Connectivism: A vision for education
George Siemens24th Annual Conference on Distance
Teaching & LearningMadison, Wisconsin
August 7, 2008
The major responsibility of education is to arm every single person for the vital combat for lucidity.
Edgar Morin
But how do we find lucidity?
What has happened to information and our interactions with others?
An exabyte? How Big?
Five exabytes of information is equivalent in size to the information contained in 37,000 new libraries the size of the Library of Congress book collections.
UC Berkeley
In 2007 the digital universe equalled 281bn gigabytes of data, or about 45gb for every person on Earth
International Data Corporation
It took two centuries to fill the shelves of the Library of Congress with more than 57 million manuscripts, 29 million books and periodicals, 12 million photographs, and more. Now, the world generates an equivalent amount of digital information nearly 100 times each day.
Internet Innovation Alliance
Narrative of coherence
Meaning
The knowledge is in the connectionsRumelhart
Sensemaking
Existing tools and processes for managing information and complexity have hit their scale limit
Information growth
We’re always missing something
Partial knowing (new reality)
“Tectonic shift that will transform the map of higher education worldwide—the growth of universities in the developing world”
Daniel, Kanwar, Uvalic-Trumbic (2006)
Diversity/breadth
Complexity
Fragmentation
Obvious traditional response
Need experts for validation
But…
Fragmentation requires re-creation
Fragmentation challenges coherence
Lack of coherence
disrupts lucidity
Freedom of creation=abundance
ABUNDANCE=NOISE
…and complexification
Structural inefficiencies of schools ≠
“vital combat for lucidity”
It’s no longer about changing what our curriculum is.
It’s about changing how we do curriculum in the first place
How can we foster coherence in How can we foster coherence in a world of hyper-a world of hyper-fragmentation?fragmentation?
Something is happening.
But is it sufficient to warrant a reconsideration of learning theory?
(Kerr, 2007)
Blogs
Wikis
OERs
Ooh…shiny object
Mobile
Second Life Podcasts
Del.icio.us
Connectivism
Networked Learning
What?
Application of network principles to learning…
where knowledge exists in connections and learning is the act of building a network (multiple levels) and navigating the network
How is this unique??
A unity of learning and knowledge
Abundance
Technology
Coherence. Understanding. Sensemaking. Meaning
What do we mean when we say “networked learning”?
1. Neural
Connectionism & AI Rumelhart & McClelland (1986)
Neuroscience – rapidly emerging research
Study of cerebral cortex, reveals:
““small-world” attributes, characterized by the presence of abundant clustering of connections combined with short average distances between neuronal elements”
Sporns & Zwi (2004)
Network theory (such as small worlds) “new applications in the field of neuroscience”
Stam & Reijneveld (2007)
2. Conceptual
Physics researchAusubel: meaningful learningNovak & Cañas (2006)
Levels of understanding - Bereiter
Connections create meaning
Do network properties exist at conceptual level?
Visualization
Highlighting relationships/connections
Of networksOf activity
Of interactionOf content/information
How do we make sense, conceptually?
Connectively/collectively
Networks serve a filtering role
Pattern recognition
Klein(1998)Bereiter (2002)
3. External and Social
How we are connected to others and to information
Watts (2003), Wellman (2001), Barabási (2003), Haythornthwaite & Gruzd (2007), Tim Berners-Lee, Granovetter (1973)
But explain, how does learning occur?
Only connect
E.M. Forser, 1991
Depth and diversity of connections determines understanding
Frequency of exposure
Integration with existing ideas/concepts
Strong and Weak Ties
Determining understandingDetermining understanding
What becomes of authority?
How is information disseminated?
Faustian bargain, anyone?
Nomic
Self-regulation
Wayfinding(Darken 1996)
Bigger shift that that from a Ptolmeic to Copernican view of the solar system…Self-organization is the way the relevant sciences are heading.
Carl Bereiter (2002)
Educator’s obligation
Foster a system with greatest ease for connections to occur
Validation of quality of connection
Foster learner skill and desire to pursue sensemaking
Urgent Skills for Educators
Develop a framework (network) for managing information and interaction
And a method for critical reflection and integration
New roles for educators
Curator
Concierge
Atelier
Network administrator
Who is modeling behaviour and values with technology for learners?
Participatory Pedagogies(Collis & Moonen, 2008)
(Askins, 2008)(Harvard Law School, 2008)
Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family…On it’s foundations rest the cornerstones of freedom, democracy and sustainable human development
Kofi Annan
Threats to university
Borderless educationPrivate for-profitCorporate universities
Peter Scott, 2002
Response: Triple-helix Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 1999
In any dispute the intensity of feeling is inversely proportional to the value of the stakes at issue—that is why academic politics are so bitter
Sayre’s Law
Inertia - systemic
Slow adoption of innovation Murray 2008
Christensen 2008
Inertia - systemic
“The call for a new pedagogy to accompany new instructional technologies, however, has largely remained unanswered”
Davidovitch, 2007
What could, should, school look like?
Finding a new value-basis
Historically
Content
Interaction
Accreditation
Future: framework of coherence
Slideshare:http://www.slideshare.net/gsiemens/
Delicious:http://delicious.com/gsiemens/madison08
Personalbrain:http://elearnspace.org/media/Madison/index.html
MOOC: Massive Open Online Course
Connectivism Online Coursewith Stephen Downes
http://ltc.umanitoba.ca/connectivism/
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