'] decrease, lessen (tr.). kiihidan [k'hytnl I N ~] = kiistan. kahist [ksst l] least. kah-rubiiy [khlp'd I N ~ubii] amber. kahwan [khwbnl I M qhwn, N kuhan] old. kiikom [k'kwm I N~] stoat. ~ i sped: ermine.

kiilbod [k'lpwt' I (M k'lbyd), N ~] body, shape, form. ~mand [-'wmnd] corporeal.

kam [km I M kmb, N ~] little, small, few; v. kem. kiim [k'm I = M, N ~] will, desire, purpose. kiim-, v. klimistan. lkamag [k'mkl I N kiima] kinds of gruel, or soup. Ikiima~ [k'mk

' I N kiima] = kiim.

~-hanJam [-hnc'm] gaining one's end, successful. ~-hanJiimih: success. ~omaitd [-'wmnd] willing(ly), desirous. ~-widiir [-wt'll N kiim-gulliir] successful, independent. ~-xwadiiy [-hwt'y] independent, absolute.

kamal [km'll (M km'r)] head (daevic). ~ig [-ykl] chief (daevic).

kaman 49 kamlin [km'n' I = M, N ~] bow. ~dlir [-d'll N -] archer, bowman.

kamar [kmll N -] waist; belt, girdle. ~-band [-bnd I N -] belt. klim~ar [k'mh'll P k'mg'r, N -] powerful, absolute. kamist [kmyst '] least. ~ih: pad -ih, at least.

kardagar

klimistan, klim- [YCBEN-stnl < A y~bh, '" ~bh; k'm-(y)stn l M k'm-yst] want, desire.

kliml-rawli~ [k'm lwb'k l I N ~7"Qwii] successful. ~-zi(w)isn [-zyw!nl] free, independent.

kam-zor [kmzwll N -] weak. ~ih: weakness.

kan-,v.kandan. kanlir [kn'll N ~] side, edge; embrace. ~ag [_k' I M kn'rg, N ~a] edge, limit, boundary. ~a~omand [-k'wmnd I M -gwmnd] limited, finite.

kandan, kan- [HELWN-tn' < A'" /:lpr; kn-dnl, -tnl I M knd, N~] dig; raze, destroy.

kanig [knyk l I M knyg] girl, maid. kaniza~ [knyck' I M knycg, N kaniz(ak)] = kanig. kanti~r [kntgi] quiver. klipilr [k'pwl I Ar. kafur] camphor. kar-, v. kardan. lkar [k'll M k'r, N ~] work, deed, affair. ~ framiidan: put to use.

2kar [k'l], pt. ~an: (other) people. 3klir [k'l] butter. klir-, v. kistan. karafs [klps I N ~] celery. klir-li~lih [k'l'k's I N ~] skilled, experienced. ~ih: skill, experience.

karak [krk' I N ~] quail. karan [kl'nl I P kr',I, N ~] side, edge, end, limit. karawan [k'lw'n' I P k'rw'n, N karwan] caravan, military column. ~ig [-yk l I N ~i] caravaneer, traveller.

karb [klp] priest hostile to Zoroaster. karbas [klb'f I N karbaf, etc.] lizard. karbuna~ [klpnkl, klbnk l] lizard. kard [krt l I M kyrd, N ~] action; matter, affair. klird [SKYNA < A skyn'; k'lt l I N~] knife. lkardag [kltkl] division, section, portion. 2karda~ [krtkl, kitkl I N karda] action. kiirdlig [k'ld'k '] traveller, wanderer, migrant. karda~lin [krt-, kltk'n l I M kyrdg'n] action. kard~~ar [krtk'il M kyrdg'r, N ~] mighty.

C~684 E

kardan 50 kehtar

kardan, kun-, (P kar-) [Ol1YDWN-tn' <: A ,y'bd; krtn', kwn-, (hi-) I M kyrdn, kwn-, (P kr-), N~] do, make, act, perform.

-isn, v. kunisn. kardar [hrt-, klt'll N ~] active; worker, doer. -ih: activity.

kard-espas [krtsji's] servant, attendant. karezar [k'lye'll M k'ryz'r, N karzar] battle(-field). kar-framan [k'lplm'n' I M k'rprm'n, Ar. qahraman] manager, overseer. karg [klg I N -] rhinoceros. kargas [klk's I N kargas] vulture. karig [k'lyk' I N kari] active; warrior. ~ih: activity.

kark [klk' I N -] chicken, hen. karkehan [klkyhn'] chalcedony. karm [klm I P krm] action. karmir [klmyr] red, crimson. kar-namag [k'ln'mk'] record, chronicle. karr [kll M qr, N -] deaf. karxM [klhwll (N carxu!t)] wine-press. ·karzang [kleng I M kyrzng, (N xarfang)] crab; astr. Cancer. kas [A Y8 < A 'yll M ks, N ~] person, somebody. ~-iz [-e] anybody, (with a negative) nobody.

kasken [k'skyn'] lapis lazuli. ~(ag) murw [_k' IN kiiskina] ·magpie. -en [-yn'] blue-green; of lapis lazuli.

kastan, kah- [k'stn', k'h- I N -] diminish, decrease, lessen. -isn: decrease, diminution.

kastar [kst'l] destroyer, wrongdoer. ~ih: destruction, iniquity.

kastar [k'st'l] diminisher. kas [kll N -] armpit. kasawag [kIwk' I N kafm.v] tortoise. kask [klk' I N ~] dried buttermilk. kastig [kltyk' I N kafti] boat, ship. ·kawadak [kw'tk'] young; baby; v. kodak. lkay [A YMT < A 'ymt I N ~] when? Ikay [kd I N ~] title of the dynasty of Wistasp (patron of Zoroaster),

Kayanian. ~ak [_k'] ruler hostile to Zoroaster.

kayk [kdyk' I N -] flea. ke [MNW < A mn-w I M ky, N ki] who, which. P kei! [kye I = P] person, somebody. ked [kytJ I P qydyg] soothsayer, magician. -igih [-ykyh] soothsaying, prophecy.

keh [ks I M kyh, N ~] small(er), less(er), young(er). ~tar [-tll N~] = keh.

kem 51

kem [kym] less, fewer; v. kam. ken [ky,,' I = M, N kin(a)] hate, malice, revenge. ~ig [-yk'] malicious, vengeful.

kennar [kn'l] lyre, harp. ~-sray [-sl'd] harpist.

kenwar [kynwll (M kynw'r), N kinawar] vengeful, vindictive. ~ih: vindictiveness.

ker [kyll N ~] penis. kesar [kysl] Caesar. kes [ky! I = M, N ~] dogma, faith (especially non-Mazdean). ~-dar [-d'l] sectary, non-NIazdean.

kesidan, kes- [k(y)l-ytn' I (M krl-), N kafidan] pull, draw. Kewan [kyw'n' I Ar. kaywan] astr. Saturn. kewiid [k}'Pwt' I M k'ywd] box, ark. kilel [klyll N kilid)] key. kirb [klp I M kyrb] body, form. kirbag [krpk' I M kyrbg, N kirfa] virtue, good deed. ~ig [-yk'] virtuous, pious.

kirbakkar [krpkBll M kyrbkr] beneficent. ~ih: beneficence.

k(;sk

kirih- [OBYDWNyh-, v. kardan, klyh- I M kyryh-] be done, made. -

kirm [klm I M krm, N~] worm, serpent. kirrenidan, kirren- [klyn-ytn'] rend; create (daevie). kirrog [k(y)lwk' I M qrwg] artisan, craftsman; skilled. ~ih: arts, crafts, craftsmanship, skill.

kis [k(y)ll M kI, N -] furrow, line. kisniz [kInye] = gisniz. kistan, or- [ZLYTWN-tn' < A,y zr'; kyltn', k'l-I M kylt, k'r-, N-]

till, furrow; sow. kistar [ZLYTWNt'l] tillage. kisw, -an [kyfw', _'n' I P kyif'n] tillage. ~(an)zar [-e'll (N kiltzar)] field.

kiswar [kyfwll M kylwr, N ,..",] region, clime, continent. kiswzar, v. kiswanzar. kob-, v. koftan. kodak [kwtk' I M qwdk, N -] young, small; baby. kof [kwp I = M, N kOh] hill, mountain; hump. ~ag [_k' I N kOha] saddle. -ig [-yk' I N kOhl] wild, mountain-.

koftan, kob- [kwp-tn' I N -] beat, pound, crush. kor [kwll M kwr, N -] blind. --dil [-dyll M -dyl, N -] blind-hearted, incorrigible.

kostan [kwstn' I = M, N -] beat, pound. kM-, v. koxs-. kosk [kwlk' I N -] pavilion, palace, kiosk.

ko(x)sidan 52 laskar

ko(x)!Hdan. ko(x)s- [kzc(/z)!-ytn ' 1 M kws-ydll, N k6!idall] strive, struggle, endeavour.

-isn: strife, combat. -isnig: energetic.

koy [kwd 1 N -] street, lane. kii [A YK < A 'yk 1 M hw, N kit, lii] where; that; than. - gya~ [N kuja] where. - ta: so that.

kiic(ak) [kwe(k' ) 1 N kiicak] small. kiik [kwk'] small, short. kulacag [kwPek ' 1 N kulica] small, round bun. kuliif [kwi'p 1 N kulah] cap, bonnet. -ak [_k'] 1 N -hak] little cap; calyx.

kulang [kIng 1 N -] crane. kullag [kwlk'] locust. kumig [kwmyk'] stomach. kun-. -isn. v. kardan. kuniSn. kiin [STE < A ·!t-h; hwn l

1 N -] rump, buttocks, anus. kundag [knd'k' 1 M qnd'-, N kunda] magician, soothsayer. -ih: magic, astrology.

kundur [kwndll N -] frankincense. kunisn [kwn!nl 1 M kwny!n] action, deed. -gar [-kll M -gr] doer, performer.

kunJid [SMg < A !mfm'; kwne(y)t ' 1 N -] sesame. kiin-marz [kwnmle] sodomite; sodomy. kurkum [kwlkwm] saffron. kurrag [kwlk' 1 N -a] foal, colt. lkust [kwst l] side, direction; district. 2kust [kwst' 1 Ar. quS!] costus. kustag [kwstk l 1 M kwstg] = lkust. -bed [_ptl] district-commander.

kustig [kwstyk' 1 N -iJ sacred girdle. kustan. kus- [NKSWN-tn l < A .y nks; kwl-tn' 1 M kw!t, kw!-, N -]

kill.

\ L

lab [Ip 1 1'.11b, N -] lip. labag [I'Pk 1 (M r'b), P l'b, N laba] supplication. labakkar [I'jikkl] suppliant. -ih: Supplication.

laJan [lent 1 N -] mud, slime. larzidan.larz- [lIe-ytn' 1 P lrz-, N -] shiver, tremble. laskar [I!kl 1 N -] army.

I,

laskarig 53

-ig [-yk' 1 N -i] soldier. -igih: soldiering.

lawzenag [Iweynk' 1 N -ina] almond sweetmeat, marzipan. ·lipi [Ipyh] a minute (of arc).

M ma [AL < A '11 M m>, N -] not (prohibitive).

- agar [N magar] perhaps; lest. mad [AM < A 'm-y, v. madar 1 M m'd] mother. Imadag [NKlJ < A nqb; m'tkl 1 (M m'yg), N mada] female. -ih: femininity.

2madag [m'tk' 1 (M m'yg, N maya)] essence, substance. -ig [-yk l ] essential. -war [-'wl] essential, especial, principal.

madan [mtnl 1 M mdn] come. madar [mt'l] corner. madar [AMYtl < A 'm-y; m'tll M m'dr, N -] mother. Imadayan [m'tgd'n' 1 M m'dy'n] book. %madayan [m'tyd'n'] essence, basis, core; essential, chief. madayar [m'tgd'l] steward; (chess) rook, castle. madist [m'ty!t l] ·matter, protoplasm. madiyan [m'tyg'n 1 N -] mare. may [my 1 N -] hole, pit. magas [mks 1 P mgs, N -] fiy. - i anguben: honey-bee.

magind [mkn'd 1 M mgyn(d)] shield, protection.

manbed

mah [BYRH < A b-yrQ; m'h 1 = M, N -] moon, month; eal. 12th day. mahig [m'hyk' 1 M m'hyg, N mahi] fish; astr. Pisces. mAhigAn [BYRH-, m'hyk'nl 1 M m'hyg'n, N mahiyan] month. mahist [msstl, mhstl 1 M mhyst, N -] greatest. makog [mkwk l 1 M mkfvg, N mak6{k)] boat. malidan [m'lytn l 1 N -] = mustan. man [L < A l-y 1 M mn, N -] I, me. man [m',,1 1 = M] house, dwelling. Iman-.v. mandant smAn- [m'n- 1 = M] live, dwell. -U~n: dwelling, sojourn.

3mAn- [m'n- 1 = M, N -] resemble. mAnag [m'nk l 1 P m'ng] mind. manag [m'n'k l 1 M m'n'g, N mana] like, resembling. -ih: likeness, resemblance.

mAnbAn [m'np'nl] watch-dog. manbed [m'npt l ] master of the house.

mind 54

mind [m'nd I = M] house. mAndag [m'ndk' I M m'ndg, N ~a] tired; remiss; fault, sin. ~ih: tiredness.

mast

mAndan, Iman- [KTLWN-tn' < A"'; ktr I M m'nd, N~] stay, remain; v. also 2,3mlin-.

mang [mng] henbane. mAnig [m'nyk'] household member. mlinistan [KTLWNstn'] = mandan. maniAt [m'ny!t l] abode, dwelling. ~ag [_k'] sedentary, settled.

mins8r [m'nsl = Av. ma8ra-] (holy) word, spell. ~-bar [-bl] priest. ~spand [-spnd = Av. spmta-] holy word; v. maraspand.

Imar [mll M mr, N~] number, reckoning, accountj class. Imar [ml] scoundrel, felon. mAr [m'll N ~] snake. mar-, ~iAn, v. mardan. marag [mlk'] number. mArig [m'l'k'] perceptive, sensitive. Maraspand [m'rspnd I N ~] (= mlins8rspand), cal. 29th day. ·mar~abuk [mlcPJiwk'] brave, valiant. ~ih: bravery, valour.

mard [GBRA < A gbr'j mltl I M m(y)rd, N ~] man. mlirdan, mar- [m'l-tn l] perceive, notice, feel. ~iAn: perception. ~iAn~mand [-!n'wmnd] perceptive.

mardanag [mlt'nk l I N ~a] manly, brave. ~ih: manliness, bravery. mard~m [ANSWTA < A 'n!wt'j mltwm I M mrdwhm, N mardum] man,

mankind, people. ~ih: humanity, humanness.

mardGm-zadag [mltwm z'tkl I N mardum-ziid] human being. ~ih: humanity.

marg [mlg I M mrg, N ""] death. ~-arzan [-'lc'n l] deserving death. ""ih: = marg. ""'" ",,6mand [-'wmnd] mortal.

mlirig [m'lyk l I M m'ryg-] word, spell. marw [mlwl I M mrw, N "", (mary)] herb. marz [mic I M mrz, N ""] boundary, march; astr. term. marz1lngM [mlcngw! IN",,] marjoram. marzidan, marz- [mlc-ytnl I M mrzyst, mrz-] copulate. ""iAn(ih): copulation, fornication.

marz(o)ban [mlcp'nl IN",,] margrave, warden of the marches. -masay [-ms'd] suffix, -sized. mast [mst l I = M, N ""] bemused, intoxicated.

~ I I

!

mist 55

mast [m'st l I N ~] curds, sour milk. mastarg [mstlg I (M mstgrg)] skull. mast6g [mstwk'] intoxicated, drunken. ""ih: intoxication, drunkenness.

mU [m'! IN",,] vetch, pulse. lmaAk [mlk' I N -] mussuck, skin bag (for liquids). 2maAk [mlk l I N ma!ha] tent, pavilion. ""abarzen [-'Plzyn l I M mlkbrzyn] royal pavilion.

maAkizag [mfkyck' I N ""a] small mussuck, skin 'table-cloth'. man [mhf] fly. may [HS < A /:Imr' ?j mdy 1 M my, N ""] wine. mayan [mdy'n l I M my'n, N miyan] middle; among, between. ""ag [_k' I N ""a] middling, average.

mayanJig [mdy'ncykl I N miyanji] mediator, intermediary. ""ih: mediation.

mayg [KMCA < A qm~'; mdk' 1 N ""] locust. maylAn [m'dfnl] copulation. mazandar [m'z-, m'cndl] arch-(demon), gigantic. mazanig [m'znyk l] (demon) of Mazan.

mewag

mazdesn [m'gd(y)sn l I M m'zdys] Mazda-worshipping, Mazdean. ""ih: Mazda-worship, Mazdaism.

mazg [mzg I (M mgj, N mayz)] brain, marrow. mazgit [mzgt l 1 N~] mosque. medy6zarm [mytywkzlm = Av. mailly6i.zarJmaya"] spring. mey [myy I P myg, N ""] cloud, mist. meh [ms I M mhy, myh, N ""] great(er), old(er). mehan [myhn' 1 N ""J home. mehenidan, mehen- [msyn-ytn l] increase, magnify. ""IAn: increase.

mehman [m(')h~'n' I P myhm'n, N ""] inhabitant, guestj acceptable. -ih: habitation; hospitality.

mehtar [mstl, ms'tl « P ms'dr) IN",,] elder, senior. -ih: adulthood.

menidan, men- [myn-ytn l 1 M mll-, N man-] think, consider. -iAn: thought, intention, disposition. -iAnig: thoughtful.

men6g [mynwB I M mynwg, N mina] spiritual, heavenly; spirit. ""ig [-yk l] spiritual. . ",,(ig)ih: spirit, spirituality.

menog-wen [mynwB HZYTWN] having spiritual insight. -ih: spiritual insight.

merag [mylk l] young man, husbaJ}d. meA [HLLN < A r/:ll ?j my! I = 1', N ""] sheep, ewe. meAag [my!kl] urine. meA-sar [myfs'll N ~] having a sheep's head (ornament). mewag [mywk l 1 M myw, N mewa] fruit.

mex 56

mex [myh i P myx, N -] peg, nail. - i ~iih: astr. Polaris, pole star.

1-3mez_, v. mezidan, mezisn, mistan. mezd [myC)zd I N mez] offering, meal. -biin [-p'n l I N -] host.

mezidan, Imez- [mye-ytn l] suck. 2mezisn [mycfn

'] blinking, twinkling.

mih [mtl] false, contrary, opposite. mihoxt [mytwhtl] falsehood.

muJAn

Imihr [mtrl I M myhr, N -] Mithra; sun; eal. 7th month; 16th day. 2mihr [mtrl, etc.] contract, bond. 8mihr [mtrl, etc.] love, friendship. mihrbiin [mtrlp'nl I P myhrb'n, N -] friendly, kind. mihr-droz [mtrldlwe] = mihrodruJ. mihrodruJ [mtrl>w-, mtrwk-dlwe = Av. miBro.drujim] contract-breaker. -ih: breaking faith.

mihr-zan [mtr1zn l] = mihrodruJ. miJ(a~) [mye(k' ) I N muz(a)] eyelid; eyelash. miJii~ [mye-, myfwkl I N mizu] lentil. mir-, v. murdan. mistan, 3mez- [mst"I, mye- I N mezidan] urinate. -isn(ih) : urination. miza~ [m(y)ek' I N maza] taste. -diirih [-d'lyh] (sense of) taste. -omand [-'wmnd] tasty. .

mizd [m(y)zd IN muzd] reward, hire, pay. -war [-wbll N -ur] hireling.

-mizne [m(y)znydy] mist, dew. mo~ [mwk'] sho-Z--moy-mard [mgw-mltl, -gGBRA I N mu,,] magus. mor [mwl I N -] ant. mord [mwltl IN -] myrtle. morwiirid [mwlw'lyt l I M mwrw'ryd, N -] pearl. ·mowbed [mgwptl I N mobad] Mazdean priest. moy [mwd I N -] hair. __ moya~ [mwdk l IN moya] lamentation. moyen [mwdynl] (made of) hair. moz [mwe I N -] banana. moza~ [mwekl I N moza] shoe. ~iida~ [mwtk l] spoilt, destroyed. muy [DKRA < A dql' I N mux] date-palm. muhr [mwdll M mwhr, N -] seal. , -a~ [mwhlk l I P mwhrg, N -a] beacf, vertebra, piece (in backgammon,

etc.). -muhrisn [mwtlfn

'] excrement.

muUin [mwl'nl] belly (daevic).

I

I 1-, I I

murd 57

P murd [mwltl I P mwrt !] death. murdan, mir- [YMYTWN-tn' < A ymwtwn, ,,; mwt; mwltnl I M

mu'rd, myr-, N -] die. murdar [mwrt'l, mwld'll N -] carrion. murnJenidan, murnJen- [mwlncyn-ytn l ] destroy. murw [mwlw l I M mwrw, (N mury)] bird. murwii~ [mwlw'k' I M mwrw', N murwa] omen. murwiza~ [mwlwyekl] little bird. murw-nis [mwlwny/] augur, soothsayer. Imust [mwstl] force, violence. 2must [mwst l] = must. 8must [mwst l] complaint. mustl-abarmand [mwstPplm'nd] aggressive, aggressor. -~ar [-ki] violent, rebellious.

must6mand [mwst'wmnd I N mustmand] complaining, unhappy. Imusk [mw/kl I N -] musk. -musk [mw/k' I (N mUl)] mouse, rat. must [mwlt l IN -] fist. mustan, miil- [mwltn' , m'l- I N -] rub, sweep.

N nab [np I N nawa] grandson. nabanazdist [nb'nzdlt ' = Av. naba1lazdista-] next of kin. naf [n'p I M n'p] family. -ag [_k' I N na/(a)] navel.

Inaft [npt l I = M, N -] moist, damp; naphtha. 2naft [nptl] descendant. nahan~ [nsng] province. -nakkira [nkyl'ji] denying, repudiating. -yib: repudiation.

niil- [n'l- I P (n'r-), N -] groan, complain. nam [nm IN -] moisture. nam [SM < AIm; n'm I = M, N -] name, fame. namad [nmt' I N -] felt. namag [MGLTA < A mglt'; n'mkll M n'mg, N nama] book, letter. namak [nmk

' I M nmyhk, N -] salt.

namaz [OSGDE < A sgdh; nm'e I = M, N -] reverence, prostration, prayer.

- burdan: pay homage. nam-burdar [n'm bwlt'll N -] heir, preserving the father's name. namcl§t [n'm-, SMelt l], (pad) -: in particular, especially. -ig [_y,~IJ famous, well known.

nAmI~ 58

nami~ [n'myk' I N ntimi) famous, renowned. ~ih: renown.

nan [LHMA < A llzm'; n'n' I = M, N~] bread, food. nan~ [nng I N~] shame, modesty. nar [ZKL < A zkr; nll M nr, N ~] male, manly. nar~is [nlgs I N ~] narcissus. nari~ [n'(y)lyk'] woman, lady, wife. narm [nlm I M nrm, N~] meek, humble, soft. nasa [ns'y I M n(y)s'h, N ~] corpse, carrion. nask [nsk' I N ~] a division of the Avesta. nasruit(ih) [nslwft', -yh] pollution, corruption. nastaran [nstln' I N ~] dog-rose, sweet briar. nawad [90 I N~] ninety.

nero~l)mand

nax~ir [nhcyll M nhcyhr, P nxcyr, N -] game, quarry, chase. naxl)d [nhwt' I N -] chick-pea. P naxia~ [nhfk' I P nxfg] good, fine. naxun [n'hwn' I N -] (finger) nail. naxust [nhwst' I M nxwst, N -] first. nay [KNYA < A qny'; n'd IN -] reed, cane. nay-, v. nidan. nay [n'd I M n'y, N -] tube, flute, clarion; pole, perch (10 ft.). - pazd-: blow, play the flute. -nayda~ [n'ywt'k'] deep, unfordable, navigable. nayestiin [KNYAst'n' I N -] reed-bed, cane-brake. nayiza~ [n'yck' I N -a] small reed, straw. nay-sray [n'dst>d] flautist. nazd [nzd I = M, N -] near. nazdik [nzdyk' I = M, N -] near. ~ih: proximity.

nazdist [nzdst'] first. naziin [n'cfn' I N nazif] I. boasting; 2. kindness. nazuk [n'cwk' I (M n'zwg), N -] tender, gentle; fickle. ne [LA < A l' I M ny, N na] no, not. nek [nywk' I M nyk, N -] good, beautiful. -ih: goodness. nek-~ohr [nywk gwhl] good-natured, virtuous. -ih: goodness, virtue. nekl)~ [nywkwk' I M nyyqww!, N nekO] = nek. nem [PRG < Aplg; nym I = M, N -] half. -a~ [nymk' I N -a] half, side, direction. --asp [-'sp] centaur; astr. Sagittarius. --rl)z [-lwc I M -rwc, N -] midday, south. --tan [-tn' I N ~] middle of the body. neran~ [nylng I N -] incantation, charm, spell. nerl)~ [nylwk' I M nyrwg, N nero] strength, power. ~l)mand [-'wmnd] strong, powerful.

nest S9

nest [LOYT' < A P 'yty I M nyst, N -] is not. ~ih: non-existence.

new [T~ < A tb; nyw' I = M, N -] good, brave. --ardaxiir [nyw'lthfyll N nard!] backgammon. neza~ [nyck' I N neza] lance. nezuman, -i~ [nycwm'n', -yk' I M nyzwm'n] dextrous skilful. -ih: skill, artistry. '

nibard [nplt' I N nabard] fight, struggle, battle. ~a~ [_k' I N -a] tried, experienced.

nlbardidan. nibard- [nplt-ytn' I P nbrd'd] fight, do battle.

nihan~

nibastan, nibay- [SKBHWN-tn' < A'" fkb; npstn', npd- I M nbst] lie down, sleep.

nibastan. -nibay- [np'stn' I M nb'st, nb'y-] lay down. nibe~ [npyk' I N niwe] writing, scripture, book. nibem [npdm I (P nbdm-)] lying, prostrate. niblitan, nibes- lKKTYBWN-stn' < A yktbwn, '" ktb; npftnl I M

nbylt, nbys-, N -] write. nidan, nay- [YD(B)LWN-tn' < A ydbrwn, '" dbr I M nyydn, ny-]

lead. nidom [nytwm] least, smallest. nifrida~ [nplytk l I N ni/rid] accursed. nlfrin [nplyn' I N -] curse. ni~iih [nk's I M ng'h, N -] look, attention.

- da§tan: watch, keep. ~ kardan: look. --darih, --dariinih [-d'l(hl)yh i N -dari] keeping, care. ni~iin [nk'n' I P ng'n] buried. ni~ar- [nk'l- I M ng'r-, N -] draw, design, paint. -a~ [_kl I (M ng'r, N nigar)] image, picture, diagram. ni~istar [nk'st'l) guard; protective. ni~eridan, ni~er- [nkyl-ytn' I N nigaridan] look, observe. ~iin: observation. -iini~: evident, manifest. ni~extan, ni~ez- [nkyhtn', nkyc-] expound. ~iin: exposition. ni~ez [nkyc] exposition. ni~un [nkwn' IN -] inverted, upside down. ~ih: depth, downward direction. ~sar [-s'll M ngwns'r] downwards. nihada~ [nyd'tk' I M nyh'dg] foundation. nihidan, nih- [HNHTWN.tn' < A hnlzt, '" nlzt I M nyh'd, nyh-, N -]

put, place, establish. nihil [nh'll N -] sapling, self-planted tree. nihiin [nyh'n' I N -] concealment, secrecy. -i~ [-yk' I N ~i) secret. nihan~ [nsng] small, few.

nihuftan 60 nizar

nihuftan, nihumb- [nhwptnl, nhwmb-I = M, N -] cover, hide, conceal, clothe.

nihumbidan [nhwmbytn l] = nihuftan. ·nikohidan, nikoh- [nkwh-ytnl 1 N -] blame, execrate. -isn: blame. -isnig: blameworthy, execrable.

nil [nyll N -] indigo. nilopal [nylw(k)pl 1 N -, nilofar] lotus, water-lily. nimiidan, nimay- [nmwtnl, nm'd-I M nmwdn, nm'y-, N -] show, guide. nirfs- [nlps-] wane, decrease. -isn: decrease, diminution.

nirmad [nylmt l] profit, interest. -omand [-'wmnd] profitable.

P nisag [nys'k l 1 P nys'g] bright, splendid. nis- [nyl- 1 M nyyl-ydn, J -] see, observe. nisiin-, v. nisastan. nisan [nyl'nl 1 = M, N nUan] sign, mark, banner. nisast [nlst l 1 N -] association. nisastan, nisin- [YTYBWN-stn l < A '" ytb; nlstnl I M "Ist, (nlyy-),

N -] sit. nisastan, nisan- [YTYBWN-stnl, -'n-; nI'stnl, nl'n-I M ni'st,(nI'y-),

N -] set, seat, plant, found. nisayisn [nI'd!n1 1 M nI'y-, v. nisastan] foundation. niseb [nlyp 1 N -] declivity; astr. dejection. -ig [-yk l ] declining.

niAem [nldm 1 M nlym, N -an] seat, perch. -ag [-kl] residence, abode.

niAin-, v. nisastan. niwag [nw'kl 1 M nw'g, N nawa] music, song, melody. -niwe [nwykl I (N nuwed)] good news. .niwey-, -isn, v. niwistan. .niweyenidan [nwykyn-ytnl] = niwistan. niwistan, -niwey- [nwstnl, nwyd- I nwyk-] announce, consecrate.

.... iAn(ih): announcement. nixwar- [nswb'l- 1 M nyxw'r-] hasten. -iAn: haste.

niyabag [nyd'pk l 1 M ny'bg] becoming, fitting, suitable. -ih: suitability.

niyag [nyd'kl 1 M ny'g, N niya] grandfather, ancestor. niyayiAn [nyd'dlnl 1 N ....jl] prayer, praise. niyaz [nyd'c 1 M ny'z, N .... ] need, want, misery. -omand [-'wmnd 1 N _and] needy. -omandih: poverty.

niyo(x)8idan, niyo(x)A- [n(y)dwhl-ytnl 1 M nywl-, N niyo!idan] hear. -isn: hearing. .

nizar [nz'll (P nyz'wr), N -] weak, feeble.

nizarih

-ih: weakness. nizarih- [nz'lyh-] become weak. no [TSA < A tI' 1 M nwh, N nuh] nine. nog [7m:k l 1 :M "wg, N nafc] new, recent. --roz [-Irvc 1 N narvroz] New Year's day. --zad(ag) [-z't(k)1 I N nawzad] new-born.

nohom [nhwm 1 = M, N -] ninth. nozdah [nwzdh 1 N -] nineteen. niin [KON < A ken 1 M, J nwn] now.

o o [OL < A (I; 'w 1 M 'w] to, at; v. also oh. - gird amadan: gather, collect (intr.). - ham kardan: gather (tr.). - ham rnadan: gather (intr.); come to an end.

·obad-, v. obastan, ·oftadan. obardan, obar- ['wp'l-tn l 1 M 'wb'rd] swallow, devour. obastan, ·obad- [NPLWN-stn I < A'" npl; 'wpstnl, 'tVpt- (if not oft-,

q.v.) 1 M 'wbyst, J 'wpst-] fall. ·oftadan,oft- ['wpt- 1 M 'wpt'd, N uft-] fall. ogar ['wk'l] ebb. ogardan, ogar- [,wk'l-tnl] remove, expel. ·ogra ['wgl'y] declination, dip. oh [KN < Akn 1 M 'wh] so, thus; (with verbs, giving a sense of uncertainty)

may, perhaps. Ohrmazd ['whrm;;d 1 M 'whrm(y)zd, N H6rmuzd] Ahura Mazda; astr.

Jupiter; col. 1st day of the month. -om [-wm 1 = M, N -] suffix forming ordinal numbers from panJom

onwards. . -ornand [-'wmnd 1 M -wmnd, N -mand] suffix formi7lg adjectives of

quality . ·oreb(ih) [,wlyp(yh)] disappointment. oron ['wlwnl 1 M 'wrwn] hither. az • • . -: since.

()san- ['ws'n- 1 = M] throw down. ospurdan, ospar- ['wspl-tnl] tread, trample. ostO, v. awesto. ost ['wst l] firm, reliable. ostigiin ['wstyk'nl 1 M hwstyg'n, N ustuwan?] firm, strong, sure, reliable. ....ih: reliability.

108 [>wl 1 = M, N hol] consciousness, intelligence. -ih: = os.

20S ['wf 1 = M] death.

aM ['w!] dawn. ~Aastar ['w!stl] east.

62

oA(e)bam ['w!b'm I M 'w!yb'm] dawn. ~Amarall ['w!m'lkl I N lumara] calculation, reckoning.

padirallih

Mmurdan, oAmiir-, (Mmur-) [MNYTWN-tn' < A"'; mnh; 'w!mwltnl, 'whn'l- I M '(w)lm'r-, N !umurdan, lumar-] count, reckon; consider, notice, remember, study.

-iAn: reckoning; consideration, study. ~Amurdill ['whnwltyk'] calculated (of the solar calendar). ~A~mand ['w!'zomnd] mortal. Myar ['w!d'll N h-] conscious. lSw~n ['Wgwnl I M "wn] as, so. ~y [OLE < A <l-h I M 'wy, N -] he, she, that; (pl. awesan). ·~yriAt ['w(k)yllt ' = Av. awaoirilta-] a degree of sin. ~z ['wc] strength, power. ~zadan, ~zan- [YKTLWN-, YKTLWN-tn l < A yqt/wn, ",; qtl; 'wctnll

M 'wzdn, 'wzn-] kill. -~ziirak ['wc'lkl I M hwz'rk] little, small, few. ozomand ['wc'wmnd] strong, powerful.

p pa(~)~en [pcgnl] copy. ·pa(~)~iball [pcy/lk', PWNc- I N ·paJiw] ·deceptive. -ih: deceit, hypocrisy. ·pa(~)~ibiiy- [pcyp'd-, PWNc-] deceive. pad [PWN, for ·pty I M pd, N pal to, at, in, on. pad- [pt- I M ·pd-] fall. padam [pd'm I (N panam)] mask for the mouth, worn by a celebrating

priest. Ipildan, pay- [NTLWN-tn' < A ",; ntr; p'tnl, p'd- I M p'd,p'y-, N

payidan] protect, watch, defend. Ipiidan, pAy- [NTLWN-tnl, etc.] stand, wait. piidiiAn [p'td'!nl I M p'd'!yn, N pada!] reward, retribution. padex [ptyhw'] flourishing, prosperous. -ih: prosperity.

padexenidan, padexen- [ptyhwyn-ytn'] make flourish, prosper. pAdez [p'tyc I M p'dyz, N payez] autumn. pad-Ilohr [PWNgwhl] 1. jewelled; 2. of good stock, well-born. pAdlfriih [p'tpl's I M p'dypr'h, N ·padafrah] punishment, retribution. padir-, -lAn, v. padirlftan. padirall [ptylkl I M pdyrg, N pailira] towards, against, counter-. (0) '" madan: come to meet. -ih: meeting, opposition.

!,

f'

piidiriin pahikiirdan

piidiriin [p'tgl'nl] restrained, held back. piidirlin(en)idan, padiran(en)- [p'tgl'n(yn)-ytnl] restrain, impede. padirlftan, padir- [MKRLWN-t'll < A mqbl, ",; qbl; ptgl-ptnl I M

pdyr-}'ptn, N pailiruftan] receive, accept. -lAn: reception, acceptance.

Ipadlsiir [ptys'll N padisar ?] beginning, basis. Ipadlsiir [ptys'l] bridle, halter. padlsiiy [pts'd I M pdys'y] on account of, for the sake of. padlst [ptstl I P pdyst] promise, vow. - (abar) burdan: promise.

padistiidan; padist- [ptyst-'tn l I (P pdystwd)] promise, vow. padistii(ll) [ptyst'k' I (M pdyst'w)l = padist. padiA [pt! I M pdy!] to him, it; postposition (= pad) to, etc. padiAtiin [ptylt'nl I P pdy!t»n] leg. padiAxwar [pt/hwl] dish, bowl. piidixAii(y) [8LYTA < A Sly!'; p'thl'(d) I M p'dxl'y] ruler; powerful,

authoritative, authorized. -ih: sovereignty, authority.

piidixAir [p'thlyl] agreement, treaty. pad-neroll [PWNnylwkl] strong. pad-nillerlAn [PWNnkylln'] cared for, guarded. piidofriih [p'twpl's] = piidifrah. pad-piinall [PWNp'nkl] guarded, protected. P pAdrazm [p'tlcm] battle. piid-rozag [p'tlwck

' I M p'drwcg] fasting.

piid-uzwiin [p't'wzw'nl] reticent. -ih: reticence.

pad-wiziin [PWNwcynl] choice, select. pAdyiib [p'ty'p I N -] ritually clean; ceremonial ablution. -ih: ceremonial ablution. ,.

pAdyAwand [p'tyd'wnd I J p'dywnd] strong, powerful. -ih: strength, superiority ..

piidzahr [p'tzhll N pa(d)zahr] bezoar, antidote. pad-zyan [PWNzyd'nl] harmful. pafAiir- [ppS'I-] shame. pafAir- [pp!yl-] be ashamed. -iAn(ih): shame.

pah [p'h] sheep. -ast [-st l ] sheep-fold,-pen.

pahlkaftan, pahikaf- [ptkp-tn' I M phykf-] fall on, touch, hit, attack. -lAn: attack, fight. .

pahikiiftan, pahikiif- [ptk'p-tnl] throw on, make fight. pahikar [ptkll M phykr, N paykar] picture, image. pahlkiir [ptk'll M phyk»r, N paykar] struggle, battle, dispute. Ipahlkiir- [ptk'l-] fight, contend with, defeat. pahikiirdan, 2pahikiir- [ptk'l-tn'] request, claim, consult.

pahikoftan pardaxtan

pahlkoftan, pahikob- [ptkwp-tn'] strike. pahlawig ["'p)hlwbyk' I (M phlw'nyg), N pahlaw(till)i] Parthian; Pahlavi. pllhlom [p'hlwm] excellent, best, foremost. ~ih: excel1ence.

pahlUg [p'hlwk' I N palzlu] side, rib. pahn [p'hn' I N~] wide, broad. ~ay [-'d I N ~a] width, breadth.

Ipahrextan, pahrez- [p'hlyhtn', p'hlye- I M phryz-, J -, N parhixtan, parhiz-] abstain, refrain, avoid.

2pahrextan, pahrez- [p'hlyhtn', p'hlye- I M (phrystn), phryz-] care for, tend, protect.

pahrez [p'hlyc I N parhiz] defence, care. "'pahrmah- [ptlm'h- I (N parmas-)] touch. ~iigih [-'kyh], -lsn: touch, feeling.

pak [DKYA < A dky'; p'kl I = M, N~] clean, pure, holy. ~ih: purity, holiness.

pakizag [p'kyckl I N ~a] pure. palang [pIng I N -] leopard. ~-musk [-mwfkl I N~] speckled basil.

piilUdag [p'lwtk l I N ~a] starch jelly, flummery. paliidan, palay- [p'lwtn' , p'l'd- I (M p'rwdn, p'r'y-), N -] strain, filter ~~ ,

pambag [pmbkl I N panba] cotton. ~en [-yn l ] (made of) cotton.

piinllg [p'n(')k l I M p'ng] guard, protector; shepherd. -ih: protection.

panah [pn'h I = M, N -] protector; refuge. pad - griftan: take refuge with. -lh: protection.

pand [pnd I = M, N~] path; counsel, advice. panir [pnyll N -] cheese. panJ [pne I P pnj, (M pnz), N ~] five. ~ag [_kl I N ~a] pentad; hand, paw. -ah [-'h I N -] fifty.

plinzdah [p'ncdh I M p'nzdh, N -] fifteen. Ipiirag [p'lkl I N para] piece, part, portion. ·piirag [p'lkl I M p'rg, N para] gift, offering, bribe. pariihom [pl'hwm = Av. para.haoma-] consecrated drink (the infusion

in holy water of pounded hOm and pomegranate tWigs, sometimes with milk added).

pardag [pltkl I N parda] veil, curtain. pardaxtan, pardaz: [pldhtn l, pldc- I M prdxt, N ~], - az : be done with,

freed of. - 0: set about, undertake. -lsn: freedom; undertaking.

pardiixtan, pardaz- [pld'htn' , pld'c- I N -] accomplish.

pardiixtan 65 pAsbiinih

- az: free (oneself) from. pargandan, pargan- [plkn-, plgn-dnl I (P pr'gnd, N paragandan)]

scatter,' distribute, disperse. pargast [plgst' IN-] let it not happen! Heaven forbid I pargiid [plgwtl i P prgwdg], - az: free, exempt from. parig [plyk' I M pryg, N pari] witch. paristag [pistk ' I N pirista] servant. -ih: service; worship.

paristiir [plst'll N parastar] maidservant. paristidan, parist- [pist-ytn l I M pryst-, N parastidan] serve, worship. -lsn: service, worship.

paristog/k [pistwkl I P prstwg, N piristu(k)] swallow. parnagiin [plnyk'nl I M prng)n, N parniyan] polychrome damask. parr [pll M pr, N -] feather, wing. parrag [plk' , plg I P prg, N -a] wing. -ig [-yk'] winged.

parrextan, parrez- [plyhtn', plyc-] remain over, be superfluous.

parron [plwn l I M prwn] hence, away. parrwar [plwl I M prwr] winged. piirsig [p'isyk' I N parsi] Persian. parS [pll] spotted, speckled. parwiil [plw'll (P prwrz)] refreshment, nourishment. parwiil- [plw'l- I (P prwrz'dn)] foster, nourish. -lsn: nourishment.

parwiinag [plw'nkl I M prw'ng, N -a] guide, leader. -ih: guidance, leadership.

parwand [plwnd I N ~] enclosure, comprehension. parwand-, v. parwastan. P parwiingah ["'plw'ng'l] throne. parwar [plyw'll N -] citadel; circumvallation; suburb, surroundings. parwardan, parwar- (plwl-tnl I M prwrdn, N -] foster, nourish,

cherish, educate. -lsn: nourishment, fostering, education.

parwast [plwltl] enclosure. parwastan, parwand- [plwstnl, plwnd-] surround, enclose, contain,

comprise. parwiiz [piw'c IN -] flight. parzin [plcynl I M prcyn, J przyn, (N parein)] fence, hedge. pas [AHL < A '~r; IJATL < Ab-'tr;ps I = M, N -] then. afterwards,

behind. '""' az: after. -ih: rear.

pas rp's I = M, N -] guard, watch. - diiltan: keep watch, guard.

pasbin [p>sp'nl I M p'sb'n, N -] guardian, watcher. ~f4! ~~fence, protection.

C 6~8~ F

pas-dAnisnih 66

pas-danisnih [AHLd'nfnyh] anti-knowledge. pasemAl [psym'l, v. halIlelIliil] defendant, accused. -ih: (legal) defence.

pasen [psynl , N pasin] final, last. pAsox [p'shwl , N -] = passox. passand [pmd , N pasand] pleasure, liking.

paydAg

passandidan, passand- [psnd-ytn l , M psynd-, N pasandidan] like, approve.

-Isn: liking, approval. -Isnig: likeable.

passiixt [ps'htl] test. passaxtan, passiiz- [ps'htn l, ps'e- , M ps'xt, ps'e-] fashion, prepare;

insert; test. -Isn: preparation, constitution.

passazag [psek' , M pseg] suitable, fitting. -ih: suitability.

passox [pshw'

, M pswx, N pasux] answer. past [pstl , N -] low; astr. dejection. paselIlAn [pJym'n l , = M, N -] penitent, repentant. -ih: penitence, repentance.

paslIl [plm , N -] wool. -en [_ynl , N -in] woollen.

paSn [pInI] bond, agreement. pAsnag [p'Ink l , N -a] heel. pllsolIl [p(')lwm] excellent. passing [pIng , N piling] drop, exudation. paSsinJag [pInekl , N pilanja] drop. passinJidan, passinJ- [pIne-ytn l , N pilanjidan] sprinkle. -lsn: sprinkling.

paSt(ag) [pltCk)1 , J pIt] pact, bond, agreement. ·pattAn [pt'nlJ noise, resonance. -~lIland [-'wmndJ resonant.

pattayistan [pt'dstnl] = pattiidan. pattlidan, pattAy- [ptwtnl, pt'd- , P ptwdn, M pt'y-] stay, remain, last,

endure. pattilg [ptwklJ enduring, patient, persevering. -ih: endurance, patience, perseverance.

paxsag [phlkl , N pala] mosquito, gnat. 1pay [pdy , N -] foot; footstep, track. - i: after.

·pay [pdy , M pyy, N -J sinew, tendon. pAy [LGLE < A rgih; p'dy , M p'y, N -J foot, leg; foot (12 in.). 1, I pay-, v. 1, B padan. payadag [pd'tk l , M py'dg, N piyadaJ on foot, foot-soldier, (chess) pawn. pAyag [p'd(y)kl , N paya] base, station. paydag [pyt'kl , M pyd'g, N payda] visible, obvious, revealed.

paydAgih pazzAftan

-ih: visibility, appearance. paydagenidan, paydagen- [pyt'kyn-ytnl , M pyd'gynyd] reveal,

explain. paydAgihistan, paydagih- [pyt'kyh-stnIJ appear, be revealed. payg [pdk l , (P pdg), N -] foot-soldier, courier. ·paygal [pyg'l, N payyala, piyaia] cup, goblet. -gar [-ki] cup-maker.

paygAIIl [pgt'm! , M pyg'm, N pay(y)am] message. -bar [-bi' N -bar] messenger, apostle. pAyg~s [p'tkws , M p'ygws] district, province. paYlIlan [ptm'nl , M pym'n, N -] measure, period; moderation; treaty. ~ -lIladan: reach maturity. -ag [_k' , N -a] period, measure, proportion.

paYlIlanig [ptm'nyk'] moderate. -ih: moderation.

·paYlIlar [PKDWN < A pqdwn; p'tym'i] appointment, assignment. paYlIlAy-,v.paYlIludan. paYlIl~g [ptmwg , M pymwg] clothes, garment. paYlIl~xtan, paYlIloz- [ptmwhtn

', ptmwe- , M pymwxt, pymwe-J don,

wear. paYIIl~zan [ptmwcn l , M pymwen] garment, dress. paYlIludan, paYIIlAy- [ptmwtnl, ptm'd- , N -J measure. ·pAyralIl [p'tlm] the commonalty, people. payriistan, payrAy- [pt-, pyl'stnl, pyl'd- , M pyr'st, pyr'y-, N perastan]

arrange, adorn. payrayag [pyl'dkl , M pyr'yg, N perayaJ ornament, adolIlffient. payr~g [ptlwk

'] light, brightness.

paywand [ptwnd , (M pywn), N -] connection; offspring. paywand-, v. paywastan. paywasag [ptw'skl] leather bag, wallet. paywastag [ptwstk' '.N -a] continually. paywastan, paywand- [ptwstnl, ptwnd- M pywst, (pywyn-), N -]

join, connect. paywaz- [ptw'e- I M pyw'z-] answer, reply. -ag [_kl], -Isn: response.

paz-, v.poxtan. pAzand [p'cnd IN -] the Pahlavi commentaries on the scriptures (zand),

transcribed in Avestan letters. pazd [pzd \ = P] oppression, persecution. pazd- [pzd- I = M] blow, play (flute). pazdagih [pzdkyh] expulsion. pazdenidan, pazden- [pzdyn-ytnl , P pzd-] frighten, chase. plizen [p'e(y)nl I M p'cn, N pazan] ibex. pazug [pzwk' , (N payiik, xabazdii)] guinea-worm. - i gUhgard / gUhward: dung worm.

pazziiftan [pz'Jitn I \(M pzpt ,intr.)] (cause to) ripen.

pazzam- 68

pazzam- [pz'm-] mature, ripen (intr.). -isn: maturation, ripening.

pazzamenidan [pz'myn-ytn l] = pazzaftan. pe~idan, pe~- [pye-ytnl I N -] twist, entwine. pem [pym] milk. pemenidan, pemen- [pym.",n-ytn l] cause to well up, swell up. pen [p(y)n l] mean, miserly, niggardly. -ih: meanness.

peram6n [pyPmwnl I M pyr'mwn, N -mun] around. per6z [pylwe I M pyrwz, N~] victorious. -ih: victory. per6z~ar [pylwekll N ~] victorious. -ih: victory.

pes [pys I N ~] mottled, leprous; leper. pesidan, pes- [pys-ytnl] colour, adorn. ~isn: adornment.

pestan [pyst'n l I N ~] breast. pes [LOYNI < A l_Cyn; py! I = M, N~] before. Ipesa~ [py!k l I N pila] trade, craft; guild, caste. ·pesa~ [py!k'] limb, member, part. pesAni~ [pyenykl I N pe!ani] forehead. pesar [pyell M py!'r] leader, guide. - biidan! be guilty (of), commit.

pesArwar [pyelw'l, v. pesyar] urination. pesemal [py!ym'l, v. hamemal] plaintiff. -ih: prosecution.

pilbi'in

peseni~ [py!ynyk' I (M py!yn(g), N peRna)] former; foremost, noble. pes-~Ah [py!g's I N ~] audience chamber; foremost seat. pes-kAr [pylk'll N -] servant. pes6bAy [py!(»wp'd I M pyfwb'y, N pefwa] leader, vanguard. ~ih: leadership. pes-para~ [py!p'lk l I N ~a] an appetizer. pesyar [py!k'll N ~] urine. petit [pytyt l = Av. paitita-] penance. -i~ [-yk l ] penitent. -i~ih: penitence. petyara~ [p(y)tyd'lk l = Av. paityara- I M pty'r, N patyara} evil, mis­

fortune; adversary; astr. detriment. -ih: (onslaught of) evil.

Ipid [AB' < A 'boy; p(y)tl I M pyd] father. ·pid [p(y)t l I P pyd] meat, flesh. pidar [AB Ytl, v. Ipid; pytl I M pydr, N ~] father. pib [pyhwl] food, victuals. pih [TLBA = A trb'; pyl; I N ~] fat, tallow. pil [pyt I M pyl, N ~] elephant; (chess) bishop, -ban [-p'n l I N -] elephant-driver.

pilla~an [plk'n' I M pylg, N ~] steps, ladder. pim [pym] pain, pang, sorrow. ~~en [-kyn'] sorrowful.

pir.[pyll N -] old, aged, ancient. -ih: age. pirin~ [ping I M pryng, (N pirind)] monochrome damask. pist [pst l I N -] browned flour. pista~ [pstk l I N pista] pistachio nut. pisiz (p!ye I N -] small copper coin, 'farthing'. p6hisn [pwhIn l ] corruption, decay. p61awad [pwl'pt l I M pwPwd, N pallid] steel. -en [_ynl] (made of) steel.

pondik [pndkl I Ar. blfunduq] hazel-nut. p6r [pwl I N -] francolin.

pust

p6ry6tkes [pwlyw(k)tkyl = Av. paoirya.!kaila-] (one of) the first teacners of the Mazdean religion.

-ih: the primal doctrine of the Mazdean religion. p6st [pwst l I = M, N -] skin, hide; bark, shell. -en [-yn l I N ~in] (made of) skin.

p6sidan, pas- [pw!-ytn l r N -] cover, put on, wear. -isn: covering.

potk [pwtk l IN -] sledge-hammer. poxtan, paz- [APPWN-tnl < A ",; 'ph; pwhtnl, pe- I M pwxtn, N-]

cook, bake. pay- [pwd- I (P pwd-), N -] run. ~isni~: running. poz(a~) [pwe(kl) I N paz(a)] snout, muzzle. piida~ [pwtkl I N puda] foul, rotten. ~ih: rottenness.

Ipuhl [pwhl I N pull bridge. ·puhl [pwhl] expiation, atonement; punishment. puhlenidan [pwhlynytn l] cause to atone. pumay [pwln'd] adult. purr [MALE < A mlh; pwll M pwr, N -] full. --~iih [-g's] at the fullness of time, about to die. ~-mah [-m'h] full moon. --rawisnih [-lwb!nyh] fullness. ~-sarda~ [-sltkl] of all kinds. ~-xwarrah [-GDE] full of glory.

pursidan, purs- [pwrs-ytnl I M pwrs-ydll, N -] ask. ~isn: question. ~isni~: responsible.

pus [BRE < A br-h; pws I = M, N -] son. ~ar [BREl. pwsll M pwsr, N ~] son. -yiin [pfvs,Pn l I M pwsy'n] womb.

pust [pflII/ ' I = M, N -] back; support, protection.

puAtag 70

puAta~ [pw!tkl] load (carried on the back). puAtiban [pw!tyhp'n l I N -] supporter, bodyguard.

..... ih: support, protection.

R rabib [lpyh I M rbyh] noon, midday (heat). rad [It I I N -] (spiritual) chief, master.

..... ih: office of rad. rid [l't l I P r'd, N ..... ] generous, liberal.

..... ih: generosity, liberality. radag [Itkl I M rdg, N rada] line, rank, row. radfimand [It'wmnd] having a rad. rad-passag [ltps'hl] ceremonies of the gahanbar festivals.

ran}enidan

radunay [Itwny = Av. ratunaya-] one under the guidance of a rad. raftan. raw- [SGYTWN-tnl < A"'; sg'; Iwb- I M rptn, rw-, N -] go,

move, proceed . ..... IAn. v. rawl§n.

raftAr [lpt'/l N ..... ] goer. . rag [lk l I M rg, N -] vein .

..... ih: disposition, character. ray [lgji I P rg] quick, swift. rAy Wg IN ..... ] meadow, plain. rah [is, lb, Ihji I M rh(y)] chariot, wagon. rah-. v. rastan. rih [/'s I M r'h, N ..... ] road, way. raha~ [Ihk l I P rhg] = rag. rllh-dAr [l'sd'll N ..... ] brigand, highway robber.

..... ih: brigandage. . rahig [lsyhl, Ihyk l I M rhyg, N rahi] child, page.

..... ih: childhood. rllh-nimAy Wmm'd I (M r'hnmwd'r), N """,,,"ma] guide. rAm [I'm I M r'm, N -] peace; eal. 21st day. ram(ag) [Im(hl) I P rm, N ram(a)] herd, flock. rllmenidan. ramen- [/'myn-ytnl I M r'myn-] give peace, pleasure. rAmi§n WmlnJ I M r'my!n, N rami!] peace, ease, pleasure.

..... ig [_ykl I N -iJi] peaceful, at ease. rAn Wnl IN ..... ] thigh. P ran- [l'n-] fight. randidan, rand- [lnd-ytnl IN ..... ] scratch, grate, abrade. rang [Ing I M.me, N ..... ] colour, dye. ranJ [lne I P rnj, (M rnz), N -] toil, trouble.

..... ag [_kl I N ..... a] troubled. ranJenidan. ranJen- [lncyn-ytnl] trouble.

I I ,

ranJwar 71

ranJwar [lnewl I (M rnzwr), N ran}lir] troubled, distressed. rapibwln [Ipys-, Ipyt-pynl, -wynl = Av. rapi9fJina-] the afternoon gah;

south . ...... tar [-tt] southern.

rasan [lml IN ...... ] rope. rasenidan, rasen- [isyn-ytnl] bring. rasidan, ras- [YHMTWN-tnl < A yhmlwn, ...; mt'; is-ytnl I M rs-ydn,

N ...... ] arrive, mature. rAspig [l'spykl] second officiating priest. rast [/'st l I M r'st, N ..... ] true, straight, direct • ......ih: truth.

rastag [isthl I N rasta] series, row, progression; element. rastan, rah- [lstnl, l(')h- IN ...... ] escape . rastarih [ist'lyh] escape. rasiig [lswh l I (N rasli)] weasel. Ra§n [lIn' I M rIn, N ...... ] god of Justice; eal. 18th day. raAtan, ·raz- [lItn'] colour, dye. raw-, v. raftan. rawag [lwb'kl I N rawa] current. ......ih: currency.

rawAgenidan, rawAgen- [lwb'kyn-ytn'] set in motion, propagate.

rawenidan, rawen- [SGYTWNyn-ytn' , v. raftan] cause to go, extend, rawiAn [lwbInI, SGYTWNInI, v. raftan I N rawil] going, motion. ~ih: behaviour; as a suffix, forms abstract nouns.

ray [I'd I M r'y, N ra] postposition, for, for the sake of. riyenAg [l'dyn'h' I M r'yn'g] arranger. rllyenidan, rayen- [l'dyn-ytnl i M r'yn-ydn] lead, direct, arrange,

organize. .....IAn: action, function; arrangement.

rAyenidllrih [l'dynyt'lyh I M r'ynyd'ryh] direction, organization. rllyiAn [Pdln l ] order, arrangement. rayfimand Wd'wmnd] rich, majestic . raz [le, lz IN ..... ] vine; vineyard. riiz [l'e I M ,'z, N ...... ] secret, mystery. -ig [-yk l ] secret.

rllz-kirrfi~ Wc hylwhl I M r'z qrwg] architect, builder. razm [lcm I M rzm, N -] battle. ......-~ah [-g's I P -g'h, (M rzm'h), N ...... ] battlefield •

raziir [lewll M rzwr] forest. redak [Iythl IN -] lad, page. reg [Iyhl IN ...... ] sand. rem [Iym I M rym, N ...... ] dirt, filth, purulence. reman [Iymnl I M rymn, N -] dirty, filthy, purulent. -ih: filth .

lreA [Iy! IN ..... ] wound, sore. IreA [ly! I N -] beard.

reAa~ [lylkl I N Tila] root, fibre. reAidan, reA- [lyl-ytn' I N ~] wound, hurt. reAk~n [lylknl] hurtful, harmful. ~ih: hannfulness.

rextan, rez- [lyhtn' , lye- I P ryxt, M TYZ-, N ~] flow, pour. ~IAn: flow.

ridan, riy- [lytn', Id- I N ~] defecate, void.

rlst [lyst l I M ryst] dead. lrista~ [lystkl] corpse. Irlsta~ [/ystk'] way, manner; sect. rlst-axez [lyst>hye I M Tyst'hyz, N ~] resurrection of the dead. rlAta~ [l(y)ltkl I N ~a] rope, string, thread. rly-, v. ridan. riyahrih [ld'hlyh] scorn, mockery. r~b [lwp] robbery. r~b- [lwp- I N mftan,~] rub, sweep. r~bah [TALE < A t(P; lwp'h I N~] fox. lr~d [lwt l I M rwd, N~] river. Ir~d [lwtl I N ~] stringed instrument. r~d-bar [lwtb'll N ~] river bank. r~di~ [lwtykl I (N TOda)] intestine, gutj ~an, (pI.) entrails, guts.

r~zig

r~yn [M(H)SYA < A mf9'j Iwkn l I P rwgn, (M rwyyn), N rauyan] oil, butter. --xwardi~ [-hwltyk'] sweetmeats.

rfin [lwnl I M Twn] direction. ~ • • • -: towards. r~spig [lwspyk l I N '"""1 whore. -ih: whoredom. r~stil~ [lw(t)st'k' I (P Twdyst'g), N Tosta] river-bed; district, province. rOAn [lwlnl I M rwln, N Tolan] light; bright, light. -ih: light. r~Anlag [lwlnkl] clear, obvious. -gar [-kll (P -'gr, M -ygr), N -gar] illuminator.

lrfiy [lwd I M rwy, N -] face. Ir~y [lwd I M TWY, N -] copper, brass. rfiy-, -IAn, v. rustan. r~yan [lwdyn

' I N -] madder.

r~yen [lwdynl I M TCwyn, N Toyin] (made of) copper, brazen. r~z [YWM < A ywmj lwe I M rwe/z, N -} day. . rfizag [lwek

' I M Tweg, No Toza] fast, fasting.

r~zilg [lwe'kl] lightning. r~zan [lwenl I N -] window. rfiz(b)ilna~ [lwe(p)'nk

'] window.

r~zenidan, rozen- [lweyn-ytnl I M rweyn-] lighten, brighten. r~z~ilr [lwek'll N -] daytime. r~zig [/wc;),k

' I N TOZi) daily bread, sustenance.

r~z-Aaban 73

r~z-§aban [YWM, lwe lp'nl IN laban(a)Toz] day and night. r~zwilra~ [lwcw'lk

'] daily, everyday.

r~z-ward [lwewlt'] changeable, fickle.

rubiidan, rubay- [lpwtn l, Ip'd- I M rbwdn, Tb'y-, N -] snatch, rob. riidan, riin- [lwtn

', lwn- I (N rUda)] pluck, pull out.

riira~ [lwlkl] medicinal plant, herb. rustan, r~y- [lwstnl, lwd- I M TWSt, rwy-, N -] grow. -IAn: growth.

ruwan [lwb'n'

I M rw'n, N -] soul. -i~ [-yk l I N -i) spiritual.

ruzd [lwzd I M rwzd, N razd] greedy. -ih: greed.

sabuk [spwkl I N -] light, easy. sabz [spz, sbz I N -] green, fresh. sad [IOO I M sd, N -] hundred.

s

Sadwes [stwys I M sdwys] a star (Fomalhaut ?). lsa~ [KLBA < A kW I N -] dog. Isag [Ski] stone. sa~ [s'k I P s'g] number. sagen [Skyn' I M sygyn] stony. sagr [sgl I N sir] sated, satiate. -ih: satiety.

sahig [shykl I M shyg, N sah;] worthy. -ih: worthiness.

sin

sahistan, sah- [MDMEN-stnl = A mdmh, ...; dmh I (M shyd, SCy _)] seem; seem proper.

-IAn: satisfaction. 8ahm [shm I = M, N -] terror. -g~n [-k(y)nl I N -gin] terrible. "",~enih: terribleness. sah~~ [shwk l] hare. sik [s'k

' I (N saw)) tribute.

sAl [SNT < A Int I (M s'r), N -] year. -salag [SNTk' , s'lkl I N -sala] ••. -years-old. -ih: age (of ... years).

siUilr [srd'l i M s'I'T, s'r'r, N -] leader, master. -ih: authority.

salwllr [s'lw'l] petennial. samin [s'm'n l I = M, N -] limit, boundary. ~lhnand [-'wmnd I M -wmnd] bounded. 8~ft1or [smwll N -] sable (marten). !!tIn [s'n l I N -) kind, manner.

sang 74 senmurw

sang [KYP A < A kyp'; CCA (in error); sng I (P 'sng), N -] stone, rock. -sAr [-s'l] stony place.

san)-, v. saxtan. sanwar [snwl = Av. 8anwar-] bow. sar [LOYSE < A r'lh; sll M sr, N -] head; top, summit; end, begin­

ning. sarasar [sesll N -] from end to end. sard (slt l I M STd, N -] cold. -ih: coldness.

sardag [sltk' = Av. sari18a- I (M s'rg), J srdg] sort, kind. sardser [sltsyll N -] cold region, uplands. sArenidan, saren- [s'lyn-ytnl} provoke. sargen [slgynl I N sargin] dung, manure. sarmag [slm'k

' I N sarma] coldness.

sarw [slw(b)' I M srw, N -] cypress. sas [s's I N -] bug. sAstar [s'st'll P s'st'r] commander; tyrant. -ih: tyranny.

Sawah [sw'h = Av. sawahi-] the western continent of the earth. saxt [se)htl I N -] strong, hard, severe(ly); very. -ih: strength, severity.

saxtag [shtkl I (N saxtiyiin)] morocco leather. saxtan, san)- [s'htnl, me- I N -] weigh. saxtan, sAz- [s'htnl, s'e- I (P s'e-), N -] make, prepare; tolerate. sAxtarih [s'ht'lyh] toleration, forbearance. saxwan [MRYA < A mly'; shwnl I M sxwn, N suxan] word, speech. say-, v. sudan. sayag [s'dkl I M s'yg, N siiya] shade, shadow. lsaz- [se- I M sz-, N -] be fitting, proper, worthy. -IAn(ih): fitness, worthiness.

·saz-, -IAn, v. sazlstan. sAz-, v. sAxtan. sazAg [se'k I N sazii] fitting, worthy.

...... ih: fitness, worthiness. -wAr [-w'/l N saziiwar] = sazag.

sazlstan, Isaz- [se-stnl] pass. -IAn: passing, transience. -IAnig: transient, perishable, mortal. s~ [3; TLT.A < A tit' I M sh, N si] three. seb [syft I N -] apple. se) [sye = Av. i8yejah_ I N -] danger, trouble. -fimand [-'wmnd I N -mand] dangerous.

sel [st I N -] spear, javelin. sem [sym I N -] = asem. lsen(ag) [syn(k) I I N sinal breast, chest. ·sen murw [synmwlw I (N simury)] a fabulous bird.

I

se-pAy 75

se-pAy [3-p'd I N sipii] three-legged. sir, v. sagr. se-Aabag [3-spk'] three-night-Iong, trinoctial. seyom [3wm IN -] -third (in eompound numerals). sbd [s(y)zd I P syzd, (N slz[agi?)] might, tyranny; tyrannous. sezdah [syedh I M syzdh, N -] thirteen. s~zden [s(Y)Zdynl I P syzdyn] mighty, tyrannous. si [sy] goose. sldig(ar) [styk l, -kll M sdyg, N sidigar] third. sih [30 I M syh, N si] thirty. -om [-wm] thirtieth.

slk [HLYA < A ~e; sI] I N -] vinegar. sisimbar [sysymbl, -nb/l N sisambar] sisymbrium, wild-thyme. ·Skandar [swkndll N sikandar] = Aleksandar. snllh [sn'h] blow, strike, violence. sneh [snyh] sword. snexr [snyhl] snow. snezag [snyek'] snow. snfiy [snwd] (rain-, snow-)doud. sfifista [swkpst'k '] sophist. lsfig [swkl] use, profit, advantage. Isfig [swkl] burning, combustion. ·sfig [swkl I N sa(y)] side, direction. sfigand [swknd I M swgnd, N saugand] oath.

...... xwardan: take, swear an oath. sfihistan, sOh- [swh-stnl] touch, feel. -IAn: feeling, sense. -IAnig: feeling, sensitive.

sOr [swl] salty. -ag [_kl] salt (land).

sOsan [swsnl I N -] lily.

spAs

SfiAyans [swklydns = Av. saosyiis] saviour (especially the final Saviour who will bring about the fralagird).

sfixtan, sfiz- [swhtn' , swe- I M swxt, swe-, N -] bum . -IAn: burning, combustion. -IAnig: burning, flaming.

sOzag [swe'k' I M swe'gyn, N sQza] burning. sfizan [swen l I N -] needle. spiih [sp'h I N sipah] army. -bed [-pt l I N -bud] general, commander.

spandAn [spnd'n l I N sip......] mustard seed. Spandarmad [spndrmt l] N isfandarmu8] Holy Thought, the fourth

Amahraspand, earth goddess; eal. 12th month; 5th day. spar [sp/l M cspr, N sipar] shield. spar-. v. spurdan. spas [sp's I M 's-, csp's, N sipas] service, gratitude, thanks.

spAs dastan

spAs dAstan, ~ hangiirdan: thank, give thanks. spAs-diir [sp'sd'll N sip~] grateful, thankful. ~ih: gratitude.

spasl-esniis [sp'sm's] grateful. ~ollland [-'wmnd] grateful.

spas [sp'! = Av. 8fJiifa-] space, atmosphere. spaxr [sp'hl I M (spxr, N ·siparx] merrymaking, revelry. spazg [spzg I (M (spgj), N sipazg-] slanderous. ~ih: slander.

sped [spytl I M (spyd, N saped] white. ~ag [_kl I N -a] white (of egg, etc.). ~bAg [-p'k ' I N -ha] curd soup. --diir [-d'll N -ddr] white poplar, aspen.

spenilg [sp(y)n'k l = Av. spanta-, cf. ganniig] holy. - lllenog: the Good Spirit.

spig [spykl I M (spyg, (N sapriy)] I. brilliance; z. sprout, shoot. spihr [spy(y)hl I (M (spyr), N sipihr] sphere, sky, firmament, fate. -ig [-yk'] heavenly.

spinJiinagih [spnc'nkyh] hospitality. spis [spy! I (N !ipiI)] louse. Spitallliin [spyt'm'n] of the Spitama family. spiz- [spyc- I M (spyxtn, (spyz-] I. shine; z. sprout. -isn: I. brilliance; z. sprouting.

srad

spoxtan, spaz- [spwhtnl, spwc- I M (spwxt, N sip-] thrust; overstep, disobey; delay, reject.

-isn: delay, rejection; disobedience. spoz [spwc I N sipaz] disobedience; delay. -gAr [-k'll N -] disobedient; dilatory.

sprahlll(ag) [splhm(k' ) I M (sprhm(g), N siparham] flower, fragrant herb. spul [spwl] spleen. spurdan, spar- [spwltnl, spl- I N sip-] tread, trample. spurrig [spwlyk' I (M (spwr), N sipari] entire, complete, perfect. -ih: completeness, perfection.

spurz [.splz I P ·(spwrz, N sipurz] spleen. srat [sit I I cf. Ar. sirar] street. sraw [slwb'] word, spell. srawenidan, srawen- [slwbyn-ytnl] report, broadcast. sraxtag [slhtk' = Av. sraxti-] side, part. sray [sl'd I N saray] house, hall. lsray-, -fsn, v. sriidan. srayidan, Isriiy- [sPd-ytn' = Av. 8raya-] protect. -isn: protection.

sresk [sl(y)!h l I (P srsk), N sirilk] drop, tear. sristan, ·sres- [sl!tnl I P sryl-, N sir-] mix, knead. sriswadag.[slylwth' = Av. 8rilwa-] a third. srod [Slwtl I M srfod, N surad] song.

I

I

I

Sros 77

S1'OS [slwl i M srwl, N sur"!] the god Obedience; cal. 17th day. -ig [-yk l ] obedient.

srii [slwb' I N surzi(n)] horn, nail, prong. srub [sl(w)p I N usrub] lead. ~en [-yn l ] leaden.

stiidan

sriidan, sriiy- [slwtn' , sPd- I M sr'),-, N sllr~] sing, recite, play (an in­strument).

-isn(ih) : singing, recitation. sriiwar [slwbwl] homed. sriiwen [slwbyn'] homy. stabr [stpll M (stbr, N sitabr] big, coarse, strong. -ih: coarseness; strength, force.

stabrag [stplkl I Ar. istabraq] shot silk. stadan, stiin- [YNS~WN-tnl < A ymbwn, "1/ nsb I M <std, (st'n-, N

sit-] take. staft [stptl I M <stpt] hard, firm; hauh, tyrannous; very. stahlll [sthm I N sitam] power, oppression. -ag [-hi] strong, oppressive. -(ag)ih: oppression.

stalllbag [sthmbk l (-h- < stahlll) I M (stmbg, N sitamba] oppressive; obstinate.

-ih: oppression; obstinacy. stan-, v. stadan. star [stl] = starag. stiirag [st'W 1 M (st'rg, N sitara] star. stard [stllt l] stunned, stupefied, confounded. -ih: stupidity, stupefaction.

star-osllliir, -oslllur [stZ>wlm'I, -'wlmwl] astrologer. starwan [stliEn l I N sit-] barren, childless. stAyldan [st>dytnl I M (st'yd, N sit-] = stiidan. stey [styk l I N sitly] erect. stendag [styndkl] standing, erect. ster [styli N siter] stater. stezag [styck' I M (styz-, N siteza] quarrel, strife. sti [sty(y) = Av. sti-] being, existence. sto [stwbl I (P (stwb, N sutah)] distressed, defeated. ~wih: distress.

stor [stwll P (stwr, N sutar] horse, mount; large cattle. -ban [-p'n l I N -ban] (head) groom. -giih [-g's] stable.

·stos [stwl] the fourth morning after death. stowenidan, stowen- [stwbyn-ytn'] defeat, overcome. stowih, v. stO. stiidan, stay- [stwtnl, st'd- I M (stwd, (st'y-, N sit-] praise. -isn: praise. -isnig: praiseworthy.

stOn(ag) lah-

stOn(ag) [stwn(k)' I M 'stflln, N sutun] column, pillar, mast. star [stwl] trustee, curator, guardian. -ih: trusteeship.

sturg [stwlg I N suturg] fierce, contentious; gross, coarse. sOd [swt l I M swd, N -] use, profit, advantage. sudAb [st'pl N -] rue. sOd-abgAr [swt'pk'l] profitable. sOdag [swtk'] negligent, indolent. -ih: negligence, indolence.

sOdan, sAy- [swtnl, s'd- I N -] rub. sOd(6)mand [swt(>w)mnd I N sUdmand] useful. suft [swpt l I N -] shoulder. suftan, sumb- [swptnl, swmb- I N -] pierce, bor~. sumb [swmb' I N -] hoof. Is0r [swll M swr, N -] meal, feast, banquet. IsOr [swl] strong. sOrAg [swl(')kl] hole, burrow. -ig [-yk l ] burrowing (animal). -6mand [-'wmnd] holed.

silrax [swl'h I N -] hole. sust [swstl I = M, N -] slack, lazy. -ih: slackness, laziness.

IsuA [sw/l (N lul)] lung. -sui [sw!] degree (of arc). suxr [swhll N surx] red. suy [swd I M swy-] hunger. -swahistan, swah- [swh-stnl I P swh-] sigh. syA [syd' I (P sy'w, N siyah)] black. -hag [-hk' I N -a] pupil (of eye).

..,

S lab [LYL Y A < A lyl(y)'; Ip I M lb, N -] night. -ag [Ipkl I N -a] I. jet, obsidian; 2 •••• -nights-long. -estAn [Ipst'nl I N -] gynaeceum, private apartments.

labig [/pykl I N labi} (Mazdean's ritual) under-shirt. labix6n [lpyhwnl I N -xiin] night raid. lAd Wtl I M I'd, N -] happy, joyful. -ih: happiness, joy.

IAdurwAn [f>t'wlw'nl I N -] dais, platform; basin, pond, fountain. lafler [Iplyll M ij'Iyr] = iamAer. lagr [lgl I M Igr, N ler] lion; astr. Leo. P lab- [lh- I = P] be able, can.

j'

[I

r If

I i ,-

lAb 79

IAh [MLKA < A mlk!; Ih I M f>h, N -] king. -An AAh [MLKAn MLKA I N -] king of kings. --balilt [Ihbtwt l I N -] chestnut. --dAnag [-d'nk l I N -dana] hemp-seed. --esprahm [-splhm I N -isparam] basil royal.

AAhigAn [Ihyk'nl I M f>hyg'n] palace. Aahr [Itrl I M Ihr, N -] land, country; city.

Aiftenag

-estAn [MDYNA < A mdyn'; Itrlst'nl I M Ihrst'n, N -] province; capital, city.

Sahrewar [Itrywr I N -] Best Rule, the third Amahraspand, guardian of metals; col. 6th month; 4th day.

lahryAr [Itrld'll M Ihry'r, N -] lord, sovereign, ruler. -ih: dominion, reign, sovereignty.

IAhwir [Ihw'll P I'hw'r, N -] royal, kingly. Aakar [Ikll M Iqr, N -] sugar. ialwAr [ltw'll N -] trousers. lam [I'm I = P, N -] evening meal, supper. I lambalidag [Imblytkl I N lambalid, -Lila] fenugreek. Aamler [fmlyl I N -] sword. lan [Inl IN -] hemp. IAnag Wnk' I N -a] I. comb; 2. pitchfork; 3. shoulder-blade. lanen [Inynl] hempen. Aarm [Ilm I M Irm, N -] shame. --gAh [-g's I N -] pudenda. -g~n [-k(y)n

' I N -gin] ashamed.

lasab [Isp I (P Ihrb)] satrap. -igAn [-yk'n

'] satrapal.

last [601 M 1st, N -] sixty. Aal [STA < A It I M 11, N -] six. Aaw-, v. Audan. -lawAg [lwb'k l ] bat, fiittermouse. IAyendag [/'dyndk l ] able, worthy . -ih: ability, worthiness.

AAyistan, lay- [I'd-stn' I M/'y-, N -] be able; be worthy. AAyed [f>(d)ytl I N layad] one can, it is possible.

IAzdah Wcdh I M I'zdh, N Ianzdah] sixteen. leb [Iyp I N -] declivity. leb- [lyp- I M lyb, N -] move quickly; be confused. -Ag Pk' I N -a] swift, nimble; viper. ......IAn: confusion.

led [Iytl I N -] bright; sorrel (horse). -ledA [lyt'y] bliss. ler, v. lagr. lewan [Iywn l I N -] lament. liftAliig [Ipt'lwkl I (P IyJt 'milk'), N laJtalu] peach. liftenag [lptynkl I (P lyJtyn 'sweet')] a sweetmeat.

simsar 80

simsar [!mI'll N -] box tree. sir [HL!l.A < A I;zlh'; lyll M !yyrj N ~] milk. siren [!ylynl 1 M !yryn, N ~in] sweet. ~ih: sweetness.

sibg [!y!kl 1 N sua] bottle, flask. skaft [!kpt'] = skeft. skaftan, skaf- [!k'p-tnl 1 M <lk~ptj N likaftan] split, burst. skarag [lklk' 1 P <!kr-] (bird) of prey.

soy

skarwidan, skarw- [!klw-ytn' 1 M (lkrw-It, N likarfidan] stumble, stagger.

skastan, sken(n)- [TBLWN-tn j <: A tV tbr; lkstnl, lkyn- I M <lkn-, N !ikastan, likan-] break.

-lsn: breaking. skebag [lkyp'k' 1 P <lkyb-, N likebtll patient. -ih: patience.

skeft [lhypt l 1 P <lkyft, N ligift] hard; extraordinary, astonishing; very. -ih: hardness; hardship, distress; astoliillhment.

sken(n)-, -isn, v. Skastan. skih- [lkyh- 1 N likih-] be broken, skof-, v. skuftan. skofag [lkwpk' I N lukOfa] flower/ blossom. skoft [lkwptl] = skeft. Iskoh [lkwh I M <lkwh] poor. -ih: poverty.

zskoh [lkwh I N lukOh] dignity, majesty; fear. skuftan, skof- [lkwp-tn l 1 N fukuftan] flower. blossom. snas-, v. snaxtan. snasag [fn>sk l 1 P <fn'sg] knowing, knoW-et; sense. -ih: knowledge.

snaxtan, snas- [In'htnl, In's- I M (fn'xtn, <In s-, N lin-] know, recog· nize.

snayenidan, snayen- [fn'dyn-ytnl] please, ptopitiate. -lsn: happiness.

sniiyidan, sniiy- [fn'd-ytn l ] praise, propitiate. -lsn: praise, gratitude.

sniiz [fn'c 1 (N lina(w»] swimming. snAzidan, snaz- [fn'c-ytnl 1 M <fn'z-, (N linaw-)] swim. snohr [fnwhll M <fnwhr] gratitude, contentment. snomag [lnwmk' I M <fnwm-] satisfaction, contentnient. snosag [!nwlkl 1 N lunola] sneeze. snug [fnwkl 1 M <fnwg] knee. snuman [fnwmnl = Av. xfnumaine] propitiation. son [lwnl] kind, manner. -ig [-yk'] customary, ordinary.

soy-, v. sustan. soy [lwd 1 N -] husband.

soymand 81

-mand [-mnd] married (woman). suban [!p'n l 1 P !wb'n, N -] shepherd.

tanapuhl

sudan, saw- [OZLWN-tn' < A tV'zl; fwb- 1 M fwdn, !w., N -] go. susar [lwsl = Av. x!u8ra-] liquid, fluid; semen. sustan, soy- [HLLWN-tnl < AtV I;zlll M fwst, !wy-, N -] wash. suy [fwd] hunger.

T '" tii [OD < A <d 1 (M d'), N -] until; so that.

tab [tp 1 N -] fever. tab-, -isn, v. taftan. tab-, -lsn, v. taftan. tabag [t'pk' 1 N tiiba] frying-pan. tabah [tp'h 1 N -] ruined, spoilt, destroyed. -ih: ruin, destruction.

tabahihistan, tabiihih- [tp'hyh-stnl I J tb'hh-] be ruined. tabangog [tpngwkl I N tabango] box, chest. tabarzad [tplzt l 1 N -] manna. tabestan [t'pst'nl 1 N -] summer. tabidan [t'pytnl I N -] = taftan. tadan, tan- [ttnl, tn- 1 N tan-] spin (thread). tadar(w) [ttl 1 (N ta8arw)] pheasant. taftan, tab- [tp-tn l] grow hot; shine. -isn: hent, fever.

taftan, tab- [t'p-tnl 1 P t'b-, N -] heat, bum; shine. -lsn: burning.

taftig [tptyk' 1 (P tft)] burning, ardent, fervent. taa [tk l

1 N -] running, attack. -- kardan abar, 0: attack.

ItAg [t'k l 1 N ta] item, unit; alone, single.

Iti~ [t'k ' I N ta] branch. tagarg [tklg 1 M tgrg, N -] hail. tagig [tkykl] swift, strong. -ih: speed, strength.

tah [th 1 N -] bottom. takok [tkwk' 1 N -] drinking vessel. talag [tlk l 1 N tala] snare, trap. --tin [-cyn l ] fowler.

tambur [tm-, tnbwll N -] either, lute. -ag [-k'] tambour (?).

tan [tn l 1 = M, N -] body, person.

t~-, v. tadan. 4!tanapuhl (tn'pwhl = Av. tanu.p~a8a- I (N tanafur)] a degree of sin.

p 6684 G

tan-bahr 82

tan-bahr [tn'b'hl] physique. tand [tnd I = P] faint, languishing. -ih: faintness, langour.

tan-drust [tn'drw(y)st' I N -] healthy, whole.

-ih: health. tang [tng I = M, N -] narrow, tight. -ih: narrowness; distress.

tanig [tnlykl I N tani] bodily, corporal. tanigard(ig) [tnykrt(yk) I I M tnygyrd] corporeal. taniha [tnlyh' I M tnyh\ N tanha] alone. tanlimand [tnPwmnd IN -] corporeal. -ih: corporeality.

tan-tlihmag [tn'twhmkl] (sap) of plants. tanuk [tnwk' IN -] thin, shallow. taniir [tnwl, M tnwr, N -] oven. tar [LCDr' < A l-id; tll M tr] over, through, across. - kardan, - menidan: abuse, despise.

-tar [-tl I (M -dr), N -] suffix forming comparative adjectives. tilr [t'll M t'r] darkness. tarazenidan, tarilzen- [tPeyn-ytnl] weigh. taraziig [tPcwkl I (P tl'zwg), N tarazil] balance, scales; astr. Libra. targ [tlg I N -] helmet. targuman [tlgm'nl I M trgwm'n] interpreter. tarig/k [t'lykl I M eryg, N tarik!] dark. -ih: darkness.

tarist [tIst'] = tar. tar-mAnih [tlm'nyh] perversity. tar-meniin [tlmynlnl I N tarmanist] perverse; contemptuous.

...... ih: perversity; contempt. tarr [tI, LCDr (in error, v. tar) IN ...... ] moist, fresh. -ag [tlk l , N -a] vegetable.

tars [tIs , M trs, N -] fear, respect. tarsilg [tIs'kl I M trs'g, N tarsal Christian. tarsAgilh [tIse)k's] respectful, reverent. -ih: respect, reverence.

tarsidan, tars- [tIs-ytn' I (M tyrs'dn), N -] fear, be afraid. tarwenidan, tarwen- [tlwyn-ytn l I M trw-] overcome, conquer. tils [t's I N -] die (for gaming). tasum [tswm I = M] fourth. tAiidan, tai- [t'f-ytn'] cut, cleave; create. taikanag [ifknkl] under-shirt. tait [ift' I N -] bowl. tait Wftl] ·certainty.

...... ig [-yk l ] certain. tiiwan W(d)w'nl I N -] compensation, obligation. taxi [t'hll (M thr), P txl, N talx] bitter.

taxi

I 0)

taxlih t6z

-ih: bitterness. taxt [ehtl , N -] throne. ......ag [_k' I N -a] tablet, plank, (chess) board.

taxtan. taz- [t'hlrzl, te- 11\1 Ixtn, tz-] run, flow. I ...... iAnih: flow. " \

taxtan, taz- [ehtn', t'e- I M ee-, N ...... ] cause to run, flow; chase; pour. taxt-gAh [ehtg'h I N -] couch. taz-, -iinih, v. taxtan. tilz-, v. tiixtan. tazag [te'kl] flowing, running. tilzilnag [ee'nk l I N ttiz(y)a~a] whip. tazenidan, tazen- [teyn-ytnl] = taxtan. tazidan, taz- [te-ytnl] = taxtan. Itazig [t'cyk l I N ttizi] swift, fast. 2Tazig [t'eyk l I N tazi] Arab. temar [tym'll M tym'r, N ...... ] sorrow, grief, care. Iterag [tylkl , N tira] dark, turbid. Iterag [tylkl] (mountain) peak, summit. tex [tyh I N tey] sharp fIge, ridge; ray. Itez [tye I M tyz, N -] quick. -ih: speed.

2tez [tye , (P tY.;), N -] sharp. -ih: sharpness.

·tidag [tytk' , (N dida)] pupil (of eye). tigr [HTYA < A ~IY'; tgll M tygr, N tir] arrow. ·tih6g [tyhwkl I N tihil] small grey partridge. tir, v. tigr. Tir [tyll M tyr, N -] a god (confused with Ti~tar); astr. Mercury; cal.

4th month; 13th day . tis [MNDOM < A mndcm; ts I M, J tys] thing, affair. --iz [-e I M -ye] (with a negative) no ... at all.

tiin [tysnl] thirst. tiinag [tymkl I M tymg, N ...... a] thirsty. ......ih: thirst.

Tiitar [tyftll N ...... ] mtr. Sirius. tli [LK < A l-k , M tw, N tu] thou, thee. ·t6f [twp I N to] layer. t6hmag [twhmk' I M twhmg, N tuxma] seed; stock, family. tom [t(w)m I M tm, N tam] darkness. -tom [-twm I (M -dwm)] suffix forming superlative adjectives. tlim [twm I (M twhm, N tuxm)] seed, family. tlirag [twlkl I N tora] jackal. tMag [twfk' I N tofa] provisions. t6xtan, tliz- [twhtnl, twe- I M twz-, N ...... ] atone, expiate . -iAn: atonement, expiation.

tliz [twe I N -] bark, skin.

tru(f)A

tru(f)§ [tlw(p)/: (P tr}jl), N turl] sour. truftag [tlwpth'] stolen; intercalary (days). tuhig [twh}'hl I M twh},g, N tuhi] empty, vain. -ih : emptiness, void.

tumbag [twmbhl I N -a] drum. tund [twnd I N -] sharp, violent. -ih: violence, vehemence.

TOr [twll N -] one of a people inimical to Eran, Turanian. -iin [-'n l I N -] (land of) the Turanians.

Turk [twlh' I N -] Turk. tuAt [twltl] silent. tuwan [twb'nl I M tw'n, N -] might, power. - (+injinitive): it is possible to, one can. -ag [-'hi IN -d] mighty, able. -gar [-Bll N -] rich. -garih: richness, wealth. -ig [-}'h'] able. . -igih: ability, power. --sAman [-s'm'n l] the extent of one's ability.

tuxiag [twh/'kl I M twx!'g, N tuxla] diligent. -ih: diligence, endeavour.

urwar

tuxAidan, tuxA- [twhl-}'tn' I (M twxlc:yst), N -] strive, endeavour. -iAn: endeavour, striving.

u u- [AE- < A 'p I M 'w-] = ud (when/ollowed by a suffixed pronoun, e.g.

u-A). ud [W < A w I M 'wd, N u] and. udrag ['wdfkl = Av. udra-] otter. ul [LALA < A l_ct> I M 'wl] up(wards). - amadan: rise. -ih: upward direction.

ul-amadAn [LALA Y A TWNt'nl, 'wl'mt'nl] astr. ascendant. ·ul-drafA, v. xurdruA. umm~d ['wmyt' I N -] hope. -war [-w'll N -] hopeful.

UrdwabiAt ['wrtwhltl] = ArdwahiAt. UriAIIm ['wlyllym I N -] Jerusalem. urmOd ['wlmwt l I (N amrod)] pear. ·uruspar ['wlwspl = Av. uru8par-] intestines, womb; core, essence. urwAhm(an) ['wlw'hm(n' ) I M 'wrw'hm-] joyful. -ih: joy, pleasure, delight.

urwar [,wlwll M 'wrwr] plant(s), vegetable.

urwazistan 85 wadban

.urwazistan, urwiiz- ['wlw'c- = Av. urwaza-] rejoice. ( -iAn: rejoicing, happiness. .

uskArdan, uskar- ['wsh'l-tn l I J -, (N sigal-)] think, consider, discuss. -iAn(ih): consideration, reflection.

uspurrig ['wspwlykl] = spurrig. ~ ... us(t)Ofrlt ['ws(t)wpl}'t l = Av. usi1jriti-] offering. uAahin ['wlhyn' = Av. ulahina-] the night galz. uAnug ['wlnwkl] = Anug. uAtiin ['wlt>nl = Av. ultana-] soul, ghost. -ih: vitality. -Omand [-'wmnd] living, animate.

uAtar [GMRA < A gmt>; 'wltll N ultur] camel. --g~w-palang ['wltlg'pplng I N -] giraffe.

uzdehig ['wc-, 'wzdhykl I M 'wzdh] exiled; foreign. -ih: exile. uzd~s ['wc-, 'wzdys I M 'wzdys] idol. --parist [-plst l I M -pryst] idolater. --paristiAnih: idolatry. -zar [-e'll M -c'r] idol-temple.

uzenag ['weynk l I N hazina] expense, cost; exit. uz~rin ['wz(')}'lynl = Av. uzayeirina-] the evening gah. uzidan ['wcytnl I M 'wzyd, 'wz}'h-] go out. uzmudan, uzmay- [,wzmwtn l, 'wzm'd-] prove, test, try. -iAn: testing.

uzumburd [,wzmbwltl I N zumurrud] emerald. uzwan [SNA < A lIn'; 'wzw'nl I M czw'n, (N zaban)] tongue, language uzwardan, uzwar- ['wzw'l-tnl I M Czw'rdn] know, understand. -iAn: understanding; 'huzwarish'.

w wabar [w'PlI M w)br, (N btiwar)] truth; belief. wabarigan [w'plyk'n

' I M w'bryg'n] true, trustworthy.

-ih: trustworthiness. wabz [wpc, wpz] wasp. wa~ast [west I = Av. wacas-taIti-] strophe (of the Gathas). wa~~ag [wekl, (bckl) I N balca] child, baby, cub. wad [SL Y A < A sry'; wtl I M wd, N bad] bad, evil. -ih: badness, evil.

wad [w't l I M w'd, N bad] wind, breath, spirit; cal. 22nd day. wadag [wtkl] evil, vile, wicked. -Ih: evil, vileness.

wadam [w't>m I N badam] almond. wadban [w'tp'nl I N badban] sail.

wad-baxt 86

wad-baxt [wtb'ht' I N badbaxt] unfortunate. wad-dil [wtdyl I M wddyl, N baddil] coward(ly). wadgarih [wtglyh] evil-doing. wid-girdag [w'tgltk' I (N gird-bad)] whirlwind. wad-gOhr [wtgwhll N bad-gauhar] ill-, low-born. wad-kAmag [wtk'mk'] malevolent. -ih: malevolence.

wAdrang [w'tlng I N badrang] citron. --bOy [-bwd I N -bOya] lemon balm.

wadl-tOhm [wttwhm] = wad-gohr. --wAzag [-w'ck' I (N gawaza)] abuse. --xem [-hym] ill-natured.

waf- [wp- I P wf-, (N haf-)] weave. -lin: weaving.

wafr [wpll M wpr, N barf) snow. -enag [-ynk'] a sweetmeat.

waydAn [wyt'n' = Av. way8ana-] head (ahuric). wahAg [wh'k' I M wh'g, N baJui] trading; value. - burdan: value, estimate.

wahAr [wh'l, (bh'l) I M wh'r, N bahar] spring. -ig [-yk' I N -i) spring, vernal.

wAnidan

wahig [ZZLA < A ·zmr' (?); whyk' I M whyg, N ·bahi] kid; astr. Capricorn.

wahiit [whit' I M whylt, N bihift] paradise. -ig [-),k' I N -i) (worthy) of paradise.

Wahman [whwmn' I M whmn, N bahman] Good Mind, the first Amahra­spand, guardian of cattle; cat. IIth month; 2nd day.

wlhmAn [·w-n' = w'hm'n' I M 'w'hm'n, J whm'n, N bahman] so-and-so. WahrAm [wlht>n', w'hl'm I M whr'm, N bahriim] god of war, victory; astr.

Mars; cal. 20th day. Ataxi i -: a major sacred fire.

wak [wk' IN bak] frog. wAlan [w'ln' I (N barzan)] settlement, community waIg [wIg] = warg. wAUdan, wAI- [w'l-ytn' I N balidan] grow, increase, prosper. -lin: growth.

wAmidan, wArn- [w'm-ytn'] vomit. wan [wn' I N bun] tree; stock, stem. - i l1urgiinig: pistachio tree. -I was-tOhmag: the Tree of Many Seeds.

wAn-, -IAn, v. wAnidan. wanafiag [wnplk' I N bunaflaj violet. Wanand [wnnd] astr. Vega. wandag [wndk'] rope, cord. wiing [KALA < A ql'; w'ng I = M, N bang] voice, cry. wAnIdan, wAn- [w'n-ytn' I M w'n-y.st] conquer, overcome, destroy.

I L

'\

wAnidan ~ 87

-IAn: conq est, destruction. wani~arih [ WBDN-, wny-klyh] waste. wany [A(W)BDN' < A 'bdn I M WilY] lost, destroyed.

warz

wany(b)ii.dih [AWBDN'bwtyh, - YHWWNtyh I M wny(b)wdyh] destruction, ruination.

lwar [wl I M wr, N bar] breast. Zwar [wl] lake. 'war [wl] oath, ordeal. 'war [wl] shelter, enclosure. war-, v. wiiridan. waray [wl'g I J br'y] crow. waran [wln'] desire, lust. waran [wl'n'J ram. wilriln [w't>n' I M w'r'n, N baran] rain. warani~ [wlnyk'] greedy. -ih: greed, lust.

wilrilni~ [w'l'nyk' I N barani] rain(y). warilz [wl'c I N guriiz] boar. war-(!aAm [wlcfm] with eye(s) in the breast. ward-, v. lwaitan. lwardag [wltk' I M wrdg, N barda] captive, prisoner. -ih: captivity. Iwarda~ [wltk'] on heat (female animal). -ih: heat. ·wardana~ [wlt'n'k' I N gardana] (roasting) spit.

- (

wardenidan, warden- [wltyn-ytn' I (N gardanidan)] cause to turn; change, alter.

wardiAn [wltfn' I M wrdyln, N gardif] turning, change, metamorphosis. -ig [-yk'] transient, changeable. -(i~)ih: transience, mutability.

wardyiln [wltywn' I P wrdywn, N gardiin] vehicle, carriage, chariot. war~ [wig I N bar g) leaf. waridan, war- [w'l-ytn' I M w'r-yst, N baridan] rain. wariAn [wl!n'] conduct, behaviour. lwarm [wlm IN barm] memory. - kardan: learn by heart, memorize.

·warm [wlm IN barm] pool, reservoir. wilrom [w'lwm] mind. warOmand [wl'wmnd] doubtful. -ih: doubt.

warr [LBWS Y A < A lbwf'] wool; garment. warra~ [KNNA < ?; wlk' I M wrg, N barra] lamb, ram; astr. Aries. wars [wls] hair. lwarz [wlc I M wrz, N barz] work, agriculture. ·warz [wlc I M wrc/z] miracle, miraculous power. 'warz [wiz I N gurz] club, mace.

warz- 88 waxsig

warz-, -lsn, v. warzidan. warzag [wlc'k l I (N warzaw)] ploughing (ox). warzawand [wlc'wnd I M wrc'wynd] having miraculous power, powerful. warz-biim [wlcbwm] cultivated land. warzidan, warz- [wlc-ytn' I N -] work, act, practise; till; beget.

..... lsn: work, tillage. warzigar [wlcykll 1\1 wrzygr, N barzigar] worker, peasant. was [KBD < A kbyr; ws I = M, N bas] much, many, enough. P wasnad [wsn'd I = P] for, on account of. waspuhr [w'spwhl] principal. waspuhragan [w'spwhlk'n'] I. special, particular; 2. courtier. -ih: speciality.

wassad [wst l I N bussad] coral. -en [_ynl I N -in] coralline.

wastar [wstl = Av. wastra-:] clothing, garment. wastar [wst'll N bistar] wilful, obstinate; over-confident. -ih: obstinacy; over-confidence.

wAstar [w'stl] pasture, fodder. wastarag [wstlg] = wastar. wAstaryos [w'stlywI = Av. wastry6.jfuyant-] husbandman. -ih: husbandry.

was-tohmag [wstwhmk'] having many seeds. was-xwAstag [KBDhw'stkl] wealthy, rich. wasyAr [wsy(k)'ll N bisyar] much, many. P was [w'I I = P] straw, fodder. ·wasag [wIkl I N ula?] a kind of beer. wastag [wItk'] sick, ill. -ih: sickness, illness.

lwastan, ward- [wItn', wlt- I M wItn, wrd-, N gal tan , gard-] turn, return, wander; change.

-isn, v. wardlsn. 'wastan [wItn'] = waridan. wastih [wItyh] = wastagih. wattar [SLYtl, v. wad I M wtr, N bat(t)ar] worse, bad, evil. -ih: evil, wickedness.

wattom [wttwm] worst. waxr [w'hll (P wxr-)] crooked, distorted. lwaxA [wh! I (M w'x!)] spirit. ·waxA [wh!] profit, interest. waxA, -IAn, v. I, IwaxAidan. waxAendag [whmdk l I P wxIyndg] blazing, burning. waxAgar [wh!kl] usurer. lwaxAidan, waxA- [whf-.,,:n' I P wxI-] bum, blaze, kindle. IwaxAidan, waxA- [wh!-ytnl] grow, wax. -IAn: growth.

waxsig (wh!yk'] spiritual.

\

I, i ,

waxAwar

waxAwar [whfwll N waxsur] prophet. -ih: prophethood.

P waxtan, waz- [w'htn l, w'c- I P w'xtn, w'c-] say, speak. lway [w'd = Av. way-] bird. 'way [w'd = Av. wayu- I P wyw] air, atmosphere . - i wattar: a demon. - i weh: a divinity.

way [w'd I M w'y, N -] woe. lway- [w'd- I M w'y-] fly. -endag [-(y)ndk' I J wlf3'ynd'] bird.

wayidan, 2wiiy- [w'd-ytn'] blow (of wind). wayodagan [wydwtk'n' I M ·wywdg'n, N bay6gan(i)] nuptials, marriage

feast. waz-, -IAn(-ig), v. wazidan. wAz [w'c I = M, (N ha])] word, speech; 'grace' (before meals). - griftan: say 'grace'.

1, 2waz-, -isn, v. I, 2wiizidan. P waz-, v. wiixtan. wazag [w'ck'] utterance, saying. wazay [wzYI N -, bazay] frog. wiizar [w'c'll M w'c'r-, N bazar] market. wazaragan [w'c'lk'n l I M w'c'rg'n, N baztirgan] merchant. -ih: trade.

wazidan, waz- [wc-ytnl Pwz-, N -] move, blow (of wind). -IAn: movement. -lsnig : mobile.

lwazidan, waz- [w'c-ytnl] move, carry away; fly. -IAn: flight.

twAzidan, waz- [w'c-ytnl I N bazidan] play. wazig [w'cyk' IN bazi] game, play. wazr [wzl] = 3warz. wed [wytl I N bed] willow. weh [SPYL < A Ipyr; wyh I M why, wyh, N bih] better, good. -ih: goodness. --den [-dyn' I N bih-din] of the good (Mazdean) religion.

wehm [·wyyhm I M wyhm] large, wide, broad. -ih: width, breadth.

wem [wym I = P] rock. wemar [wym'll M wym'r, N bimar] ill, sick. -ih: illness.

wen [wynl] breath. wen-, -IAn(-ig), 'v. didan. wenAb [~I7I'p I N binab] vision. -dag [-dW, -t'kl] visible.

weniig [u:)'1I'k ' I M wyn'g, N billli] seeing. -Pt: seeing, sight.

w6nig 90 wih6z(ag)

w6nig [wynykl I M wynyg, N bini] nose. wenog [wynwk' I N bunu] lentil. we§ [wyI I = M, N be!] more. weAag [wylkl I N bela] thicket, wood. --estan [-sen l ] woodland. ~ig [-yk l ] silvan.

wewag [wdpkl I N bewa] widow. lwextan, wez- [NSHWN-tn' < A ..; nstJj wyhtnl, wyc- I P wyxt-, N

bixtan, biz-] sift, select, choose, separate, cleanse, purify, winnow. ~i§n : selection.

!wextan, wez- [wyhtnl, wyc-] swing, brandish, throw, pour out. WidadafA [wydtpl = Av. widallaJfu-] the south-western continent of the

earth. widang [wtng I P wdng] trouble, distress, constraint. widar [wt'll N gudar] passage, entrance. widarag [wtlg I M wdr, N gullar] path, passage. widardan, wider- [wtltn', wt(y)l- I M wd(y)r-, N gu3ar-] pass (by, away),

cross, die. ~iAn(ih) : passage, crossing, death. ~iAnig: transient.

widardan, widiir- [wt'l-tn' I M wyd'r-, N gullardan] let pass, transportj endure, suffer.

widaridan [wt'lytn'] = widiirdan.

widaAtan [wtftn l IN gullaftan] = widardan. widiixtan, widiiz- [wt'htnl, wt'c- I (P wd'c-), N gudiixtan, gudiiz-] melt,

dissolve. widiizihistan, widiizih- [wt'cyh-stn

'] be melted, dissolved.

wider-, ~iAn(-ig, -ih), v. widardan. wideran [wt(y)l'nl I N gullaran] transient, dying. widest [wt(y)stl I N bidast] (hand) span (9 in.). ~ig [-yk l ] span-sized, midget.

widirniis [wtym's I (M wyd'm's)] wonder, miracle. ~ig [-yk l ] wonderful. ~ih: miracle.

widimu§t [wtymwlt I M wd(y)mwlt] astonished. ~ih: astonishment.

·widwar [wytwl] contented, resigned, consoled. ~ih: contentment, resignation, consolation.

wiftag [wyptk l ] passive sodomite. wigriid [wgl't

' I N bidar] awake, alert.

wigriidan, wigriis- [wgl'tn', wgl's- I M wygr'd, wygr's-] awaken, rouse.

~iAn(ih): awakening. wih-, v. wistan. wihan(ag) [wh'n(k)', (b-) I M wh'ng, N bahana] cause, reason. wihez- [wyhyc- I M whyz-J' move, progress. wihez(ag) [wyhyc(k l)] movement, progression.

.i

t.

wih6zagig 91

~agig [-yk l ] movablej intercalary (year). wihir- [whyl- I (M whwr-)] change. ~i§n: change.

wimand [wymnd I = M] boundary, frontier, limit. ~ig, ~Omand [_yk', -'wmnd] bounded, limited. ·wimehg~n [wmyhkn l I M wymyh-] ·shapely. wimuAtan [wymwltn

' I M wymrz- « P)] spoil, destroy.

win [wn l ] vina, lute. winiih [wn's I M wyn'h, N gunah] sin, crime. winiihgiir [wn'sk'll M wn'hg'r, (N gunahkar)] sinner. ~ih: sinfulness.

wistar(ag)

\ I

winiihIdan, winah- [wn's-ytn'

I M wyn'h-] spoil, damage, destroy. ~i§n: damage, destruction.

winastag [wnstkl] spoilt, corrupt. windiidan, wind- [HSKHWN-tn

' < A hlktJ, ..; IktJj wnd'tn' I M

wynd'd, wynd-] find, obtain, acquire. ~i§n: acquisition, earnings. ~i§nig: findable.

winJiAk [wnc!kl I N gunjilk, binjilk] sparrow. win(n)ardan, win(n)ar- [wyn'l-tn

' I M wyn'r-dn] order, fix, arrange.

~iAn: arrangement. win(n)irdan [wynltn' I M wynyrdn] be arranged, established; stay. lwir [wyl I M wyyr] man, hero. Iwir [wyll M wyr-, N bir] memory, mind. 3wir [wyll N bir] thunderbolt. wiristan, wiriiy-, (P wiraz-) [wyl'stn

', wyl'd-, (wl'c-) I M wyr'st.

wyr'y-, (P tvyr'lt, wyr'z-)] arrange, prepare, cultivate, restore. ~iAn(ih) : arrangement, preparation.

wireg [wlyk'

I N guriy] flight, escape. wirextan, w~r6z- [OLYKWN-tn

' < A"; (rq; wlyhtn

', wlyc-I P wryxt,

N gurixtan, ~riz-] flee, escape. wirOmandih [wyl'wmndyh I M wyrwmndyy] memory. wirOzag [.wlwck

' I (P wrwc)] lightning.

wis [wys I = M] village. wisiindan, wisiin- [ws'n-dnl] separate. ~iAn(ih) : separation.

wisiiy- [ws'd- I M wys'y-] rest. wisbed [wysptl I M wysbyd] village headman. wise [wsydy I (P wsyd), N gusi] despatch. ~ kardan: send, despatch.

wisistan, wisin(n)- [wsstnl, wsyn- I N gusistan, (gusil-)] break, split. wisp [wsp I M wysp] all, every. wispurdan, .wispar- [wspwltn'] tread, trample. wist [20; wystl I = M, N bist] twenty. wistan, ·wih- [SDYTWN-tn

' < A"; ldh; wstnl] shoot, throw.

wistar(ag) [wstl(g) I N bistar] bedding, cover.

wistardan 92 wizardan

wistardan, wistar- [wstl-tn' I N gustardan] spread. wistiix [wsehw' I M wyst'h, N gustiix, bistax] confident, bold. -ih: confidence, boldness.

wis [w(y)ll M wyl, N gul] poison, venom, bile. wisad [SLYTWNt', wl't' I M wl'd, N guliid] open, wide, loose. wisadan, ·wisay- [SL YTWN-tn' < A ..; lrh; wl'tn' I M wyl'dn,

(wyI)h-), N guliidan, guliiy-] open, loose, free. wisad-dar [SL YTWNt' BBA] hospitable. wisad-dwarisnih [wl't' dwb'llnyh] going about 'open', i.e. without

kustig, or labig. wisan- [wI'n- I = P] shake down. ·wisay-, v. wisadan. wiskar [wlkll N bilgar(d)] hunting-ground, wilderness. wiskidan, wiskin(n)- [wlkytn', wlkn-] divide, separate. -isn: separation.

wiskofag [wlkwpk' I N bilkOfa] blossom. wiskuftan, wiskof- [wlkwp-tn' I J gwlkwftn, gwlkwfJ-] blossom; hatch. wisob-, -isn(-ig), v. wisuftan. wisomand [wI'wmnd] poisonous, venomous. wisQdag [wlwtk' I (M ghwdg)] abortion, daevic creature. wisQdan [wlwtn'] bear daevic offspring. wisuftan, wisob- [wlwp-tn' I M wlwb-, N ·guluftan] disturb, destroy. -isn: destruction. -isnig: destructible.

·wixsay- [whld-] forgive, forbear. -isn(ih) : forbearance. -isnig: forbearing.

lwiyabAn [w(y)d'p>n' I P wy'b'n, N biiibiin] desert. awiyaban [wyd'p>n'] astray, wandering; deluded. -ih: delusion, deception.

wiyabAnenidan, wiyabanen- [wyd'p'nyn-ytn'] lead astray, deceive. wiyabanlgarih [wyd'p'nklyh] deception. -ig [-yk'] wandering, itinerant.

wiyMtan, ·wiyab- [wd'ptn' I M wy'b-] open (the mouth). wiyan [wyd'n' I M wy'n, N giyiin] tent. wiyoz- [wydwe-] loosen, undo. -wiyufs- [wdwps-] make merry. -isn: merry-making. -isnig: merry. wizanda~ [wzndk'] quaking. wizandidan, wizand- [wznd-ytn'] tremble, quake. -isn: quaking.

wizar [we'll M we'r] separation; explanation. wizardan, wizar- [we'l-tn' I M wye'rd, wye'r-, J bz'rd-, N guziirdan]

separate; explain, interpret; perform, fulfil, redeem. -isn: decision; redemption.

\

wizard-wars 93 xiin

wizard-wars [wc' It' wls] with parted hair. wizastan, wizay- [wyz'stn' , wyz'd~ I !VI wyz'y-, N guzuy-] injure,

impair, prejudice. -isn: injury. -isnig: i~jurious.

wizen [weyn' I N guzin] choice. wizend [wz(y)nd I M wzynd, N guzand] hurt, harm, injury. wizengar [wcynkl] chooser; selective. wizidan, wizill- [weytn', wcyn- I M wcyd, N guzidan, guzin-] choolle,

select, prefer, discriminate. (' wizihidan, wizih- [w(y)cyh-ytn'] be separated. -isn(ih) : separation;. dawn(ing).

wizin-, v. wizidan. wizir [weyl] decision, judgement. wiziristan, wizir- [wcyl-stn' I J bzyr-, N guzir-] be able to dispense

with, avoid. -isnig: avoidabl~.

wizistan [westn' I M weyst] teach. wizostan, wizoh/y- [wcwstn', wcwd- I (J bzwb-, N pi:i6hidan)] examine,

investigate. . -isn: investigation. '"

wizudan [wyzwtn'] = wiziistan. wizurd [wcwlt'] valid, genuine, true. -ih: validity, truth.

Worubarst [w'wklwbllt' = Av. wouru.barl1lti-] the north-western con- , tinent of the earth.

WOrUJarit [w'wklwcllt' = Av. wouru.jarl1lti-] the north-eastern con­tinent of the earth.

wurroyistan, wurroy- [HYMNN-stn' < A hymn, ..; 'mn I M wrwyst, (wrw-), J -brWY-, grww-, N brw-, girawidan] believe; choose.

-isn [wlwdln'] belief. wuzurg [LBA < A rb'; wc(w)lg I M wzrg, N buzurg] big, great. -ih: size, greatness.

wuzurg-framadar [LBA plm't>l] prime minister.

x xak [APLA < A (pr'; h'k' I N -] earth, dust. xam [h'm I N -] crude, raw. xamiz [h'myc I N -] pickled meat. xamos [h'mwll N -] silent. lxAn [h'n' I P x'n, N -] house. - ud mAn: house and home, dwelling.

xiln 94 xurdruA

·xAn [h',,' I P x',,] spring, source. xAna~ [B YT A < A byt'; h'nk' I N xana] = lxan. xandidan, xand- [·GHBHWN-ytn' < A ..; g/:lk, or '" .q/:lq/:l; hnd-ytn' I

(M xnyst), N -] laugh. xiini~ [h'nyk' I M x'nyg, N xani] = 2xan. xar [HMRA < A /:Imr'; hll N -] donkey, ass. xilr [h'll M x'r, N -] thorn. xar-buz [hlbwe I M xrbwz] oryx. xar-~Ol [hlgwl I N -] rabbit, hare. xArOmand [h'l'wmnd] thorny. xAr-puAt [h'lpwlt' I N -] porcupine, hedgehog. xastan [mtn' I M xst, N -] wound, injure. xaAen [hfyn' I N xafin] (dark) blue. xAya~ [h'd(y)k' I N xaya] egg. --des [-dys] oval, egg-shaped. xayQ~ [h(')dwk' I N xayu] saliva, spittle. xaz [hz I N -] marten. xem [hym] nature, character. xAIm ['yfm, him I M xyfm, N xilm] anger; the demon Wrath.

..... en [_ynl I M -yn] angry. xinda~ [hyndk' I M xyndg] ill, sick.

..... ih: illness, sickness. xir [CBW' < A lbw; hyll M XYT] thing, matter. xirs [his I N -] bear. xiit [hit' I (P hyltyg), N -] brick. xO~ [hwk' I N xwk, xoy] nature, character, disposition. xOn [DMYA < A dm'; hwn' I M xwn, N xUn] blood. xormA [1Y < A tmryn; hwlm'k' IN ..... ] date. xrad [hlt' I M xrd, N xirad] wisdom, reason.

..... i~, -omand [-yk', -'wmnd I N -mand] wise. xrafstar [hlpstl = Av. xrafstra-] reptile, noxious creature. xridan, xrin- [ZBNN-tn' < A ..; zbn I M xryd, xryn-, N xaridan,

(xar-)] buy. xrGhak [hlwhk' IN ..... ] coral. xrOs [DYLKA < A dkr'; hlws I P xrws, N xl/ros] cock. xrOstan [hlwstn' I M xrwst] call, cry. xOb [hwp I M xwb, N -] good.

..... ih: goodness. xuftan, xufs- [HLMWN-tn' < A"; I;Ilm; hwptn', hwps- I M xwpt, N

xuftan, xusp-] sleep. xOI1 [HZWLYA < A /:Izyr'; hwk' IN -] pig. xOkar(al1) [hwkl(k') I N xukara] hedgehog. xumb [hwmb' I M xwmb, N -] jug, pitcher. xunak [hwnk' I M xvmk, N xunuk] happy; cool. xurdruA [hwldlwl, -dlpl = Av. xrwidruf] 'with a bloody club' (epithet

of Xefm, later misinterpreted as ·ul-drajf '~ith raised banner').

I,

xwAb 95

xwilb [hw'b ! N -] sleep. xwilbar [hw'pll M xw'br] beneficent. -i~ [-yk'] beneficial. -ih: beneficence, benefit.

xwiiridan

xwad [BNPSE < A b-lIpS-h; hwt' I M xwd, N -] self; indeed. -ih: selfhood, essence.

xwadAy [hwt'y I M xwd'y, N ..... ] lord. -ih: lordship, sovereignty. -wilr [-w'l] lordly.

xwad-dOAaI1 [hwtdwlk'] self-indulgent. ( -ih: self-indulgence.

xwah [AHTE < A 'I:zth I N -] sister. I, 2xwiih-, -IAn, v. xwastan, xwastan. xwahar [AHTEl, v. xwah; hw'hll (M xw'r), N xwdhar] sister. xwahl [hw'hll (M xwhr), N -] bent, crooked. xwA(h)rih [hw'(h)lyh I M xw'ryy] happiness, bliss. xwilUst [hw'lyst' I (M xw'ryst)] sweetest. xwamn [hwmn', bmn' I M xwmll] sleep, dream. --wlzilr [-we'll interpreter of dreams, oneirocritic.

xwAn [hw'n' I M xw'n, N -] tray, table . xwandan, xwiin- [KR YTWN-, KL YTWN-tn' < A ..; qr' I M xtvnd,

xw'n-, N xwandan] call, summon . Xwanirah [hwnyls = Av. x t'anira9a-] the central, inhabited continent

of the earth. lxwar [hwll M xwr, N -] sun; eal. 11th day. Ixwar [hwl = Av. x"al"a-] a degree of sin. xwar-, -IAn, v. xwardan. lxwiir [hw'll M xw'r, N -] light, easy; mean, abject. -ih: ease; v. also xwiihrih •

Ixwar [hw'll M xw'r] food. xwilr-, -lAn, v. xwaridan. xwaran [hwln' I M xwrn] banquet. xwarilsAn [hwl's'n' I M xwr's'n, N -] sunrise, east. xwilr-bar [hw'lb'll M xw)r w b)r, N -] food and drink. xwardan, xwar- [OSTEN-tn' < A'lth, ..; Ith; hwltnl I M X"lvrd", XWT-,

N -] eat, consume. -lln: food. -11nil1: edible . -lAnih: eating, consumption.

xwardar [hwlel] (legally) edible, not murdar. xwardil1 [hwltykl I M xwrdyg, N -i] food. xwAren [hw'lyn'] edible. xwilren- [hw'lyn-] cause to eat, drink; feed; irrigate. xwarl1 [hwlg I J xwwrg] ember. xwilridan, xwiir- [hw'l-yt"l] drink. -lAn: drink, drinking.

xwarofriin

xwarofriin [hw!(,)wpl'n' ! 1VI xwrwpr'n] sunset, west. xw~rrah [GpE < A gdh I (M prh, N farr)] fortune, glory, splendour. ~omand [- wmlld] fortunate, glorious.

xwarSed, v. xwarxsed. xwiirtar [hw'!t!] minor (sins). xwarwariin [hw!wPn', -bPn'] = xwarofriin. xwar(x)sed [hw!(h)fyt l I M xwrxfyd, N xurfed] sun. xwiista~ [NKSYA < A nksy'; hw'stk' I M xw'stg, N ~a] property,

wealth. ~omand [-'wmnd] wealthy.

xwastan, lxwiih- [(Y)PLHWN-tn' < A"; p!/:I; hwstnl, hw'd- I J xwh-, N xwast] tread, trample; thresh.

~isn: trampling. xwiistan, 2xwiih- [BOYHWN-stn l < A ,.; bey. hw'stnl hw'd- I M

) ) , , xw stn, xw h-, N -] seek, want, desire; attract, acquire.

~isn: desire, attraction. xwastii~ [hwstwk l I N xustu] confessing, believing. ~ih: confession, belief, faith.

xwas [BSYM < A bsym; hwf I M xwf, N~] pleasant, sweet, nice. -ih: pleasantness, pleasure.

xwed [hwytl I M xwyd, N -] moist, fresh. ~ih: moisture, freshness.

xwedodah [hwytw(k)ds, -d'tl = Av. x"aetwada8a-] kin-marriage. xw~n-iihan [hw(y)n'synl = Av. xVaena- (ayah-)] shining metal. xwes [NPSE < A npf-h; hwyf I M xwy(b)f, N -] (one's) own. -ih: possession. -iiwand [hwyf'wnd I N -] relative, kinsman.

xwesenidan, xwesen- [hwyfyn-ytn l] appropriate, make one's own. xwes-kiir [hwyfk'l] dutiful. -ih: proper function.

xwes-tan [NPSE tnl I N -] self. xw~y [hwyd I N xway] sweat, perspiration. xwistan [hwystnl] sweat, perspire. xwurd [hwlt' I N -] small, little. xwurda~ [hwltk l I N -a] something small, particle; astr. lunar mansion;

(horse's) pastern. -ih: smallness.

P yad [yt l I P yd] until; so that. yak,v. ek.

y

yiikand [y'knd, -ntl I P y'kwnd, N -] ruby. yal [yll N -] hero.

t'

j

yiisaman 97

yiisaman [y'stlw' i N -] jasmine. yask [ysk l I = M] illness, sickness~ yasn-U'sn l I =-- M] adoration, worship. yast [yft' I = M] prayer, worship.

zam

yastan, yaz- [YDBHWN-tnl < A ydb/:lwn, ,.; db/:l; yftnl, ye- I M }'z-] worship, celebrate, recite.

-isn: worship. yiit [y't l = Av. yata-] a degree ofsin. P yiiwed(iin) [y'wyt('n)1 I P y'wyden)] always, eternally. yaz-, -isn, v. yastan. yazd [y;rdt l I M yzd, N -] god, divinity. yiizdah [y'edh I M y'zdh, N -] eleven. yazdiin [y~d'nl] (pI.) gods, spirits. yoJdahr [ywfd'sll M yWjdhr] holy, pure. ~ih: holiness, purity. yoJdahr~ar [ywfd'slkl] purifier. ~ih: purification, sanctification.

yoz [ywe I N -] cheetah, hunting leopard.

z ziida~ [z'tkl I M z'dg, N zada] born; child. zadan, zan- [MHYTWN-tnl < A"; m/:!'; ztnl, zn- I M zdn, m-, N-]

hit, beat, strike, srnite. ~isn: blow, smiting.

ziidan, ziiy- [YLYDWN-tnl < A"; yid; z'tn l I M z'd, z'y-, N -] bear (offspring); be born.

--isn: birth. -isni~: born, engendered, animal.

zadiir [zt'l] smiter; destructive. zadii~ [ztwk l I (N lad)] gum. zafar [zpll N -] mouth, maw (daevie). ·zahii [zh'(kl)] depth. zahiiba~ [zh'pkl I N zahdb] spring, source. lzaha~ [zhkl, (z'hk l) I M zhg, N zah] child, offspring. zzAha~ [z'hkl] element (water, fire, air, earth). zaha~omand [zhk'wmnd] pregnant, gravid. zahiir [zh'll N -] womb . • zahih [zhyh] = zahii. zahr [z'hll M zhr, N --] poison, venom. zahra~ [ze)hlkl I N ~a] bile, gall. zalii~ [zlwk' I N zalu] leech. zam [zm I P zmg] winter.

C6684 H

zamln zAyistan

zamiin [ODNA < A (dn'; ;111'/11, Zll11l1 I M zm'/I, N -] time, hour. -a~ [~m'nkl] = zamiin. ·zamiini~ [~m'nyk'] prescribed. ziimenidan, ziimen- [z'myn-ytn l I M z'myn-] lead, send. zamestiin [~mst'nl I (M dmyst'n), N -] winter. zami~ [z-, ~mykl I M zmyg, N zami] earth. -i~ [-yk'] terrestrial, earthly. --paymiinih [-ptm'nyh] geometry.

zAmyiid [·z'md't l (misreading of z'my~dt' = zam-yazd?) I M z'my'd, N -] cal. 28th day.

zan [NYSE < A nIh; zn l I = M, N -](pl. -an, -in) woman, wife. zan-, -i~n, v. zadan. lzand [znd I N -] commentary, explanation, Zend. Izand [znd I = M] district, tribe. zanda~ [zndk l I N zanda] rampant. zandbed [zndpt l I M zndbyd] headman of a district, tribe. zandik [zndyk' IN -] heretic, Manichaean. -ih: heresy. zan~ [zng] ankle, shank. zan~i~ [zngyk' I N zangi] negro. zanJir [zncyll (P zyncyhr), N -] chain. zAniig [z'nwkl I P z'nwg, N zanti] knee. zard [zltl I N -] yellow. -ih: yellowness. zarda~ [zltkl I N zarda] (egg) yolk. zardak [zltkl I N -] safflower. zardl-iiliig [zlt'lwk

' I N -u] apricot.

--Mba~ [-cwpkl I N -cabal turmeric. Zardu(x)At [zltw(h)lt ' I (M zrdrwlt), N Zardult] Zara6u!ltra, Zoroaster. zar~on [zlgwn' I P zrgwng, N zaryiin] golden, green, fresh. -ih: greenness. zari~ [zlyk

' I M zryg] sorrow, grief.

-omand [-'wmnd] sad, sorrowful. zarmiin [zlm'n' I M zrm'n-, N -] old man; old age, decrepitude. -ih: old age.

zarr [ZHBA < A ztzb'; DHBA < A d~' I M zr-, N -] gold. -en [ZHBAynl, zlyn

' I M zryn, N -in] golden.

-(i)gar [zlykll N -gar] goldsmith. zarwiin [zlwp'nl I P zrw'n] old age. zastan, zly- [zstn l, z(')d-) ask, demand. zaxm [ztm, z'hm I (P jxm), N -] wound. zay [zydji = Av. zaya-] instrument, weapon. zlly-, v. zastan. zAy-, -iAn(-i~), v. ziidan. zay~(ag) [z'yc(k l) I N zayca] horoscope. zAyistan [z'dstn'] = zastan.

zayt 99

zayt [zyt l ] olive. ziiz [z'z I = M, (N zaz)] weed, useless plant. ·zefiin [zyp'n l I (N zif)] wrong, vile. lzen [z':Vnl I = M] weapon, armour. 'zen [zynl I N zin] saddle. zen-abzar [zyn'pc'll N zinaJzar] horse-armour. zenAwand [zyn'wnd] alert, vigilant. zendAn [zynd'n' I = M, N zindan] prison. -bin [-p'nl I N -ban] jailer. -ig [-yk' I N -i] prisoner.

zenenidan, zenen- [zynyn-ytnl] look after, preserve. zenhAr [zynh'll N zinhar] protection. zenig [zynykl] armed. ·zibAl [zb'll N zibiil] swift (horse, etc.). zih [zyh I N zih] bow-string. zindag [zy(w)ndk' I M zyndg, N zinda] alive, living. -ih: life.

zindakkar [zywndkkll M zyndkr] vivifier, reviver. zinenidan, zinen- [zynyn-ytnl] damage, harm. zirak [zylk

' I M zyr, N -] wise, clever.

zistan, v. ziwistan. ziAt [zylt l I = P, N -] hateful, ugly. zlwenidan, ziwen- [zywyn-ytn l I M zywyn-] vivify, revive. zi(wi)stan, zi(w)- [zyw-stnl I M zywystn, zyw-, N zistan] live. zi(w)iAn[zywInI I M zyyIn] life; livelihood. -ih: life, living. -omand [-'wmnd] living, alive.

ziyanag [zyd'nkl] young woman. ziyiAn, v. zi(w)iAn. zofay [zwp'd I M zwp'y] deep; depth. ·-ih: depth.

zofr [zwpll M zwwpr, J zwrJ, (N zarJ)] deep. -Ay [-'d] depth. --payag [-p'dyk'] deep.

zOr

zohr [zwhl I M zwhr] libation, offering. zor [z(,)wll M zwr, N -] power, strength. -Ig, -omand [_ykl, -'wmnd I M -mnd, N -mand] powerful, strong.

zot [zwt l = Av. zaotar-] first officiating priest. -ih: office of zat.

zraw-, v. zruftan. lzreh [zlyh I P zryh] sea, lake. Izreh [zlyh I N zirih] armour. zruftan, zraw- [zlwp-tn'] = azruftan. ziid [zwt l I M zwd, N -] quick(ly). -ih: speed.

ziir [zwl I M z<wr] false, deceitful.

100

ziir-gugay [zwlgwk'dy : M zwrgwg'y] false witness. -ih: false testimony.

zurwan [zwlw'n l ] time; thc god Time, Zurvan. zuwan [.3'Wb'n l ] = uzwan. ziizag [zwzk l I (N zuza)) hedgehog. zyan [zyd'n l I M zyy'n, N ziyan] loss, harm, damage. -gAr, -Omand [-k'l, -'wmnd] harmful.

zyanomand

/

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

(a.-adjective; anim.-animate; astr.--astronomy, astrology; av.-adverb; cj.-conjunction; n.-noun; pn.-pronoun; pr.-preposition; v.-verb; vi.-intransitive; vt.-transitive.)

a e(w). abandon abaz estadan az, histan. ability ~araggarih, hunar, sayendag-

ih, tuwanigih; extent of one's -tuwiin-saman.

abject xwar. able abzaromand, sayendag, tuwiinag,

tuwanig. able, be - ayaridan, sayistan, P sah-;

v. can. ablution padyab(ih). abode iiwarisn, bunag, manist,

nisemag; (daevic) dwarisn. abortion wisudag. above azabar. abrade randidan. abreast hamwar. absolute kamag-xwl'day, kamgar. abstain pahrextan. abuse (n.) dusnam, wad-wiizag. abuse (v.) tar kardan / menidan. accept padiriftan. acceptable mehmiin. acceptance padirisn. acclivity abraz. accompany abagenidan. accomplish pardiixtan. account mar; v. reckoning; on - of

padisay, P wasniid; on that - iin bahrag ray.

account-book daftar. accursed gizistag, nifridag. accused pasemiil. aconite bis. acquire ayiiftan, handoxtan, wind-

iidan, xwiistan. . acquired gososrud. acquisition handozisn, windisn. acquisititJe ayabag. acrobat, pole-- diirwiizig. ((cross tar, tarist.

act (v.) kardan, warzidan. action kard, kardag(an), karm,

rayenisn. actit!e kardar, karig. activity kardiirih,kiirigih. (. adjutant P hdmharz. admonish awenidan. adoratiotl yasn; v. worship. adorn arastan, azriiy-, payriistan,

pesidan. adornment arayisn, payrayag, pesisn. adult diid-meh, pumiiy. \ adulthood mehtarih. advantage bahrwarih, sog, sud; v.

profit. adversar), hamba/edig, hambiiy,

hamemal, hamestiir; (spiritual) ebgat, petyiirag.

advice handarz, pand. advise handarzenidan. advocate Jadag-go(w). affability huewazih. affable huewaz. affair kar, kard, tis. affection griimigih. afraid, be - tarsidan. after friiz az, pas az, pay i. afterwards pas. again abiiz, did, P bid. against padirag. age dad, -salagih; old - pirih,

zarman(ih), zarwan. aged pir. ageless azarmiin. aggression henih. aggressive mustabarmand. agile ~abuk. agilit:)! ~abukih. agitate ayardenidan. agitated, be - ayardidan. agitatioll ayiirdenisn.

IOZ ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

agreeable ham-dadestan. agreement husazagih; pasn, past;

(document) padixsir. agriculture warz. Ahuramazda Ohrmazd. air andarway, way; of the ~ andar-

wayig. alas ala. alert gubrag, wigrad, zenawand. alien anodag; v. strange, foreign. alike ewsan. alive zindag, ziwisnomand. all hamag, hltmist, hiimoyen, har(w),

harwin, harwisp, hambastag. aUiance ayozisn. allot handaxtan. almond wadam; ~ sweetmeat lawz-

enag. alms ahlawdad. alone ewtiig, tag, taniha. aloud borzwangiha. also ham, -iz. alter wardenidan. alteration Jadag-wihirih. always bastan, hame, hameSag,

hAmwar, Jawedan, P yawed(an). amass handoxtan. amber kahruba(y). ambergris ambar. among(st) andar(ag), maylin. amount ~andih. ample frax. anarchy abadixiayih. ancestor niyag. ancient pir. and ud, (u-). anemone alalag. angel frestag; guardian ~ frawahr,

fraward. anger debahr, x~sm. angry xMmen. animal gyanwar; zayisnig; tame

dam; wild ~ dad. animate gyanwar, ustanomand. ankle zang. announce niwistan, niweyenidan. announcement niweyisn(ih). anoint handiidan. answer (n.) passox, (pasox). answer (v.) paywaz-. ant mor. anti- jud-; ami-dem01l;c Jud-dew.

antidote anos, jud-bes, padzahr. anti-knowledge pas-danisnih. anus kiin. any, not ~ e~. anybody kas-iz. apart from fraz az, Jud az. apartments, private ~ sabestan. apology bozisn. apostle frestag, paygambar; v. pro-

phet. appear paydagihistan. appearance cihr, des(ag), paydagih. appetizer pesparag. apple seb. appoint fraz griftan, gumardan,histan. appointee gumardag. appointment paymar. apportion baxtan. appropriate xwesenidan. approval passandisn. approve passandidan. apricot zardah1g. Aquarius Dol. aquatic abig. Arab Tazig. arch-demon mazandar. archer kamandar. architect raz-kirrog. archives dewan. ardent garmog, taftig. Aries Warrag. ark kewiid. arm baza. armed zenig. arm-guard bazabanag. armour zen, zreh, gurdih. armpit kaS. army gund, hen, laskar, spah. around peramon. arouse guhrayenidan, hangextan. arousing hangezisn. arrange arastan, payrastan, rayen­

idan, win(n)ardan, wiristan. arranged, be ~ win(n)irdan. arrangement arayisn, rayenisn,

win(n)arisn, wirayisn(ih). arranger rayenag. arrival rasisn. arrive rasidan. arrogance abartanih. arrogant abal'tan. arrOfO tigr; - shaft cohag.

I

U

I I

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 1 0 3

artisan hutuxs, kirrog. artistry nezumanih. arts kirrogih. Aryan Eranag; - home, land Eran­

bhr, Eranwez. as (av.) 6won, ciyon; (cj.) ce; - if

~iyon ka. ascendant ul-amadan. ascribe to abaz dadan o. ashamed Sarmgen; be ~ pafSir-. ashen adurestaren. ashes adurestar. ask pursidan, zastan, (zayistan). aspen sped-dar. ass xar; wild - gor. assembly hanJaman. assignment piiymar. assist ayaridan, frayadidan. assistance abagih, dastyarih,

frayad(isn). association harnih, nisast. assured(ly) ewar. astonished widimust. astonishing skeft.

--astonishment skeftih, widimustih. astray wiyaban; lead - wiyabanen­

idan. astrologer axtar(a)mar, starosmar

(-osmur). astrology axtar(a)marih, kundagih. at 0, pad. atmosphere andarway, way, spas. atmospheric andarwayig. atone toxtan; cause to - puhlenidan. atonement puhl, tozisn. attack (n.) henih, pahikafisn, tag. attack (v.) pahikaftan, tag kardan

abar I o. attain abar rasidan 0, ayaftan. attendant kardespiis, P hAmharz. attention nigiih. attentive hUniyOX8. attract xwastan. attraction xwahisn. attribute abaz dadan o. audience handemiinih;· --chamber

pesgah. augur murw-nis. auspicious humurwag. authoritati'L'e piidixiiii(Y). authority dastwar(ih), piidixsiiyih,

siiliirih.

authorized piidixsa(y). autumn padez. average mayanag. avert anaftan. Avesta abestag. avoid pahrextan, wiziristan. avoidable wizirisnig. avoidance anabisn. awake gubrag, wigrad. awaken wigradan; v. (a) rouse. awakening wigriisisn(ih). aware iigiih. away parron.

baby waccag, kodak, kawiidag. back (av.) abiiz. back (n.) pust. backgammon newardaxsir. bad wad, wattar; v. evil. /. badness wadih. bag, skin ~ hamban, maSk. baggage bunag. bait cinag. bake poxtan. ( balance taraziig. ball goy. banana moz. banish pad debahr diistan. bank, river ~ bar. banker gllhbed. banner drafs, nisan. banquet siir, xwaran. barbarity anerih. bark post, toz. barley Jaw; Jawen. barren starwan. base bun, fragiin, piiyag. baseless abun. basil, royal - sahesprahm; speckled ~ palangmusk.

basin sadurwan; v. bowl. basis miidayiin, padisar. bastion frawar. bat (anim.) sawag. bath iibzan, garmabag. battle ardig, hamranih, Jang,nibard,

pahikiir, razm, P piidrazm; do ,..., nibardidan; v. fight; doing ,..., ardikkarih.

battlefield kareziir, razmgah. bay (horse) hOr. be biidan, estiidan, h-.

104- ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

bead muhrag. beam frasp. bear (anim.) xirs. bear (v.) burdan; - offspring ziidan, (daevic) hunusakenidan.

beard res. bearer burdar. bearing barisn. beat kOftan, kostan, zadan. beautiful hucihr, nek(ag). beaver babrag. because ce, ed ray ce. become budan. becoming (a.) niyabag. becoming (n.) bawisn. bed gah, balengah. bedding wistar(ag). bee magas i anguben. beer wasag. beestings frusag. before handeman, pes. beget (frazand) warzidan. beginning bunih, fradomih, padisiir,

sar. behaviour barisn, rawisnih, warisn. behind pas. being axw, sti; come into - hambus­

idan. belief iistawiinih, wiibar, wurroyisn,

xwastugih. believe wurroyistan. believing den-iistawiin I -burdiir,

xwastug. bell P dariiy. belly askamb(ag), askom(b); (daevic)

muliin. below er, azer. belt kamar(-band). bemused mast(og). bench balengah. beneficence huda(ha)gih, kirbakkarih,

xwabarih. beneficent huda(ha)g, hugar, kirbak-

kar, xwabar. beneficial xwabarig. benefit xwiibarih. benevolence hucasmih, humiinih. benevolent hucalim. bent xwahl. best pAhlom. bestowal bax1lisn. better weh.

between andarag, mayiin. bezoar padzahr. bier giihug. big wuzurg, stabr. bile wis, zahrag. bind bastan; - together hambastan. binding together hambandisnih. biped dopiiy. bird murw, way, wiiyendag; little -

murwizag; - of good omen humiiy; - of prey skarag.

birth ziiyisn. bishop, v. chess. bite gazidan. biting (a.) gaziig. biting (n.) gazisn. bitter taxI. bitterness taxlih. black syii. blacksmith iihangar. blade tex; - of grass giyiihizag. blame (n.) iiwenisn, erang(ih), nikoh-

isn. blame (v.) iiwenidan, eraxtan,

nikohidan. blameless anerang. blameworthy iiwenisnig, nikohisnig. blaze waxsidan. blazing waxsendag. blemish iihog. bless iifridan. blessed farrox, hufraward. blessing afrin. blind kor. blinking mezisn. bliss sMii, xWii(h)rih. blissful huriim. blister iibilag. blood xon. blossom (n.) skOfag, wiskOfag. blossom (v.) skuftan, wiskuftan. blow (n.) sniih, zanisn. blow (v.) daftan, (damidan); (wind)

wiiyidan,. wazidan; - flute pazd-. blue xasen; blue-green kiiskenen. boar wariiz. board taxtag. boasting niizisn. boat kastig, makok. bodily tanig. body kiilbod, kirh, tan. bodyguard puStibiin.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 1 0 5

boil (vt.) ayiirdenidan. bold wistax; v. brave. boldness wistiixih. bond band; mihr, pasn, past(ag). bone ast(ag), astuxiin. bonnet kulaf. book miidayiin, namag, nibeg. bOfJn iiyaft. bore suftan. born ziidag, ziiyisnig; be ~ ziidan. both Joma; of ~ worlds do-axwiinig. bottle sisag. bottom bun, tah. bottomless abun. boundary kaniirag, marz, siiman,

wimand. bounded siimiinomand, wimandig; v.

delimited. boundiess akanarag. boundlessness akanaragih. bountiful abzonig. bountifulness abzonigih. bow (vJeapon) dron, kamiin, sanwar. bowl padisxwar, tast. bowman kamiindiir. bow-string zih. box kewud, tabang6g; (tree) sim-

sar. boy, v. lad, page, son. brain mazg. branch azg, tiig. brand drosidan. branding dros. brandish wextan. brass brinJ, roy: brassard biiziibiinag. brave .:er, diler, marcabuk, mardiin­

ag, new. bravery cerih, gurdih, marciibukih,

mardanagih. brazen brinJen, royen. bread niin; daily - rozig. breadth pahnay, wehmih. break (vi.) wisistan; v. broken. break (vt.) skastan. breaking sken(n)isn; - faith mihro­

druJih. breast pestiin; sen(ag), war. breath damisn, wiid, wen; short of ~

dllJdaft. breathe daftan, (damidan). bi:itir .. m'N't - nastaran.

bribe piirag. brick xist. bridegroom diimad. bridge puhI. bridle ewiin, padisiir. brigand riihdar. brigandage rahdiirih. bright rosn, sed, P nisiig. brighten rozenidan. brightness, brilliance biim, briih,

briizisn, frog, payrog, spig. brilliant biimig. bring iinidan, iiwurdan, rasenidan,

aden-; ~ about andar iiwurdan. broad pahn, wehm. broadcast srawenidan. brocade debiig. broken, be - skih-; v. break. bronze brinJ; brinJen. broom gyiig-rob. brother briid(ar). brow briig. brown, reddish~ bor. bucket dol, hezag. Buddha but. buffalo giiwmes. bug siis. build desidan. builder riiz-kirrog. bull giiw. bun kuHicag. bunch, bundle dastag. burden biir. buried nigiin. burn (vi.) waxllidan. burn (vt.) dazidan, soxtan, taftan,

(tabidan). burning (a.) sozag, taftig, waxsendag;

ever-- hamesag-soz. burning (n.) dazisn, sog, sozisn,

tiibisn. burrow sur1ig. burrowing surAgig. burst skaftan. bustard carz. but be. butter kiir, royn. buttermilk, dried ~ kask. buttock kun. buy xridan. Bj'zantine hromayig. BY.'Za7ltillm thorn.

/

/

106 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

Caesar kesar. calculate iimiir-; v. reckon. calculated osmurdig. calculation osmiirag. calf gawdar. call xrostan, xwandan. calumny dusewiizih. calyx kuliifak. camel ustar. camp bunag. camphor kiipur. can siiyistan, tuwiin, P sah-; v. able. canape bazmiiwurd. Cancer Karzang. cane graw, nay. cane-brake nayestiin. cap kuliif(ak). capable iidug. capital sahrestiin. Capricorn Wahig. captive dastgir, griftiir, wardag; v.

prisoner. captivity dastgraw, wardagih. caravan kiirawiin. caravaneer kiirawiinig. care (n.) nigiihdiir(isn)ih, pahrez;

temiir. care for pahrextan. cared for pad-nigerisn. carpenter durgar. carpet bob. carriage wardyiin. carrion murdiir, nasii. carry burdan; ~ away wiizidan. carry out hanJiiftan. case (law) diidestiin, Jiidag. cast down hambiistan. caste pesag. "-castle, v. chess. cat gurbag. cattle gospand, stor. cattle-stall gostiin. cauldron deg. cause (reason) cim, wihiin(ag); (case)

Jiidag. cavity gabr. ceiling askob. celebrate yastan. celebration Jasn. celery karafs. cemetery.Jiaxmagestiin. centaurnemasp.

ceremonies, religious - hamiigden, radpassiig.

certain a- I abe-gumiin, ewar, tiistig. certainly ewar. certainty abegumiinih, tast. chaff kiih. chain zanJir. chalcedony karkehan. chamberlain dar-handarzbed. chance (n.) Jahisn. chance (v.) Jastan. change (n.) wardisn, wihirisn. change (vi.) wastan, wihir-. change (vt.) wardenidan. changeable rozward, wardisnig. channel jo(y), kahas. chapter dar. character Ciyonih; ragih, xem, xog. characteristic daxSag. charge, in ~ abarman. chariot rah, wardyun. charity ahlawdad. charm nerang; v. spell. chase (n.) naxcir. chase (v.) pazdenidan, taxtan,

tazenidan. chatter (n.) drayisn. chatter (v.) drayidan. cheek erwarag. cheese panir. cheetah yoz. cherish parwardan. \ chess catrang; (pieces) K sah, Q

frazen, B pi!, Kt asp, R madayar, P payadag.

chest sen(ag); (box) tabangog. chestnut sahbalut. chew Judan. chicken kark. chick-pea naxod. chief (a.) madayiin, (daevic) kamalig. chief, spiritual ~ rad. child aburnay(ag), frazand, rahig,

waccag, zadag, zahag. childbirth abusih. childhood aburnayih, rahigih. childless apus, starwan. choice (a.) pad-wizen. choice (n.) wizen. choose wextan, wizidan, wurroyistan. chooser wizengar. Christian tarsiig.

I

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 1 0 7 chronicle kiirniimag. circle cambar. circular gird. circumstance ce-ewenagih. circumvallation, citadel parwiir; v.

fortification. cither tambur. citron wiidrang. city sahr, Sahrestan. claim pahikardan. clarion niiy. class mar. clay gil; gilen. clean pak; ritually ~ piidyiib; v. pure. cleanse wextan. cleansed allnud(ag), (asnidag). clear rosnag. cleave tasidan. clever zirak; v. wise. clime kiswar. cloak kabiih. clothe nihuftan, (nihumbidan). clothing jamag, paymog, wastar(ag). cloud abr, mey, snoy. clover aspast. club gad, warz, (wazr); bearing a ~

gadwar. cluster hOSag. coarse stabr, sturg. coarseness stabrih. cock xros. coconut aniirgel. coin, small copper ~ pisiz. cold sard; ~ region sardser. coldness sardih, sarmag. collaboration hamkarih. collaborator harnkar. collapse hambastan. collapsed hambastag. collect (vi.) 0 gird amadan. collect (vt.) hambaridan, harrob-, P

amwastan. collection harrobisnih. colour (n.) gon(ag), rang. colour (v.) pesidan. colt kurrag. column stun(ag); military ~ karawan. comb sanag. combat hamnibardih, hamriinih,

ko(x)sisn; v. fight. combustion sog. sozisn. come iimadan, madan; awar!; -- In

andar amadan; - to, upon abar rasidan; ~ to an end 0 ham madan.

comer madiir. command (n.) framiin. command (v.) framudan. commander framiindiir, kustagbed,

sastiir, spiihbed. commandment framiiyisn. commentary zand. commission gumardan. commit abespurdan. commonalty amaragiin, payram. community hanjaman; wiilan. compact hambast. companion hambay. company abiigih. compelled acarag. compensation tiiwan. complain garzidan, niil-. complaining garzisnig, mustomand. complaint garzisn, gilag, must. complete (a.) bowandag, hangirdig,

(u)spurrig. complete (v.) frazaftan, hangirden­

idan, hanjiiftan. completeness hangirdigih, spurrigih. completion bowandagih, frazamisn,

hanJiim. complexion gon(ag). compose hambastan, hamenidan. composed hambastag; be~ hambudan. composite bahromand. compositeness bahromandih. composition hambawisn(ih). comprehend abar madan. comprehension ayiibagih; parwand. compress afSurdan. comprise parwastan. comrade hamahl, hamiil. conceal nihuftan, (abar) nihumbidan. concealment nihan. conceived, be ~ hambusidan. conception hambusisn. concerning andar. conclusion fraziim. condemn eraxtan. condemnation casmagahih, erang(ih);

v. blame. conduct (n.) warisn; v. behll'oiour

good ~ erih. conduct (v.) franiiftan. confess iiskiirligenidan, garzidan.

108 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

confessing iistawiin, xwastug. confession iistawiinih, xwasrugih;

iiskiir4gih. confidence wistiixih. confident wistiix. confounded stard. confused iihid; be - seb-. confusion iihidih, sebisn. congregation hanjaman. connect paywastan. connected hamband. connection hambandih, paywand. conquer tarwenidan, wiinidan. conquest wiinisn. conscious osyiir. consciousness os(ih). consecrate niwistan, niweyenidan. consecrated bread dron; - drink

pariihom. conserve ambag. consider abar nigeridan, pad ed

dastan, handesidan, hangiirdan, osmurdan, uskiirdan.

consideration amar, hangarisn, osmiirisn, uskiirisn(ih).

consign abespurdan. consolation widwarih. consoled widwar.

'COnstellation axtar. constitution passiizisn. constraint widang. consubstantial hamg6hr. consult pahikiirdan. consultation hampursagih. consulting hampursag. consume xwardan. consumption xwarisnih. contain parwastan. contained, be - in andar budan. container kabiirag. contempt tarmenisnih. contemptuous tarmenisn. contend with pahikiir-. content(ed) abemust, hunsand, hu­

snud, widV\ar. content(ment) hunsandih, husnudih,

snomag, snohr, widwarih. contentious sturg. contiguous hamsiimiin. continent kiswar; v. Appendix (vi). continually paywastag. conliflfl"t' estadun.

contract mihr. contract-breaker mihrdroz, mihro-

druj. contrary abaron, mih. conversion hiizisn. convert hiixtan. cook poxtan. cool (a.) xunak. cool (v.) afsiirdan. cool down afsardan. cooling afsiirisn. cope with abar madan. copper roy; (a.) royen; v. coi1l. copulate giidan, marzidan. copulation miiyisn, marzisn(ih). copy pa(c)cen. coral wassad, xrohak. coralline wassaden. cord wandag. core miidayan, uruspar. coriander g/kisniz. corn jordii. corner gosag. corpor(e)al astomand, astwand, kiil­

bodomand, tanig, tanigard, tan­omand.

corpor(e)alityastomandih, tanomand-ih.

corpse ristag, nasii. corrupt ganniig, winastag; v. rotten. corruption ganniigih, nasrust(ih),

pohisn. corvee begiir. cost uzenag. costume brahm(ag). costus kust. cot giihwiirag. cotton pambag; (a.) pambagen. couch biilengiih, taxtgiih. counsel pand; taking - hampursag. count osmurdan. counter- padirag. counterpart briidarod. countless amar(ag), anosmiir, asiig. country bum, deh, sahr. countryman dahigiin, (dehgiin). couple Juxt. courier payg. courtier wiispuhragiin. cover (n.) wistar(ag). ('O'/.'er (v.) nihuftan, (nihumbidan),

pollidan.

v

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 109

cot'ering p6siim. cow giiw. coward wad-dil. cow-shed gostiin. crab karzang. cradle giihwiirag. craftsman kirrog. craftsmanship kirrogih. crane kulang. create iif(u)ridan, (friiz) brehenidan,

diidan, tiisidan; (daevic) kirren­idan.

creation iifurisn, brehenisn, (bun-) dahisn; diim.

creator diidiir, Day. creatorship diidiirih. creature diim; noxious - xrafstar. crime iigrift, winiih. crimson karmir. crooked waxr, xwahl. cross widardan, (widastan). crossing widerisn(ih). crow wariiy. crowd groh. crown abesar. crucifixion diirgardih. crude xiim. crush afSurdan, kOftan. cry (n.) wiing. cry (v.) xrostan; (weep) griyistan. crystal iibgenag, belur. crystalline iibgenagen. cub waccag. cubit iiresn, friiriist. cultivate wiriistan. cultivated iibiidiin; - land warzbum. cultivation iibiidiinih. cup paygiil. cup-maker paygiilgar. curator stur. curds miist. cure beSAz(en)-. curls ges. currency rawiigih. curre"t rawiig. curse nifrin. curtain pardag. cushion biilen, biilis. custodian (of stray animals) apedag­

diir. custom dastwarih, ewen(ag). customary sonig.

wt (n.) brin. cut (v.) b(u)ridan. tfisidan. cuttillK (a.) burag. cutting (n.) burisn. cypress sarw.

daevic creature wisiidag; v. noxious. dagger celiin, dasnag. daily rozwiirag. dais siidurwiin. dakhma daxmag, diidgah. damage (n.) winiihisn, zyiin; V. harm. damage (v.) winiihidan, zinenidan;

V. hurt, injure. damask, monochrome - pi ring ; poly-

chrome - parnagiin. damn eraxtan. damp naft; V. moist. danger sej; free from - aseJ. dangerous seJomand. dare ayiiridan. dark tiirig/k, terag; --coloured dabr. darkness tiir, tiirig/kih, tom. date xormii. date-palm muy. daughter duxt(ar). dawn biimdiid, OS, os(e)biim. dawning wizihisn(ih). day roz; - and night roz-sabiin. daytime rozgiir. dead rist. deafkarr. dear dosag, griimig. death marg(ih), OS, widerisn(ih), P

murd; moment of - gyiin kandan; deserving - margarziin; risk -, fight to - anos xwardan.

deathless ahM, amarg; V. immortal. deathlessness amargih; V. immortality. debt abiim. decay pohisn. deceased anosagruwiin; V. blessed. deceit dawiil, dro, freb, pa(c)cibiigih. deceitful dosaxwan, zur. deceive druxtan, freftan, pa(c)cibiiy-,

wiyiibiinenidan. deceived freftiir. deceiver dabr; freftiir. deception freb, wiyiibiin(gar)ih. decide friiz griftan. decision wiziirisn, wizir. decisive bringar.

IIO ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

declination ogrii. declining ni~ebig. declivity niseb, seb. decrease (n.) kiihisn, nirfsisn. decrease (vi.) nirfs-, kiistan. decrease (vt.) kiihenidan, kastan. decree, v. destiny. decree (v.) brehenidan. decreeing breheniig. decrepitude zarmiin. deed kiir, kuni~n; v. good, evil. deep zofiiy, zofr( -piiyag); (water)

niiydiig. deer gawazn. defeat pahikiir-, stowenidan. defeated st~. defecate ridan. defence pahrez, piisbiinih; (legal)

pasemalih. defend piidan. defendant pasemiil. deficiency abebud(ih), frodmiind. defile iihogenidan, iilildan. defiled iilildag. defilement iilildagih; v. pollution. degree (of arc) sus. dejection (astr.) niseb, past. delay (n.) spoz(isn). delay (v.) spoxtan. delicate diirmag. delight huniyiigih, urwiihm(an)ih. delightful huniyiig. delimitation brin. delimited brinomand; v. bounded,

limited. deluded wiyiibiin. delusion wiyiibiinih. demand zastan, (zayistan). demolish hambiistan. .demolition hambiihi~n. demon dew, druz; female....., eh; v.

Appendix (ii). demonic dewiinag. denying nakkirii. depart franaftan. deprivation appiirih. deprived abahr. depth nigiinih, zahii, zahih, zofiiy(ih),

zofriiy. deputy gumiirdag. descendant naft. desilftwiyiiban.

design nigiir-. desire (n.) iirz6g, kiim(ag), waran,

xwiihisn. desire (v.) abiiyistan, griiyidan,

kiimistan, xwiistan. desirous kiimagomand. desist from abiiz estiidan az. desolate awerag, aweran. desolation drosag. despairing anummed. despatch (n.) wise j (v.), v. send. desperate gyiin-abespar. despise tar kardan I menidan. destiny breh, brehenisn. destroy abesihenidan, (afsenistan),

gugiin-, kandan, mumJenidan, wiinidan, wimustan, winiihidan, wisuftan.

destroyed iiniist, mildag, tabiih, wany; be ....., abesihidan.

destroyer, destructive kastiir, zadiir. destructible wisobisnig. destruction abesihisn(ih), afsenisn,

iiniistih, kastiirih, tabiihih, wiinisn, wany(b)ildih, winiihisn, wisobisn.

detail, in....., gowiziir. detailed gokiinig. details gokiin. determined brin. determiner bringar. detriment (astr.) petyiirag. devil dew. devil-worship dew-esnih / -ezagih. devoted gyiin-abespiir. devour obiirdan; (daevic) Jildan. dew mizne. dexterous nezilmiin(ig). diagram nigiirag. diamond almiis(t). die (gaming) gardaniig, tiis. die (v.) murdan, widardan, (widas-

tan). difference judiigih. different Jud, judiig, Juttar. difficult duskar, dus(x)wiir, gariin. difficulty dus(x)wiirih. dig kandan. digest gugiir(i)dan. digestible hugugiir. dignified husk6h. dignity huskohih, skoh. dilatory spozgiir.

, ,

I. I.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX III

diligellce tuxsagih; v. endeavour. diligent tuxsiig. diminish kastan. diminisher kiistiir. diminution kiihisn, nirfsisn. dinar deniir. dip ogrii. direct (a.) riist. direct (v.) riiyenidan. direction kust(ag), nemag, ron, sog;

downward ....., nigilnih; upward ....., ulihj v. organization.

dirt rem. dirty reman. disagreeable dus(x)wiir; jud-diidestiin. disappear abaydiigihistan. disappointment oreb(ih). disbelief aniistawiinih. disbelieving aniistawiin. disciple ha~iigird, hiiwist. disciplehood hiiwistih. discord aniistih. discriminate wizidan. disengage from abiiz kardan az. dish padisxwar. dishonour aniizarmih, dusrawih. dishonoured aniizarm(ig), dusraw. disk girdag. disobedience aburdframiinih, spoz,

spozisn. disobedient aburdframiin, spozgiir. disobey spoxtan. dispense with wiziristan. disperse pargandan. disposition menisn, ragih, xog. dispute (n.) pahikiir. dispute (v.) eraxtanj v. fight. disquiet anistih. dissatisfaction ahunsandih. dissatisfied ahunsand. dissolve widiixtan. dissolved, be ....., widiizihistan. distant dur. distorted waxr. distress stowih, skeftih, tangih,

widang. distressed ranJwar, stO. distribute baxtan, pargandan. distribution baxSi~n. district awestiim, kust(ag), piiygos,

rostag, zand. disturb iiyozidan, wi~uftan.

disturbance asob. divide wiskidan. divinity abargar, yazd; v. Appen-

dix (i). divisible bahromand. division bazisn, brin, kardag. do kardan. doctor bizesk. doctrine iifriih, ciistag, poryutkesih. doer kardiir, kunisngar. dog sag. dogma kes. dog-rose nastaran. dome gumbad. domestic iidehig j kadagig. dominion sahryiirih; of long

dagrand-xwaday. don paymoxtan, posidan. donation dahisn. done, be....., kirih-; be....., with pardaxtan

az; not....., akard. donkey xar. door dar. double dogiinag. doubt gumiin(ih), waromandih; cast-

ing ....., gumangar. doUbtful gumiinig, waromand. down er, frod. downwards nigilnsiir. dowry kiiben. drachm drahm. dragon az, Azdahiig; (astr.) Gozihr. draught iihang. draw (pull) ke~idan; (picture) nigiir-;

....., out, ....., water iihixtan, hixtan. dread iihr. dream bil~iisp, xwamn. dress paymozan; v. garment. drink xwiirisn; alcoholic....., hur. drink (v.) xwiiridan; cause to .....,

xwiiren-. drinking xwiiri~n; .....,-vessel takok. drop pa~sing, passinjag, sresk. drug diirilg. drum tumbag. drunken mast(og). drunkenness mastogih. dry husk. dry up hOsidan. dumb agowiig, gung. dung gOh, sargen. dung-worm pazug i gOhgard.

II2 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

duratioll drang. dust gard, xak. dutiful xweskar. duty bar, frez, harg; fulfilling duties

frezb/wanih. dwell bunag dastan, man-. dwelling estisn, man, manisn, manist,

xan ud man; ~ of demons gilistag. dye rang. dying purr-gah, wideran.

each harw. eagle aluh, dalman, hurnay. ear gos; ~ of corn hosag. earnings windisn. ear-ring goswar. earth biim, xak, zamig. earthly zamigig. earthquake biim-candag. ease asanih, ramisn, xwarih; at ~

ramisnig. east osastar, xwarasan. easy asan, sabuk, xwar. eat xwardan; cause to ~ xwaren-. eating xwarisnih; (daevic) Joyisn. ebb ogar. ebony abniis. edge kanar(ag), karan; sharp ~ tex. edible xwarisnig, xwaren, xwardar. educate frahixtan, parwardan. educated frahixtag. education frahang, parwarisn. effort harg. egg xayag. egg-shaped xayagdes. eight hast. eighteen hastdah. eighty hastad. elbowaranJ. elder dadrneh, mehtar. element amezisn, rastag, zi1hag. elephant pil; ~-driver pilban. eleven yiizdah. eloquent gowag. embassy bayaspanih. embers xwarg. embrace agos, kanar. emerald uzumburd. emptiness tuhigih. empty,..tuhig. enchan) afsiidan. encircle hambastan.

enclose parwastan. enc!o.l/lre parwand, parwast, war. end ahdomih, frazam, hanJam, knran,

sar; come to an ~ 0 ham mad an; v. jinish; from ~ to ~ sarasar.

endeavour (n.) ayozisn(ih), tuxsiigih, tuxsisn.

endeavour (v.) ko(x)sidan, tUxSidan; v. strive.

endless asar. endowed bahrwar. endurance pattiigih. endure burdan, pattiidan, widar-

(i)dan. enduring pattiig. enemy dusmen. energetic ko(x)sisnig. engendered zayisnig. enlarge friixenidan. enmity anastih, dusmenih. enough was. enter andar amadan / sudan. entertainer huniyagar. entertainment huniyagih. enthroned, be ~ abar nisastan. entire bowandag, (u)spurrig; v.

complete. entrails rodigan. entrance widar. entrust abespurdan, gumardan. entryaden. entwine pecidan. envious aresken, easrnaresk, duscasm. envoy bayaspan. envy aresk, caSmareskih, duscaSrnih. epistle frawardag. equal (a.) hamog. equal (n.) hamahl, hamal, hamtag. equivalent gohrig. Eranian ~ranag. erect stey, stendag. ermine kakom i sped. erring aband, ab~riih. error abandih, erang(ih). escape (n.) rastiirih, wireg. escape (v.) rastan, wirextan. especial miidagwar; v. special. especially (pad-)namcist. essence ceih, cihr(ag), gohr(ag),

madag, madayan, xwadih, uruspar. essential gohrig, madagig, miidagwar,

madayan.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX II3

establish nihadan. established, be - winnirdan. estate dastagird. estimate wahag burdan. eternal dagrand-xwaday, hameig,

Jawed. eternally hameihii, Jawedan(ag), P

yawedan. eternity hamesagih, hame-rawisnih;

of ~ frasagirdig. evening ebarag; previous - dos. ever hagriz. every harw, wisp. everyday rozwarag. evident a§kari1g, nigerisnig. evil (a.) akomand, anag, druwand,

wad(ag), wattar, dus-; - deed dusxwarst; ~ eye as, duJdoysarih; - rule duspadixSiiyih; - ruler duspadixsa(y); ~ speech dusewaz­ih, dushiixt; - spirit Ahrernan, gannag menog; - thought dus(hu)­mat; of ~ behaviour duskunisn; of - religion agden, duJden; of­speech dus-gowisn; of - thought dusmenisn.

evil (n.) ak, anagih, bazag(ih), dusih, petyarag, wad(ag)ih, wat­tarih; onslaught of - ebgat(ih), petyaragih.

evil-doer anag-kardar. evil-doing wadgarih. evil-minded duswir. evil-natured dusxem. ewe mes. exaltation (astr.) balist. exalted balistig. exaltedness biilistih. examine wizostan. excellence pi1hlomih. excellent cabuk, pi1hlom, pi1som. except be ... (enya), Jud az. excess frehbiid(ih). excrement giih, hixr, muhrisn. execrable nikohisnig. execrate nikohidan. exempt pargiid. exile uzdehigih. exiled uzdehig. existence (h)astih, axw(an), sti. exists (h)ast. exit uzenag.

C6684 I

expansive abzonig. expel ogardan. expense uzenag. experience karagahih. experienced karagah, nibardag. expiate toxtan. expiation puhl, tozisn. explain paydagenidan, wiziirdan. explanation wiziir, zand. explicit gowiziir. exposition nigez(isn). expound nigextan. express (juice) hunidan. expulsion pazdagih. extend, cause to - rawenidan. extinguish afsiirdan. extinguished, be - (a)zruftan. extract ahixtan; (juice) hunidan. extraordinary skeft. exudation passing. eye caSm, doysar ; evil - ai,

duJdoysarih. eye-lash, -lid miJ(ag).

fable afsan. face cihr, roy, faint tand. faintness tandih. faith kes, xwastiigih; breaking

mihrodrujih. faithful den-iistawiin I -burdiir. falcon biiz. fall kaftan, obastan, Oftiidan, pad-. fall down (collapse) hambastan. fall on pahikaftan. fallen hambastag. false mih, ziir; - judgement dro­

diidwarih; ,..., testimony ziir­gugiiyih; - witness ziir-gugiiy.

falsehood drozanih, mihoxt. fame husrawih, nam. family diidag, naf, tornag, torn. famous husraw, niimcistig, niirnig. fan damenag; far diir. farmer dahigan, (dehgiin); v. hus-

bandman. farthing pisiz. fashion (friiz) brehenidan, passiixtan. fast (a.) tiizig; v. quick, swift. fast (n.) rozag. fasting piidrozag.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

fat (a.) frabih. fat (n.) carbisn, pih. fate baxt, breh, spihr. father pid(ar). fathom Judniiy. fattiness carbih. fatty carbo fauLt iihOg, miindag. favour iiyaft. fear (n.) bim, skoh, tars; iihr. fear (v.) tarsidan. fearful bimgen, bimomand. fearfulness bimgenih. fearless abebim, abim. fearlessness abebimih. feast bazm, siir. feather parr. feeble niziir; V. weak. feed xwiiren-. feel miirdan, sohistan. feeling (a.) sohisnig. feeling (n.) sohisn, pahrmiihisn. felling hambiihisn. felon mar. felt namad. female denOdag, miidag. femininity miidagih. fence parzin. fervent garmog, taftig. festival giihiinbiir; Jasn. fever tab, tabisn. few andak, cand, ewcand, kam,

nihang, oziirak. fewer kern. fibre rellag. fickle niizuk, rozward. ) field kisw(iin)ziir. fierce sturg. fifteen piinzdah. fifty panJiih. fig anJir. fight (n.) Jang, nibard, pahikafisn;

V. battle, combat. fight (v.) eraxtan, nibardidan, pahi-

kiir-, P riin-; make ~ pahikiiftan. fill iigandan, hambiiridan. filter piiliidan. filth rem, remanih. filthy reman. final(~bdom, pasen. finality abdomih. find windiidan.

findable windisnig. . fine biirig/k, diirmag, P naxsag. finger angust. finger-guard angustban. finger ring angustarig. finish fraziiftan, hanJiiftan. finished, be ~ frazaftan, hanJaftan. finite kaniiragomand; v. limited. fire iidur, iitaxs; form of ~ iisrokerpa;

sacred ~ iidarog, Burzenmihr, FarrobAg, Gusnasp, iitaxs i Wah­riim.

fire altar iidurgiih. fire-stand adist. fire temple dadgah, gumbad. firewood es/zm. firm awestwiir, ost, ostigiin, staft. firmament spihr. firmness awestwiirih. first ahy, fradom, naxust, nazdist. fish miihig. fist mus/st. fitness sazisn, saziigih; v. suitabiLity. fitting abiiyisnig, niyiibag, passazag,

saziig(wiir); be ~ abiiyistan, saz-. five panJ. fix win(n)iirdan. fixed (star) awiyiibiinig. flask iliSag. flautist niiy-sriiy. flavour caxsisn. flea kayk. flee wirextan. fleshgost, pid. flight parwiiz, wiizisn; (escape) wireg. flock carag, ram(ag). flour iird; browned,...., pist. flourish, make ~ padexenidan. flourishing padex; v. prosperous. flow (n.) rezisn, tazisnih. flow (v.) iisixtan, rextan, taxtan,

(tazidan); cause to ~ tiixtan, tazenidan.

flower (n.) gul, sprahm, skOfag. flower (v.) skuftan. flowing taziig. fluid lIusar. flummery piiliidag. flute niiy. fly (n.) magas, maxs. fly (v.) wiiy-, wiizidan. foaL kurrag.

I

I I

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX IIS foam kaf. fodder wastar, P was. following (household) giil. folly halagih. food ciistag, niin, pih, xwar, xwardig,

xwarisn; ~ and drink xwiir-hiir. foolish dusiigiih, halag. foolishness dusiigahih. foot pay, pay; on ~ payadag. foot-soldier payadag, payg. footstep pay. for (cj.) ce; (pr.) riiy, P wasniid. forbear wixllay-; V. forgive. forbearance siixtiirih, wixsayisn(ih). forbearing wixllayisnig. force must, stabrih; vital ~ axw. forehead anig, pesanig. foreign anodagig, uzdehig. foremost pAhlom, pesenig ; ~ seat

pesgiih. forest raziir; V. wood. forget frAmustan, az daxsag histan. forgive abaxsayidan, iimurzidan,

wixllay-. forgiveness abaxsiiyisn, iimurzisn. forgiving abaxsiiyisnig. forgotten anayiid, frAmos. form (n.) brahm(ag), cihr, des(ag),

ewen(ag), gon(ag), Jadag, kiilbod, kirb; of the same ~ hamdesag.

form (v.) Cihrenidan, hambastan. formed hambastag. former pesenig. fornication marzisn(ih). forth friiz. fortification drubustih. fortress diz, drubust. fortunate farrox, hangad, jahisnayiir,

xwarrahomand. fortune bayobaxt, baxt, farroxih,

hangadih, Jahisn, xwarrah. forty cehel. forwards friiz. foster parwardan, parwiil-. foul gandag, ganniig, piidag. found nisiistan. foundation bun, bunist, fragan, niha-

dag, nisiiyisn; lay ~s fragandan. fountain siidurwiin. four cahiir. fourteen cahiirdah. fourth tasum.

fowler talag-cin. fox robiih . fragrance huboyih. fragrant huboy. francolin kabkanJir, por. frankincense kundur. free (a.) abeziir, iiziid, harzag, kiim­

ziwisn; ,...., from pargiid az. free (v.) wisiidan; ,...., oneself from

pardiixtan az. freed, be ,...., of pardaxtan az. freedom iiziidih, pardazisn. freeze afsiirdan. fresh sabz, tarr, xwed, zargon. freshness xwedih. friend ayiir, dost, errnan. friendliness ayiiromandih. friendly aYiiromand, mihrbiin. friendship ayiirih, dostih, ermiinih,

mihr. frighten pazdenidan. frog wak, wazay. from az. front anig. frontier wimand. fruit bar, biir, mewag. fruitful baromand. fruitless abebar. frustrate iiniiftan. frying-pan tiibag. fuel es/zm. fulfil wiziirdan. full purr. fuller giizar. fullness purr-rawisnih. function riiyenisn; proper ,...., xwes-

karih. furrow (n.) kis. furrow (v.) kistan. further did; V. hence. furthermost bedom. fury iihr.

gain handoxhn. gaining one's ends kiimag-hanJiim. gall, V. bile. gallows dar. game kiidag, wiizig; (quarry) naxcir •. garden biiy; (flower) ,...., boyestiin. gardener boyestiinbiin. garment Jiimag, kabiih, paymog,

paymozan, warr, wastar(ag).

116 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

gate darband. Gatha gah; relating to the -s

giihiinig. gather (vi.) (0) gird iimadan, 0 ham

madan. gather (vt.) cidan, gird kardan, 0 ham

kardan, harrob-, P amwastan. gathered gird. gathering cinisn, harrobisn(ih);

(group) gund, hanJaman. gazelle iihug. Gemini Do-pahikar. general (a.) amaraganig. general (n.) spiihbed. generally, in general amaraganihii. generality amaragan. generation awiidag. generosity riidih. generous rad. genesis bawisn. gentle carb, nazuk. gentleness carbih. genuine wizurd. geometry zamig-paymiinih. ghost (soul) gyan, ustiin; give up the ~

gyiin kandan. gift iiyaft, diisn, parag, dasar. gigantic mazandar. giraffe mtar-giiw-palang. girdle kan18r; sacred ~ ebYiinghan,

kustig. . girl kanig, kanizag; v. daughter,

maiden. give diidan. giving dahisn. glass iibgenag, Jam. glazed (pottery) dosen. gleam brazidan. glorious biimig, xwarrahomand. glory abrang, biim, xwarrah. gnat paxsag. go franaftan, raftan, sudan; cause to ~ rawenidan.

go forth abiiz raftan. go out uzidan, (fire) (a)zruftan. goat buz. goblet Jiim(ag), paygal. god abargar, bay, yazd. goer, raftar. going ra~sn. gold zarr. golden zarren; (colour) zargon.

goldsmith .zarr(i)gar. good (a.) huda(ha)g, nek(og), new,

weh, xub, hu-, P nwagj ~ char­acter huxemih; ~ deed huwarlit, kirbag; ~ repute husrawih; ~ rule hupadixUyih; ~ ruler hupadix­sa(y); ~ speech hiixt; ~ spirit spenag menog; ~ thought humat; of ~ behaviour hukunisn; of -character huxem; of ~ religion huden; of ~ repute husraw; of­speech hu-ewaz, hu-gowisn; of­stock pad-gohr(ag); of - thought humenisn.

good-mindedness humanih. good-natured huxem, nek-gohr. goodness huih, nekih, nekgohrih,

wehih, xubih. goose si. gorget griwban. grace (prayer) waz; say wiiz

griftan. grain cinag, dan(ag); Jordii. grandfather niyag. grandson nab. grape angiir. grass giya(h). grate randidan. grateful burdesnohr, huspas, spas­

dar, spaseSnas, spiisomand. gratitude iiziidih, spiis, spasdarih,

sniiyisn, snohr. gravid zahagomand; v. pregnant. grazing carag. great meh, wuzurg. Great Bear Haftoring. greatest ayre, mahist. greatness wuzurgih. greed az, iizwarih, ruzdih, waranigih. greediness iizkiimagih. greedy iizkiimag, iizwar, ruzd,

waranig. Greek hromiiyig. green sabz, zargon. greenness zargonih. greeting erkas. grey-blue kabod. grief cehag, temiir, zarig; v. sorrow. grieve cidan; v. lament. grind iirdan. groan uiil-. groom, head - iixwarr-siiliir, storbiin.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 117

gross sturg. group dastag, groh, gund. grow rustan; (increase) abzudan,

walidan, waxsidan. growing aroyisnig. growth aroyisn, royisn; (increase)

abzayisn, abzon, walisn, waxsisn. gruel kiimag. gryphon ba§kuc. guard piinllg, pas; nigastar; keep ~

pas diiStan. guarded pad-nigerisn, pad-panag. gum'dian pasban ; (legal) stur. guest mehman. guidance parwiinagih. guide (n.) parwanag, pesar, rahnimiiy. guide (v.) hiixtan, nimudan. guild pesag. guilty, be ~ of pesar budan. guinea-worm pazug. gum dos; zadug. gummy dosen. guts rodig(an). gynaeceum sabestan. gypsttm gac.

habitation mehmanih. hag duskanig. hail tagarg. hair moy, wars; (a.) moyen. hairless ambarag. half nem(ag). hall sray. halter padisar. hammer cakuc, potk. hand dast, panJag; (daevic) gaw;

right ~ dasn. hand-guard abdast. handiwork dastkarih. hang (up) iigustan. Haoma Hom. happen Jastan. happiness farroxih, huramih, hun­

sandih, husniidih, Udih, snayen-.-isn, urwiizisn, xwa(h)rih. .

-happy farrox, huram, hunsand, husnud, sad, xunak.

hard saxt, staft, skeft. hardlless, hardship skeftih. hare sahog, xargos. harm (n.) ak, anagih, azarm, bes,

besisn, wizend, zyan.

harm (v.), v. hurt, damage. harmful pad-zyan, resken, zyiingar,

zyanomand. harmfullless reskenih. harmless abes, abewizend, judbes. harmlessness abesih. harmony hamih. harp cang, kenniir. harpist cang-sray, kenniir-sray. harsh drust, staft. harshness drustih. harsh-spokendrust-awaz I -ewiiz. haste nixwarisn. hasten awilhiiftan, nixwiir-. hatch wiskuftan. hate ken. hateful gizistag, zist. haughty abarmenisn. ·haunch haxt. have diiStall. hawk biiz. hazelnut bistag, pOlldik. he an, oy, P hO. head sar, waydan; (daevic) kamal. headman (district, tribe) zandbed,

(village) wisbed. heal beMz(en)-. healing (a.) besllz. healing (n.) besllz(en)isnih. health drod, drustih, tandrustih. healthy drust, tandrust. hear ASnudan, niyo(x)sidan. hearing (a.) ASnawag. hearing (n.) lisnawagiha, fisnawisn,

niyo(x)sisn. heart dil. heat (n.) garmag, garmih, tabisn;

(she-animal) wardagih; on ~ war­dag.

heat (v.) taftan, (tabidan). heaven asman. hea'venly menog, spihrig. heaviness garanih. heatlY garan. hedge parzin. hedgehog xarpust, xukar(ag), zuzag. heel pasnag. height baliiy. heir namburdar; cnoken. held griftar. hell dusox. dwiirisn. hellish dusoxig.

uS ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

helmet targ. help (n.) ayiirih, dastyarih, frayiid,

frayiidisn. help (v.) ayiiridan, frayiididan. helper ayiir, dastgir, dastyiir. helpful ayiiromand, frayiidisnig. helpfulness ayiiromandih. hemp bn. hempen sanen. hempseed siihdiinag. hen kark. henbane bang, mango hence parron. herbmarw, rilrag;fragrant~ sprahm. herd ram(ag). here edar. heresy ahlomoyih, duswurroyisnih,

Judristagih, zandikih; V. hetero­doxy.

heretic ahlomoy, Judristag, zandik. hero er, gurd, wir, yal; befitting a ~

erwiir, gurdwiir. heroism gurdih. heterodoxy agdenih; V. heresy. hide (n.) carm, post. hide (v.) nihuftan, (nihumbidan). hideous duscihr. high borz, buland; on ~ biilistig. higher abar(dar). highest abardom, ayre, biilist. hill griwag, kM. hip haxt. hire mizd. hireling mizdwar. hit pahikaftan, zadan. hither oron; awar! hold diistan, griftan. ) hold by, to pad ... dii~tan. hole may, silrAg, silriix. holed silrAgomand. holiness piikih, yoJdahrih. hollow gabr. hollowness gabrih. holy abezag, piik, speniig, yojdahr; ~ word miinsarspand.

homage, pay ~ namiiz burdan. home iiwarisn, mehan; (daevic) gilis-

tag. homogeneous hamewenag. homomo'tlbhous hamdesag. honest friron; v. righteous. honesty friironih.

honey anguben; --bee magas anguben.

honour (n.) iizarm, iizarmigih, burzisn. honour (v.) burzidan. honoured iizarmig. hoofsumb. hoop cambar. hope emed, ummed. hopeful ummedwiir. hopeless anummed. horn sril; (trumpet) giiwdumb. horned srilwar. horny srilwen. horoscope ziiyc(ag). horrible aryand; v. terrible. horse asp, biirag, stor. horse-armour zenabziir. horseman aswiir. horsemanship aswiirih. hospitable wisiid-dar. hospitality aspinJ, mehmiinih, spin-

jiinagih. host mezdbiin. hostile besburdiir. hostility bes; bear ~ bes burdan. hot garm; grow - taftan. hour zamiin(ag). house kadag, miin(d), sriiy, xiin(ag);

V. lady, master; ~ and home xiin ud miin.

household (retinue) giil; ~ member miinig.

householder kadagxwadiiy. how ciyon, ce-ewenag. how many, much cand. human being dopiiy, mardornziidag. humanity mardomih, mardom-

zadagih. humble erman(ag), ertan, narm. humility ermenisnih, ertanih. hump kM. hundred sad. hunger gursagih, suy, suy. hungry gursag, gusnag. hunting-ground wiskar. hurt (n.), V. harm. hurt (v.) bistan, (besidan), residan. hurtful resken. husband giidiir, merag, soy. husbandman wiistaryos; V. farmer. husbandry wiistaryosih; v. agricul-

ture.

I

, \1' I , ;

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 119

'huzwarish' uzwiirisn. hyena haftiir. hymn giih. hypocrisy pa(c)cibiigih.

I az, man. ibex piizen. idol but, uzdes. idolater uzdesparist. idolatry dew-esnih I -ezagih, uzdes-

paristisnih. idol-temple uzdes-ziir. if agar, ka; ~ only kiic. ignobility anerih. ignoble aner. ignorance adiinih, pas-diinisnih. ignorant adiin, duJdiiniig, dusiigiih. ill dus-; v. sick. ill-born wad-gohr I -tohm. ill-breathing dujdaft. ill-doing duskunisn. illegal adiid. illegality adiidih. ill-natured wad-xem. illness wast(ag)ih, wemiirih, xindagih,

yask. ill-spoken dus-gowisn. ill-thinking dusmenisn. illuminate abroxtan. illumination abrozisn(ih). illuminator rosngar. ill-will duskiim. image nigiirag, pahikar. immaculate aniihid, aWinast/ immediately harnzamiin. immobile arawiig, awazisnig. immoderate apaymiin; v. excess,

deficiency. immoderation apaymiinih. immortal ahos, amarg, anos(ag). immortality ahosih, amargih, anosa-

gih. I immutability awardisnigih. immutable awardisnig. impair wiziistan, (wizildan); v.

damage, injure. impalpable agriftiir. impatient apattilg. impede padiriin(f:n)idall. imperfect anuspurrig. imperishability asazisnih. imperishable afrasiiwand, asazisn(ig).

impotence agiirih. impotent husk-kiln. improper anabiiy. imprudent halag. impurity iihid. in andar(ag), pad. inability anabziirih. inactive agiir, armest. inactivity agiirih. incantation afson, nerang. incapable anabziir, aniidilg. incline griiyidan. incorrigible kordil. incorruptible apohisn. increase (n.) abzon, abziiyisn, frii­

dahisnih, mehenisn. increase (vi.) abzildan, wiilidan,

waxsidan; (vt.) mehenidan. increasing abzonig. indeed xwad. indemnity gohrig. independent kiimag-widiir / -xwadiiy

kiim-ziwisn. indestructible anafsenisn. India Hindilgiin. Indian hindilg. indigenous iidehig. indigo nil. individual ewtiig, ewiizig. indolence aJgahiinih, sildagih. indolent ajgahiin, sudag. inevitable aciir, awizirisnig. inexpiable aniibuhlag. inferior aziskeh. infidel agden; V. heretic. infinite anagr; ~ Light anagriin,

anagr-rosn(ih). infirm anost; armest. infirmity armestih. inform iigiihenidan, azdenidan. ingratitude anespiisih. inhabitant mehmiin. inheritance abarmiind. inimical hambasiinig. iniquity kastiirih. initiate dahm. injunction handarz. injure azardan, (aza/urdan), wiziistan,

(wizudan), xastan. injurious wiziiyisnig; v. harmful. injury iiziirisn, iizarm, wiziiyisn,

wizend.

IZO ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

injustice adiidih, adiidestiinih. inn aspinJ. innocent awiniih, abewiniih. innumerable amar, anosmiir, asiig. insert passiixtan. inside andaron. insight! spiritual ~ menogwenih;

havtng ~ ~ menogwen. insolvency aniidiinih. insolvent aniidiin. install abar nisiistan. instantly hamzamiin. instruct frahixtan. instrument abziir, zay; (stringed) rod. insult dusniim. intangible agriftiir. intelligence fraziinagih, os(ih). intelligent fraziinag. intend griiyidan. intention menisn. intercalary (days) duzidag, truftag;

(year) wihezagig. intercession Jlidag-gowih. intercessor Jiidag-go(w). interest, v. profit. intermediary maylinJig. interpret wiziirdan. interpreter targumiin; ~ of dreams

xwamn-wiziir. l'ntertwine hambastan. intertzvining hambandisnih. intestine(s) rodig, uruspar. intimate hamdam. intoxicated mast(og). intoxication mastogih. introduction handemiingarih. introducer handemlingar inverted niglin. '\ investigate wizostan. investigation wizoh/yisn. invisibility abaydiigih. invisible abaydiig, awenisnig. invocation azbiiyisn. invoke azbiiy-. invulnerability abesih. invulnerable abM, abewizend. lran(ian), v. Eran(ian). iris herig. ~~on lihan; (a.) lih~nen. ,."~spon~le apursl1!nig. '"'gate xWliren-. is (h)ast; '" not nest.

issue abliz raftan. item tiig. itinerant wiyiibiinig.

jackal torag. jailer zendiinbiin. jasmine yiisaman. javelin Bel. jaw erwiirag. jealous aresken. jealousy aresk. Jerusalem Urislim. jet 1!abag. Jew JahUd. jewel gohr. jewelled pad-gohr. join abyoxtan, liyoxtan, (iiyozidan),

paywastan. joined ewkard(ag). joke kiidag. joy farroxih, siidih, urwiihm(an)ih. joyful siid, urwiihm(an). judge (n.) diidwar. judge (v.) handiixtan. judgement diidestiin, dlidwarih;

handiizisn, wizir. jug xumb. Jupiter (astr.) Ohrmazd. justice dlid, diidestlin.

keep dlistan, niglih diistan. keeper diistiir. keeping nigiihdiir(isn)ih. key kilel. kidwahig. kidney gurdag. kill kustan, ozadan. kin, next of -- nabiinazdist. kin-marriagexwedodah. kind (a.) mihrbiin. kind (n.) gon(ag), siin, sardag, son;

of the same ~ hamewenag. kindle (vi.) waxs,idan; (vt.) abroxtan. kindness niizisn. king 1!iih; '" of kings siihiinsiih. kingly siihwiir. kinsman xwesliwand. kiosk kosk. knead sristan. knee (u)sniig, ziiniig. knife kiird. knight, v. chess.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 121

knot grih. know dlinistan, snlixtan, uzwlirdan. knowing iigiih, diiniig, diinisnomand,

sniisag. knowledge iiglihih, diiniigih, diinisn,

frahang, sniisagih. known iisniig, azd. koumiss hur.

labour, forced -- beglir; v. work. lad redak. ladder pillagiin. ladle kafc. lady biiniig, niirig; ~ of the house

kadagbiiniig. lair iisyiin. lake war, zreh. lamb warrag. lament (n.) sewan. lament (v.) cidan, hangriiyidan. lamentation brlimag, cehisn, gilag,

moyag. lamenting hangrudag. lammergeyer diilman. lamp ciriiy. lance nezag. land biim, deh, bhr. lane koy. langour tandih. language uzwiin, (zuwiin). languishing tand. lapis lazuli klisken; (a.) kiiskenen. large friix, wehm; v. big. lark cakok. last (a.)abdom, pasen. last (v.) pattiidan. lasting estisn. late (deceased) anosagruwiin, hufra-

ward. laugh xandidan. lavatory eamisn. law diid, diidestiin. lay (down) nibiistan; -- foundations

fragandan. layer tor. laziness aJgahiinih, sustih. lazy aJgahiin, sust. lead (n.) arziz, srub. lead (v.) iinidan, franiiftan, hiixtan,

nidan, rliyenidan, zlimenidan, aden-; ~ up ahriiftan.

leaden arzizen, sruben.

leaa..e~ parwiinag, pesiir, pesobliy, salar.

leadership parwlinagih, pesobiiyih. leaf wal/rg. . lean griiyidan. learn hammoxtan; ~ by heart warm

kardan. learner hammoxtlir. learning hammoxtiirih. learnt gososrud. least kahist, kamist, nidom; at '" pad

kamistih. leather earm, dawiil. leather bag paywiisag; V. skin bag. leave histan. leech dewok, zaliig. . leek gandaniig. left(-hand) hoy(ag). leg piiy....,padistiin. legal dlidig. lemon balm wiidrangboy. length dra(h)niiy. lentil miJiig, wenog. Leo Sagr. leopard palang; hunting ~ yoz. leper, leprous pes. less keh, kern. lessen kiihenidan, kiistan. lesser I kehtar. lest ma agar. let histan. letter frawardag, nlimag. level hlimon, hamwar. liar drozan. libation zohr. liberal riid. liberality riidih. Libra Tariiziig. lie (n.) dro. lie (v.) druxtan. lie down nibastan. life zindagih, zi(w)isn(ih). lift abriistan. light (a.) rosn; (weight) sabuk, xwiir. light (n.) payrog, rosn(ih). lighten rozenidan. lightning rozag, wirozag. like (a.) ewsiin, hamog, hamsardag,

hiiwand, mliniig. . like (pr,) ciyon, handiizag i, hangos­

idag i, 0 ... homiiniig. like (v.) dosidan, passandidan.

122 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

likeable passandisnig. likeness ewsiinih, hangosidag, hiiwan-

dih, homiiniigih, miiniigih. likewise hamedon, hamgonag. liking dosisn, passand(isn). lily sosan. limb handiim, (hanniim), pesag. limbo hammistagiin. lime ciirug; (a.) ciirugen. limit kaniirag, kariin, siimiin, wim­

and. limited brin, kaniiragomand, wiman­

dig, wimandomand; v. bounded, delimited.

line kis, radag. lineage gohr(ag). link band. lion sagr. lip lab. liquid susar. little andak, kam, oziirak, xwurd;

a ~ cegiim-iz-e(w). live zi(wi)stan; v. dwell. livelihood zi(w)isn. liver Jagar. living (a.) ustiinomand, zindag.

zi(w)isnomand. living (n.) zi(w)isnih. lizard karbiis, karbunag. load biir, pustag. loan abiim. locks ges. locust kullag, mayg. logic cimgowiigih. long dagr, dagrand, driiz. long-lasting dagr-pattiiy. long-lived dagr-zi(w)isn. '\ look (n.) nigiih. look (v.) nigeridan, nigiih kardan. look after zenenidan. loose (a.) harzag; williid. loose (v.) wisiidan. loosen wiyoz-. loosing hili!in. lord axw, bay, lIahryiir, xwadiiy; ~ of

the land dahibed. lordly xwadiiywiir. lordship xwadiiyih. loss apPiir-~, zyiin. lost wany; stray) ap~dag. lot bahr. lotus nilopal.

loud borzwiing. louse spill. love (n.) dostih, dOSagih, dosiiram,

mihr. love (v.) dosidan. loving dOSag. lower, past. low-born wad-gohr I -tohm. lowland garmser. lucerne aspast. lunar mansion xwurdag. lunch ciist. lung sus. lust iirzog, iiz, waran, waranigih. lute tambur, win. lying drozan; (prostrate) nibem. lyre barbut, kenniir; v. harp.

mace gad, warz, (wazr). mad dewiinag. madder royan. made, be ~ kirih-. magic Jiidugih, kundiigih. magician Jiidug, ked, kundiig. magnify mehenidan. magpie kiisken(ag) murw. Magus moymard; v. priest. maid kanig, kanizag, paristiir. maiden dosizag. maidenhood dosizagih. maintenance diirisn, Jadiirih. majestic riiyomand. majesty §koh; s.v. bay. make kardan, siixtan. male gulln, nar. maleficent aniig-kardiir. malevolence duskii.m, wadkiimagih. malevolent wadkii.mag. malice ken. malicious kenig. man mard, wir; (~kind) mardom; the

First ~ Gayomart; old ~ zarmiinj young ~ merag.

manager kiirframiin. mane basn, bus. manger iixwarr. Manichaean zandik. manifest nigerisnig; v. obvious, visible. mankind mardom. manliness rnardiinagih. manly mardiinag, nar.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 123

manna tabarzad. manner brahm(ag), ewen(ag), handii­

zag, hangosidag, ristag, siin, son, edonih.

manure sargen. many was, wasyiir; so ~ and, cand. march (border) marz; ~ warden,

margrave marzobiin. mare miidiyiin. marigold hamewahiir. marjoram marzangos. mark daxsag, dros(om), nisiin. marked daxSagomand. market wiiziir. marking-nut baliidur. marriage zanih; ~ feast wayodagiin. marriage portion kiiben. marrow mazg. Mars Wahriim. marten xaz. marvel abd sahistan. marzipan lawzenag. mask padiim. mast frasp, stun(ag). master awestiid, rad, siiliir; ~ of the

house kadagxwadiiy, miinbed. mastery abarozih. material astwand, astomand. matter xir, kard; (physical) miidist. maturation pazziimisn. mature pazziim-, 0 paymiin madan,

rasidan. maw zafar. Mazdaism miizdesnih. Mazdean miizdesn, wehden;

scriptures abestiig. meadow riiy; v. pasture. meal bazm, cast, mezd, sur; evening ~ siim.

mean pen; xwiir. meaning cim. meanness penih. means abziir, ciir. measure (n.) handiizag, paymiin(ag);

(time, length) hiisar, v. Appendix (vii); grain ~ griw, kabiz.

measure (v.) paymudan. meat gost, pid; pickled xiimiz ;

potted ~ haliim. mediation mayiinJigih. mediator mayiinJig. medicament diirug.

medicinal besAz, biJagiin; plant rurag.

medicine darmiin. meek narm; v. humble. meet, come to ~ 0 ~adirag madan. meeting padiragih. melody niwiig. melt widiixtan. melted, be ~ widiizihistan. member handiim, (hanniim), pesag. memoir ayiidgiir. memorize warm kardan. memory ayiid, ayiisilin(ih), daxiiag,

warm, wir, wiromandih. menstrual cycle dastiinmiih. menstruation da§tiin. menstruous da§tiin(omand). merchant wiiziiragiin. merciful abwiiyisnig. merciless aniimurzid. mercilesmess aniimurzisn. Mercury Tir. mercy abaxsiiyisn, iimurzisn; ha1Je ~

abaxSiiyidan, iimurzidan. merry wiyufsisnig; v. happy; make ~

wiyufs-. merrymaking spaxr, wiyufsisn. message paygiim. messenger astag, bayaspiin, paygiim-

bar. metal ayoxSust, xwen-iihan. metallic ayoxsusten. metamorphosis wardisn; v. transfor-

mation. midday nemroz; ~ heat rabih. middle mayiin; nemtan. middling mayiinag. midget widestig. might sezd, tuwiin. mighty kardagiir, sezden, tuwiiniig;

v. powerful. migrant kiirdiig. mitch denOdag. mild earb. milk (n.) Jiw, pem, sir; sour ~ miist. milk (v.) doxtan, (dosidan). mill (n.) iisyiib, iisyiig. mill (v.) iirdan. millennium haziirag. millet iilum, arzan; giant ~ gahl,

giiwars. millstone iisyiig.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

mind axw, miinag, wiirom, wir. mindful, be - of ayiisidan, (ayiistan). minister dastwar; prime - wuzurg-

framiidiir. minor (sins) xwiirtar. minute (of arc) lipi. miracle warz, widimiis(ih). miraculous power, having - warz-

iiwand. mirror ewenag. miserly pen. misery niyiiz. misfortune astiinag, dusfarragih,

dus(x)wiirih, petyiirag. misrule dusxwadiiyih; v. evil rule. mission aStagih, bayaspiinih. mist mey, mizne. mistress kadagbiimlg. Mithra Mihr. mix abyoxtan, iimextan, gumextan,

sristan. mixing, mixture iimezisn, gumezisn,

gumezag(ih), gumeg. mobile wazisnig. mocker afsosgar. mockery afsos, riyahrih. moderate paymiinig. moderation paymiin(igih). modesty nang. modius griw. moist naft, tarr, xwed. moisture nam, xwedih. monkey kabig. month miih, miihigiin. moon iiyism, miih; full - purrmiih;

new - andarmiih. more friiy, freh, well. moreover enyli. morning biimdiid. morocco leather saxtag.

\

mortal anosxwar, gehiinig, marg-omand, osomand, sazisnig.

mortar hiiwan; (lime) ciirug. mosque mazgit. mosquito paxShg. most frahist. mother mlid(ar). motion Jumbiigih, Jumbisn, rawisn;

set in - rawiigenidan. mottled pes:\ " mount biirag) stor. mountain gar, kM.

mourn cid an. mournful cehisnig. mouse musk. mouth daMn; (daevic) zafar. movable wihezagig. move ewarzidan, Jumbidan, raftan,

wazidan, wihez-; - quickly seb-; cause to - Jumbenidan, wiizidan.

moved, be - Jumbihistan. movement candisn, ewarz, Jumbisn,

wiizisn, wihez(ag). moving ewarzig. mow driidan. much aber, friiy, freh, was, wasyiir;

as - as, however - and cand; so -and, cand.

mud laJan. music niwiig. musician huniyiigar. musk musk. mussuck maSk; small- maskizag. must (n.) biidag. must (v.) abiiy-. mustard seed spandiin. mutability wardisn(ig)ih. muzzle poz(ag). myriad bewar. myrobalan halilag. myrtle mord. mystery riiz.

nail mex; (finger) nlixun, sru; naked brahnag. name niim. naphtha naft. narcissus nargis. narrow tang. narrowness tangih. natural Cihrig, gohrig. nature cihr(ag), gohr(ag); ciyonih;

xem, xog. navel nlifag. navigable nliydlig. near nazd(ik). necessary abliyisnig; be - abliyistan.

(andar) abiiy-. necessity abiiyisn. neck gardan, griw. neck-guard griwbiin. need astiinag, niyliz. needle sozan.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

needy astlinagomand, driyos, niyliz-omand.

negligence sudagih. negligent sudag. negro zangig. neighbour hamsiiyag. nest Uyiin(ag). net diim. never hagriz. new nog. fleW-born nogziid(ag). New Year's day nogroz. news, good - niwe. nice xwas. niggardly pen. night sab; last - dos. night raid sabixon. nimble ciibuk, sebiig. nine no. nineteen nozdah. ninety nawad. lIillth nohom. no ne; ec. nobility erih. noble abarmlinig, iisnud(ag), (iisni-

dag), iiziid, iizniiwar, er, pesenig. flObody kas-iz. node of the moon Gozihr-dumb I-sar. noise pattiin; v. sound non-Aryan aner. non-essential Jadisnig. non-existence anastih, ncstih. non-existent anast. non-Mazdean kesdiir; v. heretic. noon rabih. north abiixtar. nose wenig. not ne, ma; - an)' cc; - at all

hambun, tis-iz. notice miirdan, osmurdan. notoriety caSmagiihih, dusrawih. notorious caSmagiih, dusraw. flOUrish parwardan, parwiil-. nourishment parwiil(isn), parwarisn. now nun; hiid. noxious creature xrafstar. number mar(ag), siig. nuptials wayodagiin. nurse, (wet-) diiyag. nursing, nurture diiyagiinih.

oath sogand, war.

obediellce ekiinagih. obediellt ekiinag, framiinburdiir,

srosig. obligation frez, tiiwiin. obligatory frezb/wiinig. observation nigerisn. observe nigeridan, nis-. obsidian sabag. obstinacy stambagih, wastiirih. obstinate stambag, wastiir. obtain ayiiftan, windadan. obvious iiskarAg, casmagiih, casmdid,

paydag, rosnag. occasion bar, Jiir, hangiim. oCCllr Jastan. offence agrift. offering mezd, piirag, us(t)Mrit, zohr. offspring frazand, paywand, zahag;

(daevic) hunusak. often biistiin. oh! alii. oil carbisn, royn. oily carbo oldkahwan, meh, pir; V. age. oleaginous carbisnomand. olive zayt. omen Jadag, Jahisn, murwag. on abar, pad. onager gor. once ewbiir. one ek, ew. oneirocritic xwamn-wiziir. onlyewiiz. open (a.) wisiid. open (v.) abiiz kardan, wisiidan; (the

mouth) wiyiiftan. opinion, of the same - hamdiidestiin. opponent hamba/edig, hambasiin,

hamemiil, hamestiir. opposing hambasiinig, Jud-diidestiin. opposite mih; Juttarih. opposition hamemiilih, hamestiirih,

padiragih. oppress awistiiftan. oppressed handraxtag. oppression awistiib, handraxtagih,

pazd, stahm, stahm(ag)ih, stam­bagih.

oppressive stahmag, stambag. or ayiib. orchard biiy. ordeal war; heat - garmowar(ih).

u6 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

order (n.) framiin, framiiyisn. order (v.) framl1dan; win(n)iirdan. ordinary sonig. organization riiyenidarih. organize riiyenidan; v. arrange. origin cihr(ag), fragiin. ornament payriiyag. Orontes Arwand. oryx xarbuz. ossuary astodiin, hazziin. other .abiirig, any, (ani-z). otherwise enyii, juttar. otter udrag. outcome hanJiim. out (side) be(ron). outstrip andar widardan. oval xiiyagdes. oven tanl1r. over abar, tar, tarist. overcome stowenidan, tarwenidan,

wiinidan. over-confidence wastiirih. over-confident wastiir. overflow iisixtan. overseer kiirframiin. overstep spoxtan. owl bM/g. own xweil; make one's - xwesenidan. ox giiw.

pace giim. pact pdt(ag); v. bond, treaty. page (boy) redak, rahig. Pahlavi pahlawig. pail hezag, dol. pain beil, dard, pim. painless adard. paint (picture) nigiir-. pair Juxt. palace dar, darbiis, koilk, iliihigiin. palace superintendent darigbed. pang pim. paradise garodmiin, (garasmiin),

wahiilt; (worthy) of - garodmiinig, wahiiltig.

paragraph darak. parasang frasang. pardon (n.) hiliiln. pardon (v.) hiiltan. part blt\lr, baziil~ piirag, pesag,

sraxtag. Parthian pahlawig.

particle xwurdag. particular ewiizig, wiispuhragiin; in~'

pad niimcist. partner hambiiy, hambiiz. partridge kabk, tihog. pass sazistan, widardan, (widailtan);

let - widiir(i)dan. passage widiir, widarag. passing sazi§n, widerisn(ih). pastern xwurdag. pasture carag, wiistar. path pand, widarag. patience biirestiinih, burdih, bur­

diirih, patrugih, skebiigih. patient biirestiin, burd, pattl1g,

likebiig. pavilion kosk, mask; royal - mask-

abarzen. paw panJag. pawn v. chess. pay rnizd. peace iisiinih, iistih, drod, riim(ilin):

give - riimenidan. peaceful iisiin, hammist, riirniilnig. peach iliftiill1g. peacock frail(a)murw. peak biilen, basn, cagiid, terag. pear urmod. pearl morwiirid. peasant warzigar. peck (measure) griw. peer hamahl, hamiil, hamtiig. peg mex. penance petit. penis ker. penitence petitigih, pasemanih. penitent petitig, pailemiin. penniless aganJ. pentad panJag. people mardom, piiyram: other - kiir. perceive miirdan. perception boy, miiriiln. perceptive mariig, miiriilnomand. perch niilem. perennial salwiir. perfect (a.) bowandag, hangirdig,

(u)spurrig. perfect (v.) frazaftan. perfected, be - frazaftan. perfection spurrigih. perform friiz griftan,!kardan, wiziirdan. performer kunisngar; v. entertainer.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 127

perfume boyenidan. perhaps ma agar. period drang, paymiin(ag). perish abesihidan. perishable frasiiwand, sazisnig. permanence asazisnih, estisn. permanent asazisnig. perpetual Jawediinag. persecution pazd. perseverance patrugih. persevering patrug. Persian piirsig; v. Eranian. person kas, tan, P kec. perspiration xwey. perspire xwistan. persuade hiixtan. persuasion hiizisn. perverse tarmenisn. perversity tarmiinih, tarmenisnih. pheasant tadar(w). philosopher filiisOf ii. phlegm drem. physician bizeilk, drustabed. physicist gohrag-danag. physics Cihr-sniisih. physique tanbahr. pickled meat xiimiz. picture pahikar, nigiirag. piece piirag; (backgammon, etc.)

muhrag. pierce suftan. pig xl1g. pigeon kabod, kabOtar. pile up cidan. pillar stl1n(ag). pillow biilen, biilili. pious dahm, kirbagig; v. righteous. Pisces Miihig. pistachio nut pistag; - tree wan

gurganig. pit cah, may. pitcher xumb. pitchfork liiinag. pity iimurzidan. place (n.) giih, gyiig; proper - diidgiih. place (v.) nihiidan. plain dast, riiy. plaintiff pesemiil. plan handiixtan. plane (tree) cinar. planet abaxtar; the 7) planets

haftin.

plank taxtag. planner handiixtiir. plant (n.) urwar; medicinal - rl1rag:

useless - ziiz. plant (v.) nisiistan. plaster (n.) dos, gac; (a.) dosen,

gacen. plaster (v.) handl1dan. platform sadurwiin. play (n.) wiizig. play (v.) wiizidan; (instrt/ment)

srl1dan, (flute) pazd-. pleasant xwas. pleasantness xwasih. please sniiyenidan. pleasing hudO§ag. pleasure dosiiln, passand, riimisn,

urwiihm(an)ih, xwdih; gitJe riimenidan.

pledge graw(ih), graw{a)giin. plenty friixih. plough es. ploughing (ox) warziig. pluck (hair, etc.) rudan. poison zahr, wis. poisonous wisomand. Polaris Mex i giih. pole (measure) niiy. polish abroxtan. poll-tax gazidag. pollute iill1dan. polluted iill1dag. pollution iihidih, nasruSt(ih). polo, --stick caw(la)giin. pomegranate aniir. pond siidurwiin. pool warm. poor driyos, skoh. poplar sped-dar. populous iibad. porcupine xarpuilt. portico dahliz. portion bahr, Jad(ag), kardag, piirag. portionless abahr. possessions griimag, xwesih: v. pro-

perty. possible, it is - sayed; tuwiin. post-(horse) bayaspiinig. posterior niilem. pound kOftan, kostan. pour ailixtan, rextan, taxtan, tazen­

idan; - out wextan.

128 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

poverty driyosih, niyiizomandih, skohih.

power abziir, amawandih, nerog, oz, stahm, tuwiin, zor.

powerful abzar, amiiwand, kiimgiir, nerogomand, ozomand, piidixsii(y), piidyiiwand, warziiwand, zorig, zoromand.

powerless abiidixSii(y), abiidyiiwand, agiir; become ~ agiirihistan; render ~ agiirenidan.

powerlessness abiidixsiiyih. practise warzidan. praise (n.) iifrin, burzisn, niyiiyisn,

stiiyisn, sniiyisn. praise (v.) iifriclan, burzidan, stiidan,

(stiiyidan), sniiyidan. praiseworthy burzisnig, stiiyisnig. prayer namiiz, niyiiyisn; ahunawar,

iifrinagiin, homiist. precisely gokiinig. prefer wizidan. pregnancy iibusih. pregnant iibestan, iibus(tan), zahag-

omand. prejudice wiziistan, (wizudan). preparation passiizisn, wiriiyisn(ih). prepare iiriistan, passiixtan, siixtan,

wiriistan. prescribed zamiinig. presence handemiinih;" in the ~ of

handemiin. present frawiirdan. preservation diirisn. preserve (n.) ambag. preserve (v.) diistan, zenenidan. preserver diistiir. press afSurdan. prevent abiiz diistan. prey, v. quarry; (bird) of ~ skarag. priest iisro, iisron, dastwar, herbed,

mowbed, miinsarbar; ~ hostile to Zoroaster karb; first officiating ~ zot; second officiating ~ riispig.

priestly office iisroih, herbedih; ~ school herbedestiin; ,..., studies herbedestiinih.

prime minister wuzurg-framiidiir. principal miidagwar, wiispuhr. principle bunistag. pr~son zenqiin.

Tlsoner wardag, zend~nig; v. captive.

privilege abarmiind. proceed franaftan, raftan. process (law) diidestiin. produce (n.) bar. produce (v.) andar awurdan. profess (faith) franiiftan. professing iistawiin. profession franamisn; v. belief. profit bar, nirmad, sog, sud, wax>!. profitable nirmadomand, sudabgiir. profitless abesud. profitlessness abesudih. progress (n.) friidahisnih. progress (v.) wihez-. progression rastag; wihez(ag). prolific baromand. promise (n.) padist(iig). promise (v.) padist (abar) burdan,

padistiidan. promote franiiftan, abgiir-. promotion franamisn. prong sru. propagate franiiftan, rawiigenidan. proper, be ~ saz-; seem ~ sahistan. properly pad ewen. property Jadag, Jadisn; (possessions)

xwiistag. prophecy kMigih. prophet waxSwar; v. apostle. prophethood waxSwarih. propitiate sniiy(en)idan. propitiation snuman. proportion paymiinag. proprietyewen(ag). prosecution pesemiilih. prosper wiilidan; make .- friixenidan,

padexenidan. prosperity iibiid(iin)ih, bahromandih,

drod, friixih, padexih. prosperous iibiid(iin), bahromand,

friix, padex. prostrate nibem. prostration namiiz. protect piidan, pahrextan, sriiyidan;

(by spell) afsiidan. protected pad-piinag. protection magind, piinllgih, paniihih,

piisbiinih, pust, pustibiinih, sriiy­isn, zenhiir.

protector piinltg, paniih, nigiistiir. protoplasm miidillt. proud abarmenisn.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX I29

prove uzmudan. prooide abgiir-. provided bahrwar. prooidence bayobaxt. province awestiIm, nahang, piiygos,

rostiig, sahrestiin. prO't'ision bahrwarih; tosag, xwiirbiir. proooke siirenidan. proximity nazdikih. public casrnagiih. pudenda §armgiih. pull (n.) iihang. pull (v.) kesidan; ~ out, v. pluck; ~

up iihixtan. pulse miis. punishment droll, piidifriih, puh!. pupil hasagird, hiiwist; (of eye)

syiihag, tidag. pure abezag, agumeg, iisniid(ag),

(iisnidag), piik(izag), yoJdahr. purification yoJdahrgarih; ritual

badniim. , purified iisniid(ag), (iisnidag).

purifier yoJdahrgar. purify piiliidan, wextan. purity abezagih, agumegih, piikih,

yoJdahrih. . purple argawiin. purpose cim, kiim(ag). purposeful cimig. purulence rem. purulent reman. put nihiidan; ~ on posidan, paymox­

tan.

quadruped cahiirpiiy. quail karak. quake eandidan, wizandidan. quaking wizandag; wizandisn. quality (accidental) Jadisn. quantity candih. quarrel stezag. quarry (prey) naxcir. queen bambisn; v. chess. question frasn, pursisn. quick ray, tez, ziid. quiddity ceih. quince beh. quiver kantigr.

rabbit xargos. C 668( K

race-course aspres. radiance briizisn; v. brilliance. radiant briizisnig. raid, night ~ sabixon. rain (n.) wariin. rain (v.) wiiridan, waiitan. rainy wiiriinig. raise abriistan, ahriiftan. ram wariin, warrag. rampant zandag. rank radag; without,.., agiih. rat musk. raw xam. ray tex. raze kandan. razor awestarag. reap driidan. rear pasih. rearrange abiiz wiriistan. reason cim, wihiin(ag); xrad; without ~ abecim.

rebellion abiizsiirih. rebellious abiizsiir, mustgar. receive padiriftan. recent nog. reception padirisn. receptive ayiibag. recitation sriiyisn. recite sriidan, yastan. reckless gyiinabespiir. reckon iimiir-, handiixtan, hangardan,

osmurdan. reckoner amiirgar. reckoning amar(isn), hangiirag, mar,

osmiirag, osmiiriiln. recognize IIniixtan. record kiimamag. rectitude ardiiyih. red karmir, suxr. reddish-brown bOr. redeem boxtan, wiziirdan. redemption wiziirisn; v. salvation. reed nay, niiyizag. reed-bed nayestiin. reflect handesidan. reflection handesisn, uskarisn(ih). refrain pahrextan. refreshment parwii!. refuge abestam/n, paniih; take"" with

pad paniih griftan. region kiswar; v. district. register daftar.

130 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

regret abaxs; v. repentance. regretful abwawand. reign sahryiirih; v. sovereignty. reject iiniiftan, spoxtan. rejection spoziSn. rejoice urwiizistan. rejoicing urwiizisn. relationship briidarodih. relation, relative hamtohmag, xwes-

iiwand; briidarod. reliability awestwiirih, ostigiinih. reliable awestwiir, ostigiin. religion den; v. Mazdaism, heresy;

good, evil. religious denig. remain (abiiz) miindan, (miinistan),

piidan, pattiidan; ,.., over parrextan. remedy ciir; darmiin. remember ayiid kardan, ayiisidan,

(ayiistan), pad dwag diistan, osmurdan.

remiss miindag. remote diir. removal appiirih, franiimisn. remove franiiftan, ogiirdan. removed appiir. rend kirrenidan. renown niimigih. renowned niimig. repentanC{ abaxsih, paSemiinih. repentant abw, pasemiin. reply paywiiz-. report srawenidan. repose, v. rest. reproach iiwenisn. reptile xrafstar. repudiating nakkirii. repudiation nakkiriyih. repute, good,.., husrawih. request pahikiirdan; v. ask. resemblance miiniigih. resemble miin-. resembling miiniig. reservoir warm. residence nisemag; v. dwelling. resignation biirestiinih, widwarih. resigned biirestiin, widwar. resonance pattiin. resonant pattiinomand. respect iiza~ iizarmigih, griimigih,

tars, tarsl1gQhih. \ respected iizarmig.

respectful tarsllgah. response paywazag, paywizi§n. responsible pursisnig. rest (n.) iisiinih, iisiiyisn, haspin. rest (v.) iisiidan, wisiiy-. Restoration fras(a)gird. restore wiriistan. restrain abiiz dii§tan, griftan,

piidiriin(en)idan. restrained piidiriin. resurrection ristiixez. reticence piiduzwiinih. reticent piiduzwiin. retreat for menstruous women dali-

tiinestiin. retribution piidiisn, piidifriih. return was tan. reveal iiskiirllgenidan, paydiigenidan. revealed paydiig; be,.., paydiigihistan. revelation iiskiirllgih. revelry spaxr; v. merrymaking. revenge ken. reverence namiiz, tarsl1gahih. reverent tarsitgiih. reverse Juttarih. revive ziwenidan. reviver zindakkar. revolution gardisn. revolve gardidan. reward mizd, piidiisn, diis"!". rhinoceros karg. rib pahliig. rice brinJ. rich hangad, riiyomand, tuwiingar,

was-xwiistag. richness tuwiingarih; v. wealth. rider aswiir. ridge griwag, tex. riding aswiirih. right drust. righteous ahlii, ahlaw, ardii, aso,

friiron. righteousness ahlawih, ahliiyih,

ardiiyih, friironih. right-hand dasnag. right-mindedness bowandag-menisn-

ih. rightness drustih. ring, v. finger. ripen pazziim-; cause to ,.., pazziiftan,

pazziimenidan. ripening pazziimisn.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 13 1

rise abar iimadan, abar iixistan, ul iimadan.

rival briidarod. rivalry briidarodih. river rod; ,.., bank rodbiir; ,.., bed

rostiig. roar yarriinidan. roaring yarriinisn. roast bristan. rob rubiidan; v. steal. robber apparag; highway,.., riihdiir. robbery appar, rob. rock sang, wem. Roman hromiiyig. Rome Hrom. roofaskob. roof-tree frasp. rook, v. chess. root reilag. rope arwes, rasan, ristag, wandag. rose gul. rotten piidag; v. corrupt. rottenness piidagih. rough drust. round gird(ag). roundness girdih. rouse wigriidan, (gubriis-). row radag, rastag. royal siihwiir. nib mustan, siidan, rob-. ruby yakand. rue sudiib. ruin(ation) abesihisn(ih), tabiihih,

wany(b )iidih. ruined awerag, aweriin, tabih; be ,..,

tabiihihistan. ruler dahibed, pidixSii(y), sahryiir. rump kiin. run dawidan, (dawistan), poy-, tax­

tan, (tazidan); (daevic) dwiiridan, (dwiiristan); cause to - tixtan, tazenidan.

running (a.) poyisnig, tazig; (n.) tag.

sable samor. sacrifice hidoxt. sad andig(g)en, andohgen, zarig-

omand; v. sorrowful. saddle kOfag, zen. saddle-bag birJiimag. safe abewizend. safflower zardak.

saffron kurkum. Sagittarius Nem-asp. sail wiidbiin. sake, for the,.., of padisiiy, riiy. saliva xayiig. salt namak; (land) sorag. salty sor. salutation erkas. salvation boxtagih, boxtirih, bozisn. same ham-. sanctification yoJdahrgarih. sand reg. sandalwood candal. sapling nihiil. sated, satiate sagr. satiety sagrih. satisfaction hupassandagih, sahisn,

§nomag. satrap sasab. satrapal sasabigin. Saturn Kewiin. save boxtan. saved boxtag. saviour boxtiir, Sosyans. say guftan, P wixtan. saying wiizag. scales tariiziig. scatter afsiindan, pargandan. scent (n.) bOy. scent (v.) bOyenidan. scented bOyig, boydiir. schismatic Jud-ristag; V. heretic. school dibirestiin, frahangestin

herbedestin. ' scorch dazidan. scorn afsos, riyahrih. scorpion, Scorpio gazdum. scoundrel mar. scratch randidan. scribe dibir. scribeship dibirih. scriptures nibeg; abestig, gahin,

hiidamiinsar, diid. sea drayii(b), zreh. seal (n.) muhr. seal (v.) iwistan. seam darz. sea-shore drayi(b)-biir. season iiwiim. seat (n.) nisem; foremost,.., pesgah. seat (v.) (abar) nisiistan. second didom, dudigar.

132 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

secrecy nihlin. secret (a.) nihiinig, riizig. secret (n.) riiz. sect ristag. sectary kesdar; v. heretic. section kardag; darak, had. security graw(ih), graw(a)glin. sedentary mlinistag. see didan, nis-. seed cihr(ag), dlin(ag), t6hmag, tom;

having many -s was-tohmag. seeing (a.) wenlig. seeing (n.) wenligih, wenisn. seek xwlistan. seem, - proper sahistan. seemly abayisnig. seethe aylirdidan. select (a.) pad-wizen. select (v.) wextan, wizidan. selection wezisn. selective wizengar. self griw, xwad, xwestan. self hood xwadih. self-indulgence xwad-dosagih. self-indulgent xwad-dosag. sell froxtan. semen susar. send frestli/idan, wise kardan,

zimenidan. senior mehtar. sense boy, sohisn, §niisag. senseless abeboy, aboy, abeos. senselessness abeboyih, aboyih,

abeosih. sensitive mlirlig, sohisnig. separate (a.) Jud(lig). separate (v.) wextan, wislindan,

wiskidan, wizlirdan. separated, be - wizihidan. separation Judiigih, wislinisn(ih),

wiskin(n)isn, wizlir, wizihisn(ih). sepulchre astodlin. series rastag. serious garlin. serpent garzag, kinn. servant bandag, kadagig, kardesplis,

paristag, pesklir. serve paristidan; ~ (food) frawardan. service paristagih, paristisn, spas. sesame kunJid. ) set histan, nislistan (sun) andar

sudan.

set about pardaxtan o. settle bunag dastan. settled miini~tag. settlement wlilan. seven haft. seventeen haftdah. seventy haftlid. sever b(u)ridan. severe(ly) dru~t, saxt. severity dru~tih, saxtih. sewer kahas. shade, shadow sliyag. shake down wislin-. shallow tanuk. shame (n.) nang, pafSiri~n(ih), sann. shame (v.) pafSar-. shank zang. shape cihr, klilbod. shapely wimehgen. share bahr, Jlid(ag). sharp burag, tez, tund. sharpness tezih. shave awestardan. she = he. sheep mes, pah. sheepfold, -pen pahast. sheet clidur. shell post. shelter war. shepherd plinAg, sublin. shield magind, spar. shine brlizidan, drafsidan, frogih-

istan, tAftan, (tlibidan). shining brlizisnig; v. bright. ship kastig. shiver larzidan. shoe kafs, mog, mozag. shoe-maker kafSgar. shoot (n.) spig. shoot (v.) wistan. shore blir. short gisnag, kUk. shortcoming frodmand; v. deficiency. shoulder do~, suft; ~-blade freg,

slinag. show nimiidan. sick, v. ill. sickle dlis. sickness, v. illness. side lilag, karan, kust(ag), nemag,

pahliig, sog, sraxtag. side-dish iimiz.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 133

sift wextan. sigh swahistan. sight weniigih, wenisn, didar. sign daxsag, nisan. sileftt tu~t, ximOS. silk abresom; shot - stabrag; v.

damask. silken abresomen. silvan wesagig. silver (a)sem; (a.) asemen. similar hliwand; v. like. similarity hliwandih; v. likeness. similarly hamedon. simurgh sen-murw. sin ablironih, listlir, bazag(ih), mlin­

dag, winlih; degrees of - ligrift, anlibuhlag, ardus, blizlizani~nih, framlin, oyri~t, tanlipuhl, xwar, ylit; cause to - astlirenidan.

s£nce (cj.) ce, Cd rliy ce, ka; (pr.) az ... oron.

sinew pay. sinful abliron, bazakkar, druwand. sinfulness winlihglirih. sing srudan. singing srliyisn. single ewtlig, tag. sinner bazakkar, dabr, winlihglir. Sirius Ti~tar. sissoo tree Jay. sister xwah(ar). sisvmbrium sisimbar. sii (abar) nisastan. six Sas. sixteen slizdah. sixty sast. size wuzurgih, zahli, zahih. -sized -masay. skilful hudast, neziimlin(ig). skill abzar, hunar, hunarliwandih,

klirliglihih, kirrogih, neziimlinih. skilled abzliromand, frahixtag,

hunarawand, hunaromand, kar­ligah, kirrog.

skimmer kafc. skin carm, dawlil, post; toz; (a.) post­

en; -bag hamblin, ma~k; - 'table­cloth' maskizag.

skull mastarg. sky asmlin, spihr. slack sust. slackness sustih.

slander spazgih. slanderous spazg. slave ansahrig. sledgehammer potk. sleep (n.) xwlih, xwamn; biisiisp. sleep (v.) xuftan, nibastan. sleeping-platform blilengah. sleepless axwamn. slime kaf, laJan. slope, v. acclivity, declivity. sloth hiisiisp. small gi~nag, kam, keh, kodak,

kiic(ak), kiik, nihang, ozarak, xwurd; - thing xwurdag.

smaller keh(tar). smallest nidom. smallness xwurdagih. smear handiidan. smell (n.) boy; hamboyagih, hamboy-

isn. smell (vi.) boyidan; (vt.) hamboy-. smite zadan; v. hit, beat. smiter zadar. smiting zanisn. smoke diid. snake garzag, mar; (viper) sebag. snare dim, talag. snatch rubiidan. sneeze snosag. snout poz(ag). snotl) snexr, snezag, wafr. so edon, hamgonag, oh, i'>won. so-and-so wilhmlin. so many and, cand. so that (kii) tli, P yad. sodomite kiinmarz, wiftag. sodomy kiinmarz. soft nann. sojourn mlinisn. soldier Ia§karig; v. warrior. soldiering laskarigih. sole ewliz. sole-created ekdad. solvent lidiin. some cand. ewcand. somebody kas, P kec. son frazand, pus(ar). son-in-law damlid. song cegiimag, niwlig, srod. s01lship frazandih. soon(est) ahy. soothsayer ked, kundlig, murw-nis.

134 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

soothsaying kedigih. sophist sofistii. sorcerer Jiidiig. sorcery Jiidiigih. sore res. sorghum gahl, giiwars. sorrel (horse) sed. sorrow andiig, andoh, bes, pim,

temiir, zarig. sorrowful andiig(g)en, andohgen,

besomand, pimgen, zarigomand. sort gon(ag), sardag. soul frawahr, fraward, griw, gyiin,

ruwiin, ustiin. sound iiwiz. soup kiimag; spedbiig, iibkiimag. sour tru(f)s. source bunxiin, casmag, xiin(ig),

zahiibag. south nemroz, rapihwin. southern rapihwintar. sOfJereign sahryiir; v. king, ruler. sOfJereignty piidixSiiyih, sahryiirih,

xwadiiyih. sow afsiindan, kistan. space spiis. spacious frh. spade bel. span (hand-) widest. span-sized widestig. sparrow winJisk. speak dranJidan, guftan, P whtan;

(daevic) dawidan, driiyidan. speaker gowiig, guftir. spear fraA, Bel. special wiispuhragiin. speciality wiispuhragiinih. speckled parS. speech dranJisn, gowisn, guftiirih,

saxwan, wiz; v. good, evil. speechless agowiig. speed tagigih, tezih, ziidih. spell afson, marig, nerang, sraw,

miins"r. sphere (heaven) spihr. spice abzar. spindle dok. spirit menog(ih), wiid, waxs; -s

yazdiin; v. good, evil. spiritual gyiinig, menOgij' ruwiinig .. ,

waxSig. . spirituality menog(ig)ih. .

spit (roasting) wardiiniig. spittle xayiig. spleen spul, spurz. splendid huskoh, P nisiig. splendour abrang, biim, briih,

xwarrah. split darridan, skiiftan, wisistan. spoil wimustan, winiihidan. spoilt iiniist(ag), miidag, tabiih,

winastag. spoon kafcag. spotted pad. spread afsiindan, wistardan. spring,. v. source. spring(time) wahiir, afsiiliin, medyc'5-

zarm; (a.) wahiirig. sprinkle paUinJidan. sprinkling paAsinJisn. sprout spig. stable hwarr, storgiih. stagger skarwidan. stagnant hammist. stain iihid. stalk ewan. stand awistiidan, estiidan, piidan: --

up histan. standing stendag. star axtar, star, stiirag. starch-jelly piiliidag. stater (coin) ster. station piiyag. stature biiliiy, basn; of the same -­

hambaAn, hamtan. stay abiiz piidan, miindan, (miinistan).

pattiidan, win(n)irdan. steal appurdan, duzidan. stealing apparisn. steel almiis(t), poliiwad; (a.) poliiwad-

en. stem wan, (bun); v. stalk. stench gand, gandagih, duJgandih. step giim. step up abar Axriimidan. steps pillagiin. steward miidayiir. stick cob. still ahaniiz. stimulate hangextan. sting gazidan. stinking gandag, duJgand. stir up hangextan. stoat kiikom.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 135

stock gohr(ag), tohmag; v. good, stem. stolen duzidag, truftag. stomach kumig; v. belly. stone sa(n)g; fruit - ast(ag). stony sagen; - place sangsar. store hambar, hamaber. story afsiin. stout frabih. straight riist. strain (filter) paliidan. strange(r) anodag, begiinag. straw kiih, P wiis; giyiihizag, niiyizag. stray apedag; v. astray. stream Jo(y). street koy, srat. strength amawandih, nerog, oz,

piidyiiwandih, saxtih, stabrih, tagigih, wr.

stride (n.) giim. stride (v.) Axriimidan. strife iiyozisn(ih), ko(x)sisn, stezag. strike (n.) sniih. strike (v.) pahikOftan, zadan. string ristag, wandag. strive iiyozidan, ko(x)sidan, tuxsidan. striving tux§i§n; V. endeavour. strong amiiwand, nerogomand, osti­

gan, ozomand, pad-nerog, piidyii­wand, saxt, stabr, stahmag, siir, tagig, zorig, zoromand.

stronger abaroz. stronghold iiwahan; V. fortress. strophe waeast. struggle (n.) Jang, nibard, pahikar. struggle (v.) ayozidan, ko(x)sidan; V.

fight. strut Axriimidan. study (n.) osmiirisn. study (v.) osmurdan. stuff iigandan. stumble skarwidan. stunned, stupefied stard. stupefaction stardih. stupid dusiigiih. stupidity dusiigiihih, stardih. subject dar. submission ekiinagih. submissive ekiinag, framiinburdiir. subordinate aziskeh. substance gohr(ag); of the same

hamgohr. substitute gohrig.

subtle biirig/k. suburb parwar. success kiimag-hanJiimih. successful kiimag-hanJiim / -widiir,

kiimrawiig. suck mezidan. suffer widiir(i)dan; V. endure. suffering (a.) dardomand. suffering (n.) cehag, handraxtagih. sugar sakar. suitability niyiibagih, passazagih. suitable niyiibag, passazag; v. fitting. sulphur gogird. sulphurous gogirdomand. summarize hangirdenidan. summary hangirdig(ih). summer hiimin, tiibestiin ; (a.) hiiminig. summit biilist, cagiid, sar, terag. summon xwandan. sun mihr, xwar. sunrise xwariisiin. sunset xwarofriin, xwarwariin. superfluous, be - parrextan. superior abar(ag), abaragiin(ag),

abarig(iin); azismeh. superiority abardomih ; piidyiiwandih. supper siim. suppliant liibakkar. supplication liibag, liibakkarih. support abestiim/n, pust, pustibiinih. supporter pustibiin. sure ostigiin. surround parwastan. surroundings parwiir. suspend iigustan. sustenance rozig. swallow (n.) paristog/k. swallow (v.) obiirdan. swear (oath) sogand xwardan. sweat (n.) xwey. sweat (v.) xwistan. sweep mustan, rob-. sweet siren, xwas. sweetest xwiilist. sweetmeat royn-xwardig; afrosag,

gozenag, lawzenag, siftenag, wairenag.

sweetness sirenih. sweet-smelling huboy. swell up, cause to - pemenidan. $tvift arwand, ray, sebiig, tagig,

tiizig, zibiil.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

swiftness arwandih. swim snazidan. swimming snaz. swing wextan. sword sneh, bmser, (safSer). swordsmith ~elangar.

table xwan; 'table-cloth' maskizag. tablet taxtag. tail dum(b). tailed dum(b)omand. tailor darzig. take burdan, griftan, stadan; - for

pad . . . dastan. taken griftar. taken away appar. tallow pih. tamarisk gaz. tambour tamburag. tangible girisnig, griftaromand. taste ~asnig, ~axsagih, ~axsisn,

mizag( darih). tasteless abemizag. tasty rnizagomand. Taurus Gaw. tax ba]. teach ~astan, frahixtan, hammoxtan,

wizistan. teacher hammozgar; poryotkes;

(priest) herbed. "-teaching iifrah, ~asisn, hammozisn. tear (n.) ars, srdk. tear (v.) darridan. ten dah. tend pahrextan. tender nazuk. tendon pay. tent mask, wiyan. tenth dahom. term (astr.) marz. terrestrial zamigig. terrible bimgen, sahmgen. terribleness sahmgenih. terror bim, sahm; v. fear. test (n.) passiixt. test (v.) passiixtan, uzmudan. testament handarz. testicle gund. testimony gugayih; false ziir-

gugiiyih. ) testing uzmayisn. than az, kii.

thank azadih, spas + dastan, hangar-dan, etc.

thankful burdesnohr, spasdar. thanks azadih, spas; v. gratitude. that (cj.) ~e, kii (ta). that (pn.) an, oy, P ho; - of an i;

- is (to say) ay, had. theft appar(isn), duz(d)ih. then a, did, eg, had, pas. there anoh/y. thereupon ego they awesan. thicket wesag. thief duz(d), geg. thigh haxt, ran. thin biirig/k, tanuk. thing tis, (~is), xir. think handesidan, menidan, uskar-

dan; v. consider. third sidig; -seyom; (n.) sriswadag. thirst tisn, tisnagih. thirsty tisnag. thirteen sezdah. thirtieth sihom. thirty sih. this ed, en, im. thorn xar. thorny xaromand. those awesan. thou to. thought handesisn, menisn; v. con-

sideration. thoughtful handesidar, menisnig. thousand hazar. thread ristag. three s~. three-legged sepay. three-night-long se-sa bag. thresh xwastan. thriving abad(an). throat galog, griw. throne gah, taxt, P parwangah. through tar, taris.t. throw abgandan, wextan, wistan ;

- down osan-; - forward fraz abgandan; - on pahikaftan.

thrust spoxtan. thunder (n.) yarranag. thunder (v.) yarriinidan. thunderbolt wir. thus edon, oh. thyme, wild - sisimbar.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 137

tie bastan. tiger babr. tight tang. till kiStan, warzidan. tillage kistiir, kiswan; warzisn. time awam, bar, gah, hangam, Jar,

zaman(ag), zurwan. timely hangamig. tin arziz; (a.) arzizen. tired miindag. tiredness mandagih. to 0, pad. toe angust. together agenen; with az • . •

hammis, Joma. toil ranJ. tolerate saxtan. toleration siixtarih. tomb aspanur, dadgah, daxmag,

hazzan. tomorrow fradag. tongue uzwan, (zuwan). tooth dad, dandan. top balen, basn, sari v. summit. torment (n.) aziir(isn), besisn. torment (v.) iizardan, (aza/urdan),

bistan, (besidan). . tortoise kasawag. totality hamagih. touch (n.) pahrmiihiigih, pahrmahisn touch (v.) pahikaftan, pahrmah-,

sohistan. . toward(s) andar, 0 ••• ron, padirag. tower burg. track pay. trade pesag; wazar(a)ganih. trading wahag. trained frahixtag. trample spurdan, ospurdan, wispur­

dan, xwastan. trampling xwahisn. transformation Jadag-wihirih; v.

metamorphosis . transience frasawandih, sazisn, ward­

isn(ig)ih. transient frasawand, sazisnig, ward-

isnig, wideriin, widerisnig. transport widar(i)dan. trap dam, talag. travel ewarzidan. trtroellp- kardag, karawanig. tray xWan.

tread, v. trample. treasure gan]. treasured gramig. treasurer gahbed, gan]war. treasurership gahbedih. treasury ganJ. treaty padixsir, payman; v. bond. tree dar, draxt, wan; self-planted -

nihal; - of many seeds wan i was­tohmag.

tremble ~andidan, drafsidan, larz-idan.

trembling ~andisn; v. quaking. tribe zand. tribute baJ, harg, sak. trickery dawal; v. deceptiotl. tried nibardag. trinoctial se-sabag. triumph (n.) abarwezih; v. t'ictory. triumph (v.) ~erihistan. triumphant abarwez, ~er. troop gund. trouble (n.) dus(x)wiirih, ranJ, seJ,

widang. trouble (v.) ayozidan, ranJenidan. troubled ranJag, ranJwar. trousers salwar. true rast, wabarigan, wizurd. trumpet gawdumb. trunk ewan; v. stem. trust abestam/n. trustee stiir. trusteeship stiirih. trustworthiness wabarigiinih. trustworthy wabarigan. truth rastih, wiibar, wizurdih. truthful arda; v. righteous. try uzmiidan. tube nay. Turanian Tiir. turbid terag. Turk Turk. turmeric zard-~obag. turmoil iisob. turn (vi.) gardidan, wastan; (vt.)

gardanidan, wardenidan; - into abaz wastan o.

turning gardisn, wardisn. twelve dwiizdah. twenty wist. twin dogiinag. twinkling mezisn.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

twist pecidan. two do. two-tongued do-saxwan. tyrannous sezd(en), staft. tyranny siistarih, sezd. tyrant siistiir.

ugly duscihr, zist. unaging azarman. unassailed apetyirag. unatonable anibuhlag. unavoidable awizirisnig. unaware anigiih. uncomplaining abemust. unconfessed apetitig. unconscious abei'.i§. unconsciousness abeosih. uncultivated aniibiidan. undefiled aniihog, analud; v. immacu-

late. under azer, er. undershirt sabig, taskanag. understand Ilsnudan, uzwiirdan. understanding uzwiirisn. undertake abar burdan, friiz griftan,

pardaxtan o. undertaking pardazisn .. undeviating awardiig. undo wiyoz-. undone akard. undutiful axweskar. undying amarg; v. immortal. unenvious hucaSm. unfeeling asohisn. unfitting anabay, asazag. unfordable naydag. unfortunate dulifarrag, wadbaxt. ungrateful anespiis, aspiis. unhappiness axwarih, axwasih, dus-

rllmih. unhappy axwas, dusritm, mustomand. unharmed abebes, abes, awinast. unhonoured anazarmig. uniform ewsiin. uniformity ewsiinih. uninformed adistag. uninitiated adahm. union iiyozisn, hamih, hambawisn(ih). unit tiig. unite hamenidan. united ewkard(ag); be - hambudan. universality hamagih.

universe hiUnkiswar. unjust adad. unlike ahomanag. unlimited akanarag. unmixed agumeg. unpleasant axwaS. unreliable anost. unrepentance anabaxsawandih, a-

petitigih. unrepentant anabaxsawand, apetitig. unrest anastih; v. turmoil. unspecified anamcistig. unsuitable asazag. unthinking amenidar. until ta, P yad. untilled awarzid. untruth arast. unwanted anabedan. unwilling akamagomand. unwitting anagah. unworthy anarzanig. up abar, ul. up to fraz o. upland sardser. upside down er ud abar, nigfln. upward ul; - direction ulih. urinate gomez-, mistan. urination camisn, mezisn, pesarwar. urine meliag, pesyar; bull' s ~ gomez,

dastsoy. use sog, sud; of,..., abedan; put to ~

kar framiidan. useful sud(o)mand. useless anabedan. uselessness anabedanih. usurer waxligar. utterance ewaz, wazag.

vain tuhig. valiant arwand, marciibuk; v. brave. valid wizurd. validity wizurdih. valour arwandih, marcabukih; v.

bravery. valuable arzan, arzomand. value (n.) arz,\ arziinigih, arzisn,

arzomandih, <Vahiig. value (v.) wahag burdan. vanguard pesobiiy. Vega Wanand. vegetable iroyisnig, tarrag, urwar;

-s iimiz.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 139

vehemence tundih. vehicle wardyGn. veil cadur, pardag. vein rag, rahag. vengeful kenig, kenwar. venom wili, zahr. venomous wiliomand. Venus Anahid. vernal waharig. vertebra muhrag. very aber, saxt, staft, skeft. vessel Jam(ag), kabarag, takok. vetch mali. viceroy bidaxs.

"

victorious abarwez, cer, peroz(gar). victory abarwezih, peroz(gar)ih; final ~ frazam-perozih.

victuals pih. vigilant gubrag, zenawand. vile wadag, ufan. vileness wadagih. village deh, wis. vina (lute) win. vindictive kenwar. vindictiveness kenwarih. vine raz. vinegar sik. vineyard raz. violence must, snah, tundih. violent mustgar, tund. violet wanaf§ag. viper sebag. virgin di'.i§izag. virginity di'.i§izagih. virtue hunar, hunarawandih, hu­

warilt, kirbag, nek-gohrih. virtuous dahm, hunarawand, kir­

bagig, nek-gohr. visibility paydagih. visible caSmdid, (pad) didar, paydag,

wenabdig, wenisnig. vision wenab; v. sight. vital gyanig. vital force axw. vitality ustanih. vivijier zindakkar. vivify ziwenidan. voice awaz, wing. void (n.) tuhigih. void (v.) ridan. vomit wamidan. vow (n.) padist(ag).

vow (v.) padistiidan. vulture kargas.

wagon rah. waist kamar. wait piidan. waken guhriiyenidan; v. awaken. wall dewir. wallet paywisag. wallflower herig. walnut goz;,..., sweetmeat gozenag. wand cobag. wander wastan. wanderer kiirdiig. wandering wiyaban(ig). (vane nirfs-. want (n.) niyiiz. want (v.) abiiyistan, kamistan, xwis-

tan. wanted abedan. warding off iiniibisn. warlike ardi\ckar. warm garm(og); - region garmser. warmth garmig, garmih. warrior ardikkar, artestir, eraxtar,

kiirig; v. soldier. warriorhood artelitiirih. wash sustan. washerman gazar. wasp wabz. waste wanigarih. watch (n.) pis. watch (v.) nigih diistan, piidan, pis

distan. watchdog manbin. watcher piisban. water ib. watercourse ibtazan; v. channel. water-holder ibdiin. water-lily nilopal. watery iibig. wax waxiiidan. way, v. path, manner. we ami. weak kamzor, niziir; become ,..., nizar­

ih(istan). weakness kamzorih, nizarih. wealth iidan(ih), griimag, hangadih,

tuwiingarih, xwiistag. wealthy iidan, was-xwiistag, xwistag­

omand; v. rich. wean abiiz kardan az.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

weapon zay, zen. wear paymoxtan, posidan. weasel rasiig. u'eave waf-. uleaving wafisn. u'eed ziiz. week haftag. weep bram-, griyistan. weeping bramag. weigh saxtan, tarazenidan. weight garanih. well (a.) drust. u·ell (n.) cah. well up, cause to ~ pemenidan. well-being drod. well-born pad-gohr(ag). well-grown hurust. well-known namcist. west dosastar, xwarofran, xwarwaran. what ce, kadam. whatever cegam-iz-e(w). wheat gandum. when ciyon, ka, kay. whenever hame ka. where kii (gyag). which ce, kadam, kadar, ke. whichever kadam-iz-e(w). whip astar, tazanag. whirlwind wad-girdag. white sped, aruSj (n.) spedag. wh.o ke, kadar. whoever kadar-iz-e(w). whole tandrust. whore Jeh, rospig. whoredom rospigih. why ce ray, Cim (ray). wickedness dusih, wattarih. wide frax, pahn, wehm, wisad. widow wewag. width pahnay, wehmih. wife narig, zanj cagar. wild kOfig. wilderness wiskar. wilful wastar. will axw, kam(ag). willing(ly) kiimagomand. willow wed. wind wad. window rozan, roz(b)anag. wine badag, may. wine-press karxos. wing balag, parr(ag).

winged parragig, parrwar. 7uinnow wextan. winter zam, zamestan. wipe awestardan. wiping awestarisn. wisdom danagih, frazanagih, xrad j

innate ~ asn-xrad. wise danag, frazanag, xradig,

xradomand, zirak. witch parig. with abag. wither hosidan j cause to ~ hosenidan. withhold abaz dastan. within andaron. without abe-, be az. tuitness gugayj false - ziir-gugay. woe way. wolf gurg. uoman narig, zan j married ~ soy­

mand j young - ziyanag. 700mb askamb(ag), askom(b), burdiir,

gabr, grab, pusyiin, uruspar, zahar. wonder abdih, widimas. wonderful abd(-sahist), widimasig. wood cob, darj wesag. wooden diiren. woodland weSagestiin. wool pasm, warr. woollen pasmen. word ewiiz, marig, saxwan, sraw,

waz j holy ~ miins"r(spand). work (n.) harg, kar, warz(isn). work (v.) warzidan. worker kardar, warzigar. world axw(an), gehan; material

getig, gumezagih. worldly gehanig, getig(ig). worm kirm. wormwood dramanag. worse wattar. worship (n.) ezisn, paristagih,

paristisn, yasn, yast, yazisn. worship (v.) paristidan, yastan. worst wattom. 7vorth arz, arzanigih, arzisn, arz­

omandih; be ~ arzidan. worthiness arzanigih, sahigih, sazii­. gih, sazisn, siiyendagih.,

worthless duliarz. fvorthy arzan(ig), arzomand, sahig,

saziig(wiir), sayendagj be ~ saz-, sayistan.

)

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 141

would that kac. uound (n.) res, zaxm.

I fvolmd (v.) residan, xastall. wrath xesm. write nibistan.

iwriting nibeg; collected -s dewan. fvrong abaron, zefiin. wrongdoer kastiir ..

yard gam. year siil j -years-old -siilag. yellow zard. yellowness zardih. yet ahaniiz.

yoke (n.) Juy. yoke (v.~ iiyoxtan. (ayozidan). yolk zardag. you asmi'i. young Juwiin, keh, kawiidak, kodak. younger keh(tar). youth Juwanj Juwiinih.

Zara8ultra, v. Zoroaster. Zend zand. zodiac dwiizdahiin j sign of the -

axtar. Zoroaster Zardu(x)st. Zoroastrian, v. Mazdean.