MacroevolutionWorksheet review

1. Allopatric = geographically separatedRiversMountainsNew islands

Roads

Most common

Sympatric Speciation (rare in animals)

New species form in same location

Much less common

Changes in Chromosome # Error in meiosis leads to extra chromosmes

– called polyploidy Instantly new species in plants

2. Pre-Zygotic BarriersHabitatsTimingBehavior/songs/dancesAnatomicalSperm/egg incompatible

3. Problems with Model Asexual species Extinct species Situations where

population B can reproduce with both A and C, but A and C cannot reproduce with each other

Species where hybridization sometimes works

4. Only if the liger is fertile and capable of

reproducing Most likely not

5. Fossil record (see many similarities

between extinct species and modern species) Age of fossils Transitional fossils

Vestigial structures Homologous structures DNA similarities

6. C – Acropora lamarckii is in same genus

as Acropora aspera, so they are most closely related

Bursaa lamarkii is in different genus so it can’t be as closely related.

Similar species name is just because biologists aren’t very creative

7. B – Class > Order > Family > Genus >

Species

8. Keep in mind that the number of differences essentially tells us relatively how long ago the common ancestor was

8.

Tim

eLo

ng t

ime a

go

Now

Feline Ancestor

Hou

seca

t

5

2C

heeta

h

Cougar

Bob

cat

8

20

Lion

2

Jagu

ar

4

Leopard

6

Tig

er

8.

Tim

eLo

ng t

ime a

go

Now

Feline Ancestor

Hou

seca

t

5

2C

heeta

h

Cougar

Bob

cat

8

20

Lion

Jagu

ar

Leopard

6

Tig

er

24

9.

Figure out each time, what trait comes next to separate branches

9.Tim

eLo

ng t

ime a

go

Fish-Like Ancestor

-Lungs

Fish

-Amniotic Egg

Frog

-Hair

AnapsidSkull

Liza

rd

Bir

d

-Live BirthPla

typus

-Placenta

Koala

-Bipedal

Chim

panze

e

Hum

an

9.Tim

eLo

ng t

ime a

go

Fish-Like Ancestor

-Lungs

Fish

-Amniotic Egg

Frog

-Hair

AnapsidSkull

Liza

rd

Bir

d

-Live BirthPla

typus

-Placenta

Koala

-Bipedal

Chim

panze

e

Hum

an Species/

genus

Family

Ora

nguta

n

Order

Class

Phylum