MACROMOLECULESAn amazing journey

CARBON!

*All living organisms contain carbon!

Chemistry of Carbon: Carbon can bond with many elements including other Carbons and can make 4 bonds!

MONOMER AND POLYMERS

Monomers are single units and when you get lots of monomers together, you get a polymer

This process is called polymerization

4 TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES

CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic acids

CARBOHYDRATES

Made up of C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1

Used by living things as their main source of energy

COMPOSITION OF POLYMERS

Monomer for carbohydrates: glucose

Polymer for carbohydrates:-starch-cellulose-glycogen

Where do we see Glucose in our daily lives?Honey is Glucose

with minor things added by the bees.

If you put two glucose together (dissaccharides), you can get several different things

Sucrose Lactose FructoseC12H22O11 C12H22O11 C12H22O11

If you stick several Glucose Molecules together we get………Complex carbs also known as

polysaccharidesFunction: long term storage of glucose used for different things

Starch:Used by plants to store excess

glucose

Cellulose:Used by plants as

a building material

Glycogen:Used by animals to store excess

glucose

What can you eat that has more energy than Carbs?

Lipids (fats) can store enough energy that they can even hold a flame!Plants store fat as liquids.

Animals store fat as solids

Lipids:-Composed of C and H -Known as fats, oils, waxes, and steroids-At least 1 C=C double bond makes afat unsaturated

Lipid Composition:

A Glycerin Molecule

This acts as a connector for:Three Fatty acids The fatty acids contain several carbon groups that store energy in their bonds.

Uses for Lipids:

1. Energy Storage:

We use fatty acids for energy when we work out and carbs. have been used up2. Structure of cells:

Every cell has a cell membrane that is made of Phospholipids.3. Messengers:Steroids are lipids that carry messages through the blood stream

If I am trying to get strong, what do I eat?

Proteins!Proteins are found in meat, nuts, beans

Monomer: Amino acids: 20 different molecules that combine to make all proteins These are just two

Proteins-Contain N, C, H, and O-Have an amino group(-NH2) & acarboxyl group(-COOH)

PROTEIN USES:

Control the rate of reactions (these are called enzymes)

Regulate cell processesForm bones and muscleTransport substancesFight disease

EXAMPLES OF PROTEIN POLYMERS:

Nucleic AcidsContain: H, C,O,N, and PFunction: Store and transmit genetic information

MONOMER

The monomer of a nucleic acid is a nucleotide

A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

The polymer of a nucleotide is a DNA or RNA strand

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid RNA stands for ribonucleic acid